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Wyszukujesz frazę "party-state" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
Tytuł:
Sources of Governance Stability in Communist Regimes
Autorzy:
Kabele, Jiří
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929496.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-06-19
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
state socialism
hierarchies
governance
democratic centralism
party-state
social constructivism
Opis:
This paper is about the use of social hierarchies as tools to control society in East European countries during the Communist era, and why those regimes were so stable. According to the theoretical perspective developed in this article the constructivist system instituted a socialist legal order as a means to pretend that the “rule of law” was still applicable. The resulting constructivist regimes were party-states, where all state hierarchies had parallel structures within the Communist Party hierarchy, and where the separation of powers was replaced with a “hierarchic balancing,” a special form of leadership that the Communist Party exerted over all institutions of state administration and the armed forces. The principle of democratic centralism helped to decrease the transaction costs of governance, and thus, achieve loyalty to the system by party members and non-members alike, and loyalty to the leadership within Communist Party.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2008, 162, 2; 203-222
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High treason. The activity of The Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius in 1930–1935
Autorzy:
ŁUKASIEWICZ, SERGIUSZ
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
communism, Second Polish Republic, Communist Party of Western Belarus, Vilnius, State Police, Vilnius Voivodeship
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to explain the activities of the Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius during the fi rst half of the thirties of the twentieth century. The author’s aim is to show the organisation, theory and practice of this illegal party. Further-more, the intention is to present the activities of Vilnius police towards communist sym-pathizers and activists. Founded in 1923 in Vilnius, the Communist Party of Western Belaruswas a branch of The Communist Party of Poland. This organization like the polish communist party was illegal. Its aim was to combat the Polish state and to perform electioneering for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Although the name of the party could indicate a desire for independence of Belarus, in practice it was for the removal of the north eastern provinces of the Second Republic of Poland to the USSR. CPWB activity had a special dimension in Vilnius. As the region’s largest city and former capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnus was home for many nations, religions and cultures. Moreover, Vil-nius was the most important fi eld for communist action. Given the number of inhabitants, industrialized multi-ethnic character, communists had the opportunity to develop wide subversive and conspiratorial work. In addition, the city was the great centre of production and distribution of communist publications, which allowed the spread of propaganda in both its administrative boundaries and in the Vilnius Voivodeship.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2012, 3, 1; 82-93
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Variations in media freedom: Why do some governments in Central and Eastern Europe respect media freedom more than others
Autorzy:
Bajomi-Lázár, Péter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
clientelism
media capture
media freedom
party colonization of the media
party systems
state capture
Opis:
It is argued in this paper that the relative defi cit of media freedom in most of Central and Eastern Europe as opposed to the relative freedom of the media in most of Western Europe is ultimately rooted in the specifi cities of the former communist countries’ party systems. Young parties in young democracies lack the resources needed for party building and organization, which they compensate for by colonizing the state and the media and by exploiting state and media resources; party colonization of the media necessarily inhibits media freedom. It is further argued that temporal and spatial variations in media freedom in and across Central and Eastern Europe are explained by diff erent patterns of media colonization. Th e more centralized the governing party’s or parties’ decisionmaking structures, the greater the likelihood of one-party colonization, and the more fragmented the governing party’s or parties’ decision-making structures, the lesser the likelihood of such colonization; one-party colonization of the media leads to lower levels of media freedom than multi-party colonization. In other words, the weaker the government, the more freedom the media have.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2015, 8, 1(14); 4-20
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social praxis, party, and class relations today
Autorzy:
Malo, Egni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
machiavelli
marxism
party
class
state
collective action
praxis
revolutionary
social reformation
Opis:
Today’s political sociologists are once again interested in the study of the crisis of mass-based parties, anti-politics and anti-parliamentarism, crisis in the authority of the political class, prevailing corporate interests within republican institutions, and populism. Political sociology however, takes the party, as a construct of political sociology alone, without consideration upon its militancy and action, as the party, which objectifies the foundation of a State, and as a result the party becomes, simply an historical category. We approach the problem of the modern state from many angles; analysing the nature of a political party as such; the ideological dangers of determinism and spontaneism which a party necessarily must struggle with; the type of non-administrative internal regime which is necessary for a party to be effective and so on. The problem we seek to elaborate is the specific character of the collective action that makes possible the passage from a sectored, corporate and subordinate role of purely negative opposition, to a leading role of conscious action towards not merely a partial adjustment within the system, but posing the issue of the State in its entirety. In developing this theme – as a study of the real relations between the political party, the classes and the State – a two-fold consideration is devoted to the study of Machiavelli and Marx: first from the angle of the real relations between the two, as thinkers of revolutionary politics, of action; and secondly from a perspective which would derive from the Marxist doctrines an articulated system of contemporary politics, as found in The Prince.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2014, 09; 172-199
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Crisis of the Social Dialogue or the Crisis of Democracy? On the System of Hegemonic Party or Coalition
Autorzy:
Pańków, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
social dialogue
democracy, globalization
marketization
national state
system of hegemonic party (coalition)
Opis:
The paper attempts to prove that the current, widespread crisis in social dialogue is only one of many features of the overall crisis of democratic structures, mechanisms and procedures visible in the countries of various democratic traditions and culture. The author claims that the overall crisis has been, on the one hand, produced by the supremacy of market mechanisms (which is the most significant effect of the 'third capitalist globalisation), but, on the other hand, may be seen as a result of numerous residuals of the former communist globalisation and their antidemocratic influence still present in the post-communist countries.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2014, 5, 9; 69-80
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Patriarchal Marriage? The Women’s Movement and the Communist Party in Poland (1945–1989)
Autorzy:
Jarska, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
the women’s movement
state socialism
Polska
the League of Women
the communist party
Opis:
This article is a contribution to the debate on the role and character of women’s organizations in Eastern Europe after 1945, including the role they played in the process of women’s emancipation. The purpose of the article is to offer insight into the relation between the communist party (that is the PPR and its successor – the PZPR) and the women’s movement in Poland in the years 1945–89 and to provide a new interpretation of the movement’s history under state socialism. I contend that women’s organizations should be viewed as part of the communist system and the roles they played should be understood in the context of the policies pursued by the communist states.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2018, 125, 2
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Development of Regional Communist Elites in the Czech Lands 1945–1956
Autorzy:
Bily, Matej
Lozi, Marian
Slouf, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/477294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC)
region, department
elite
head secretary
dominance
state-socialist dictatorship
Opis:
The focus of the study is the analysis of the elite at the regional and departmental levels of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC) in the period 1945–1956. Specifically, it deals with the holders of the administratively, most important function, that of political or later head secretary. However, it also respects an actual state of affairs within studied regions and departments and designates elite accordingly. Through methods of prosopography it examines social background of the selected elite and how these performed dominance in their respective domains. It comes to the conclusion that within the concerned period the social origins and power practices of the elite shifted dramatically in accordance with the transformations of the Czechoslovak state-socialist dictatorship itself. These changes did not happen continuously, but in conditions of strained hardships and major turnarounds. In the process, new or semi-new elite was created and revolutionary ethos gave way to stabilization and smooth performance of power.
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2018, 32; 186-210
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Around the Idea of Compromise. The activity of the Polish Peasant Party „New Liberation” on the forum of the State National Council and Parliament (with a particular emphasis on education)
Autorzy:
Skrzyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Polish Peasant Party „New Liberation”. Stanislaw Bańczyk
State National Council
Ignacy Klimaszewski
Legislative Sejm
Tadeusz Rek
Opis:
PSL „New Liberation” tried to win the villages. It highlighted its association with one of the major pre‑war left‑wing peasant parties: PSL „Liberation”. Before the war it had gathered many village teachers, focusing its attention on the modernization and development of education. The „New Liberation” declared great concern for the state (including education); it emphasized the importance of religion; it ensured that in the new political realities, an educated peasant „should not be a laughing stock, as it used to be previously, but a citizen enjoying full rights”. The party emphasized the role of peasant educational organizations: „the tremendous importance of this work, which seeks to abolish the eternal harm suffered by the neglected peasant child.” „New Liberation” persuaded the peasants that they should abandon their rivalry with the Communists and Socialists. The aim was to cooperate on equal terms. But, the idea of „New Liberation” to partially represent the interests of the village in the parliament was unreal. The „liberators” failed to notice the insincerity in PPR policy. The aim of this article is to recall the main activities of the Polish Peasant Party “New Liberation” on the forum of the State National Council and Parliament.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2017, 7, 2
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Patterns of Lutheran politics in a post-communist state: the case of Estonia
Paradygmaty polityki luterańskiej w kraju postkomunistycznym: przypadek Estonii
Autorzy:
Kilp, Alar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/441225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Europejska im. ks. Józefa Tischnera
Tematy:
Religion in party politics
civil religion
post-communism
Lutheran Church and state
religion and national identity secularization
religia
polityka partyjn
postkomunizm
religia obywatelska
Kościół luterański
państwo
tożsamość narodowa
sekularyzacja
Opis:
The article addresses two major issues: the legacy of the communist regime on the popular attitudes towards religion and the Church, and the patterns of religious politics and the political behaviour of the Lutheran Church in a traditionally Lutheran post-communist country. In Estonia, the general alienation from organized religion has, in addition to the experience of the communist regime, also been aided by a weak relationship between the Estonian national identity and the Lutheran church of the pre-communist period. Religious politics in post-communist Estonia follows four main types—civil religion, an unofficial neoliberal-conservative-clerical alliance, the emergence of a Christian-Protestant political party and a moderate anti-clerical left-wing religious ideology. In general, Lutheranism in Estonia provides a framework of religious politics, where religious symbols and values culturally unite the whole political community, and allows the ‘politics of religion’ and ‘religious politics’ to be interpreted to a large extent according to the private preferences of individual politicians and activist pastors.
Artykuł omawia dwa podstawowe zagadnienia: wpływ reżimu komunistycznego na obecny stosunek obywateli do religii i Kościoła oraz paradygmat polityki religijnej i zaangażowania politycznego ze strony Kościoła luterańskiego w kraju postkomunistycznym, tradycyjnie luterańskim, jakim jest Estonia. Jej obywatele w większości znajdują się poza instytucją zorganizowanej religii – spowodowane jest to doświadczeniem reżimu komunistycznego oraz słabym związkiem estońskiej tożsamości narodowej z Kościołem luterańskim przed epoką komunistyczną. Polityka religijna w postkomunistycznej Estonii przybiera cztery podstawowe formy: religii obywatelskiej, nieoficjalnego związku neoliberalno-konserwatywno-klerykalnego, chrześcijańsko-protestanckiej partii politycznej oraz umiarkowanej antyklerykalnej lewicowej ideologii religijnej. Ogólnie rzecz ujmując, luteranizm w Estonii definiuje i tworzy ramy polityki religijnej, w której symbole oraz wartości religijne stanowią kulturowy łącznik pomiędzy członkami wspólnoty politycznej. Kościół luterański poprzez swoje działania powoduje, że polityka religijna („politics of religion” i „religious politics”) może być definiowana w dużej mierze w zależności od indywidualnych preferencji poszczególnych polityków oraz zaangażowanych politycznie pastorów.
Źródło:
Kultura i Polityka; 2009, 6; 66-77
1899-4466
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Donald Trump as a Response to a Global Post-Cold War Liberal World
Donald Trump odpowiedzią na świat liberalnego globalizmu po zimnej wojnie
Autorzy:
Bryk, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Donald Trump’s presidency
liberal oligarchy
Republican Party
nation state
open society
post-1945 political order
prezydentura Donalda Trumpa
oligarchia liberalna
Partia Republikańska
państwo narodowe
porządek polityczny po 1945 roku
Opis:
Donald Trump utilizes conservative values and narrative to gain power in elections, causing profound social turmoil (to hell with political correctness) and successfully attempts to limit oligarchization of American political life. He was able to defeat Hilary Clinton with her vision of liberal oligarchy supported by identity clientele groups. Trump focused his rhetoric and policies on social solidarity in a nation state fueled by republican values, thus opposing both liberals and libertarians joined against him in a conflict of two models of common interest in V. Pareto’s understanding. Some similarities to Ronald Regan’s presidency are visible, albeit major differences (business background, massive personal wealth, lack of political experience or administrative career) must be noticed. Trump’s vision “Great America” is a construed temporal social phenomenon, based on rhetoric of greatness and power, used however to implement real and profound policy changes (e.g. nominations to SCOTUS and federal courts). Moreover, Trump saves Republicans from political stalemate or even crisis, as they regain a chance to reorient the political system in a radical manner. His political intuition and business experience allowed Trump to overthrow the rhetoric of political correctness, liberal dispersed censorship and newspeak dictate of public morality. Brutal rhetoric and peculiar sense of humor combined with sincere optimism of a “self-made man” and entrepreneurial mentality allowed Trump to survive both ostracism of elites and ferocious attack of liberal media. He established himself as a representative and voice of “Hard America” (M. Barone), opposed to liberal despise for the “deplorable”. Trump indentifies himself as a man of action, rough business player and a builder, America to him is a nation of builders. Trump’s victory is a symbolic ending of the American and Western order established after 1945.
Wygrane przez Donalda Trumpa – dzięki odwołaniu do wartości i narracji konserwatywnej – wybory prezydenckie wywołały wstrząs w społeczeństwie amerykańskim. Nowy prezydent z powodzeniem ograniczył postępującą oligarchizację życia politycznego Stanów Zjednoczonych. Zdołał pokonać Hilary Clinton z jej wizją państwa – oligarchii wspieranej przez klienckie grupy tożsamościowe. Trump skoncentrował swoją retorykę i kierunki polityki na solidarności społecznej w ramach państwa narodowego opartego na wartościach republikańskich. Stanął w opozycji zarówno do liberałów, jak i do libertarian złączonych w walce przeciwko niemu. Widać tu konflikt dwóch modeli interesu wspólnotowego w ujęciu Vilfredo Pareto. Ponadto dostrzec można podobieństwa do prezydentury Ronalda Regana, jednakże trudno pominąć zasadnicze rozbieżności (Trump – człowiek wielkiego biznesu z ogromnym majątkiem osobistym, niemający doświadczenia politycznego i niepełniący wcześniej funkcji publicznych). Sama wizja „wielkiej Ameryki” jest stworzonym przez Trumpa zjawiskiem społecznym, opartym na retoryce wielkości i władzy wykorzystywanej jednak przy wdrażaniu rzeczywistych zmian polityki państwa (np. nominacje sędziowskie). Oprócz tego nowy prezydent zapewnił Partii Republikańskiej wyjście z kryzysu, dając szansę na gruntowną i zasadniczą reorientację systemu politycznego USA. Intuicja polityczna i doświadczenie przedsiębiorcy pozwalają Trumpowi na obalenie monopolu retoryki politycznej poprawności wraz z moralnym dyktatem nowomowy i rozproszonymi formami cenzury. Brutalna retoryka i specyfi czne poczucie humoru towarzyszące autentycznemu optymizmowi self-made man, wraz z biznesową mentalnością, pozwoliły Donaldowi Trumpowi na przetrwanie ostracyzmu elit oraz zaciętych ataków mediów liberalnych. Nowy prezydent zajął miejsce trybuna „twardej Ameryki” (Michael Barone) stając w opozycji do liberalnej pogardy dla „godnych pożałowania”. Trump identyfikuje się jako budowniczy, człowiek działania, doświadczony i ostry gracz świata wielkich interesów. Sama Ameryka dlań to naród budowniczych. Nowa prezydentura jest również symbolicznym zakończeniem porządku ustanowionego w USA i Europie Zachodniej po roku 1945.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2019, 3; 17-38
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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