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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Chemical characterization and source identification of particulate matter PM 10 in a rural and urban site in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Samek, L.
    Zwoździak, A.
    Sówka, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207766.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    rozwój miast
    emisja pyłów
    analiza regresji
    pyły
    tereny miejskie
    tereny wiejskie
    koncentracja pyłów
    pyły zawieszone w powietrzu
    urban growth
    particulate emissions
    regression analysis
    particulate matter
    urban sites
    rural sites
    Opis:
    The measurements of PM 10 at two sites in Poland - a typical village and a big city considered urban background - indicated only a small difference in PM 10 concentrations. In summer time, the concentrations ofPMlO did not exceed the daily limit value of 50 jig/rn3 while in wintertime, the daily limit value was exceeded for almost all sampling days for both sites. Source contributions to ambient PM 10 were determined with factor analysis (FA) and multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) based on PM1O composition data including concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Pb and As. In the winter, local combustion sources contributed with 61% and 79% to total mass in the urban and rural sites, respectively, reflecting serious local or even regional problem associated with PMIO pollution. The episodic presence of As, the commonly known toxic element, requires a detailed study for better understanding of its temporal distribution both in the rural and urban atmosphere.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2013, 39, 4; 91-103
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the Particulate Filter Use in the Spark Ignition Engine Vehicle on the Exhaust Emission in Real Driving Emission Test
    Autorzy:
    Siedlecki, Maciej
    Szymlet, Natalia
    Sokolnicka, Barbara
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124146.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    Real Driving Emissions
    emission
    gasoline particulate filter
    particulate matter
    Opis:
    The introduction of new exhaust emissions norms for motor vehicles forces manufacturers to rely on th new technologies of exhaust gas aftertreatment and emission reduction. The past studies by the authors demonstrated a significant emission of nanoparticles from the gasoline engines with direct fuel injection, especially dangerous for the human health and life. The latest solution is a particulate filter designed for spark ignition engines, introduced in parallel with a norm limiting their number emission. The research conducted within the article concerned testing its effectiveness by measuring the vehicle equipped with and without the filter under real driving conditions. The drive cycle was made in accordance with the requirements of the RDE (Real Driving Emission) standard using PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) equipment. The values of harmful gaseous components and solid particles were measured in terms of mass and number. The comparison of emission results indicated a significant efficiency of the filter in terms of particle weight and number reduction. The dimensional distribution of particle diameters were also analyzed, which changed as a result of the filter. The authors believe that the filter efficiency is the result of much higher temperatures of exhaust gases than in the case of diesel engines, which causes the incineration.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 1; 120-127
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Particulate Matter in Atmospheric Air in Urban Agglomeration
    Autorzy:
    Marczak, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    particulate matter
    PM10
    dust emissions
    road transport
    Opis:
    The study aimed to determine the mass concentration of PM10 in the air in urban area. The specific objective of the research was to analyze and assess the impact of transport road emissions on the level of concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere in the Lublin agglomeration. The measuring points were located in places at different distances from the communications emission sources and, at the same time, possibly varying degrees of air pollution dust. Measuring the concentration of dust at the measuring points was performed using an indirect method using a laser photometer. In the research point which was not under direct influence of a heavy traffic road dust levels lower by 10.5% to 65.4% than in the vicinity of the transport route were reported. Small particle air pollution at all the points covered by the study increased significantly during the heating season. Based on the comparison of the obtained values of PM10 concentrations with legal standards, it was found that the air pollution exceeded the limits in all measurement points only during a series of measurements in the months of November-December. The recorded increase in air pollution during the heating season should be associated with an increased dust emissions in this period from the “low” emitters – local house boilers and detached houses.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 3; 149-155
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification of places with deteriorated air quality in city of Žilina in relation to road transport
    Autorzy:
    Šarkan, Branislav
    Loman, Michal
    Harantová, Veronika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200879.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    emissions
    air quality
    vehicles
    particulate matter
    carbon monoxide
    Opis:
    The aim of the research is to identify places with deteriorated air quality in the selected city. After an analytical analysis of the data, it is possible to propose steps that can be used to actively contribute to the reduction of air pollution, especially due to road traffic. Places where deteriorated air quality was identified were identified on the basis of practical measurements. Given that the measurement route was designed in a built-up area of the city with a large number of pedestrians, the research was primarily focused on the identification of particulate matters (PM) and the concentration of carbon monoxide CO. The measurements were performed repeatedly on a pre-defined route. The measurements were carried out repeatedly during the morning rush hour when traffic was congested on the roads. Based on the processing and evaluation of the measurements, the sections where increased values of individual emissions were recorded were determined. In this way, it is possible to precisely identify places where air quality deteriorates. The research conclusions provide support for planning the optimization of air quality management policies towards the creation of sustainable cities. The research results present the possibilities of identifying problematic sections from the point of view of emissions production. Critical places with regard to the production of emissions can be connected to places where a permanently increased movement of vehicles is observed.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2023, 102, 4; 68--90
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Exposure to Aerosols Particles on an Urban Road
    Autorzy:
    Piotrowicz, Adam
    Polednik, Bernard
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125234.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    ambient air quality
    vehicle emissions
    particulate matter
    health effects
    Opis:
    Traffic-related emissions, apart from emissions from fuel combustion for heating purposes, significantly deteriorate air quality in cities. The above mainly concerns areas located close to busy traffic routes. According to epidemiological studies, traffic-related emissions have an adverse health effect. This specifically affects commuters (drivers and car passengers) as well as pedestrians. The aim of this study was to determine the variations of particle number and mass concentrations along a busy road in Lublin, Poland and their impact on the particle exposure for commuters and pedestrians. On-route and fixed-site measurements were performed in the summer (June) with a focus on peak and off-peak traffic hours and road sections with low and high traffic intensity. During peak hours, the average number concentration of ultrafine particles (PN0.1) in the road section near 4-way traffic intersections (TIs) was about 2 times higher than during off-peak hours. The average mass concentration of fine particles (PM2.5) was also approximately twice as high than in off-peak hours. Similar relations were found for other measured aerosol particles as well as with respect to particle exposure. The obtained results indicate the need for further extended research on traffic-related emissions and exposure and the ways of limiting them.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 5; 27-34
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of after-treatment systems on NO2 emissions in diesel engines
    Autorzy:
    Żółtowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133605.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    emissions measurements
    aftertreatment system
    particulate filter
    pomiary emisji
    filtry cząstek stałych
    Opis:
    The article discusses the results of bench tests that monitor the increase of NO2 emissions in the heavy duty vehicles engines exhausts as a result of the use of particulate matter filters. The use of passive particulate matter filters inevitably leads to an increase in NO2 emissions from the engine. The particularly intensive increase in the emissions occurs when SCR reactors are shut off, which is still a common practice among drivers. NO2 concentrations in exhaust gases of DPF-equipped engines reach concentration dangerous for human health and life. The causes of the NO2 formation in the vehicles’ exhaust systems, the harmfulness of this chemical, and the results of NO2 measurements in different tests, are discussed. In addition, the effect of the presence of this compound on the accuracy of opacity measurement is discussed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 24-29
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Exhaust emissions of particulate matter from light-duty vehicles - an overview and the current situation
    Autorzy:
    Bielaczyc, P.
    Szczotka, A.
    Woodburn, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133061.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    particulate matter
    exhaust emissions
    PM
    PN
    chassis dynamometer testing
    cząstka stała
    emisja spalin
    Opis:
    Emissions of particulate matter associated with the use of light-duty vehicles are an increasingly important topic, with more and more political attention focused on this issue. Now that direct injection Diesel engines feature DPFs, particle emissions from other engine types operating on other fuels are also of great interest. This paper discusses the phenomenon in general, briefly reviews worldwide legislation and emissions limits and presents the results of a laboratory test programme measuring the particle emissions from a range of vehicles. The experimental programme showed that the engine/fuel type has a greater impact on particle emissions than the test conditions.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 227-238
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PM emission in the exhaust gas of SI engines fed with petrol or LPG
    Emisja cząstek stałych w spalinach silnika ZI zasilanego benzyną lub mieszaniną propanu i butanu
    Autorzy:
    Dutczak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133192.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    SI engine
    exhaust gas emissions
    particulate matter
    nanoparticles
    petrol
    LPG
    silnik ZI
    emisja spalin
    cząstki stałe
    nanocząstki
    benzyna
    Opis:
    The paper presents measurements of PM emission in the exhaust gas of a gasoline fueled SI engine alternatively fueled with LPG. The research was performed on a 170.A1 engine using the Dekati ELPI+ PM analyzer and Micro Diluter 6100 (a micro-dilution tunnel). The author also measured the concentration of exhaust gaseous components with the use of Horiba MEXA 1500GH analyzer. The author compared the PM concentration and size distribution in the exhaust gas for both fuels.
    W artykule przedstawiono pomiary emisji cząstek stałych (PM) w spalinach silnika ZI zasilanego benzyną albo skroploną mieszaniną propanu i butanu. Badania przeprowadzono na silniku 170.A1 z użyciem analizatora cząstek stałych Dekati ELPI+ wyposażonego w minitunel rozcieńczający Micro Diluter 6100. Równocześnie dokonano pomiaru stężenia gazowych składników spalin za pomocą analizatora Horiba MEXA 1500GH. Zmierzono stężenie oraz rozkład wielkości i liczbę cząstek stałych w spalinach, a następnie porównano uzyskane wyniki dla obu paliw.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 3; 36-44
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Engine-generated solid particles - a case study
    Autorzy:
    Szramowiat, K.
    Woodburn, J.
    Pacura, W.
    Berent, K.
    Bielaczyc, P.
    Gołaś, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134094.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    engine emissions
    particulate matter
    nanoparticles
    scanning electron microscopy
    SEM
    morphology
    emisja spalin
    cząstki stałe
    nanocząstki
    elektronowy mikroskop skaningowy
    morfologia
    Opis:
    Current ecological trends and resulting legislation like European emissions standards Euro 6d or Best Available Techniques are setting new challenges in the field of environmental protection. Since the problem of emissions of particulate matter from diesel engines was solved by the application of diesel particulate filters (DPFs or FAPs) and due to the global dominance of gasoline fuelled passenger cars, particular concern has been focused on improvement of emissions performance of gasoline vehicles, including hybrids, as well as heavy-duty and non-road vehicles. This paper presents the results of preliminary studies on the chemical and physical properties of gasoline engine-generated particles, including nanoparticles. SEM images were presented which allowed identification of the character of particulate matter and estimates of the dimensions of particles. Moreover, the particles were found to be composed of different elements, including Cu, Si, Na, Ca, Zn and P, pointing to the origination of these particles from the pistons and lubricant additives.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 3; 33-39
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimating shipping emissions – A case study for cargo Port of Zadar, Croatia
    Autorzy:
    Knezević, V.
    Pavin, Z.
    Čulin, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063981.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Port of Zadar
    air pollutant emission
    estimating shipping emissions
    nitrogen oxides
    particulate matter
    volatile organic compounds
    carbon dioxide
    green port
    Opis:
    Reducing air pollutant emissions and energy consumption, as a necessary step to make ports more sustainable, is one of the crucial tasks and challenges of port management. Some of the port strategies to meet the term “green port” usually include reducing fuel consumption from vessels and vehicles in ports. This paper estimates the emission inventory of maritime traffic for the cargo Port of Zadar. For this research, emissions from cargo ships are estimated in the period from January 01. 2018 until October 01. 2019. The “bottom-up” methodology has been applied for estimating emissions, which includes detailed data on the ship’s characteristics (engine power, the load factor, fuel type, the emission factor) and time spent cruising and hotelling. The emissions from cargo ships have been estimated for three ship’s activities: cruising in the reduced speed zone, hotelling (time spent at berth), and maneuvering. The emission results (tons/year) refer to the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) which represents greenhouse gases. Estimating emission inventory is the first step for planning effective port air quality control. Some recommendations for reducing emissions in port areas are emphasized in this paper.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 615--620
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Health hazard related to fine road dust in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Penkała, Magdalena
    Bihałowicz, Jan Stefan
    Rogula-Kozłowska, Wioletta
    Rogula-Kopiec, Patrycja
    Klik, Barbara
    Bihałowicz, Joanna
    Lewicka, Sylwia
    Olszowski, Tomasz
    Majewski, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342695.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    particulate matter
    road dust
    abrasion of the road surface
    exhaust emissions
    pył zawieszony
    pył drogowy
    ścieranie nawierzchni drogowej
    emisja spalin
    Opis:
    Air pollution emissions from road vehicles majorly contribute to particulate pollution. This poses significant threats to the environment and human health. Road dust contains various potentially toxic elements, which, when exposed to humans, can lead to severe illnesses such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This study assessed adult health risks through accidental ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact associated with heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in road dust (with a fraction size < 0.1 mm). The analysis covers areas between sound-absorbing screens (S), in open spaces without screens (F), and at highway/express exits (E) with different surfaces: asphalt (A) and concrete (C). Results indicate the highest health risk levels are associated with Zn in road dust in S and E areas, indicating its potential negative impact on human health. When comparing results for all metals, road dust collected from A surfaces might pose a greater health risk than C surfaces. The carcinogenic risk for Cr and Ni found in road dust collected from A and C surfaces at points S, F, and E is medium. The most significant carcinogenic risk (medium-high) is associated with Cr in road dust from A surfaces in the F area, whereas the lowest risk (low-medium) for both A and C surfaces is linked to Ni exposure in the S point. The contributions of Cr and Ni highlight the need to reduce emissions of these elements in areas surrounding heavily trafficked roads.
    Źródło:
    Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology; 2023, 28, 1-2; 79-92
    2084-4506
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Directions in vehicle efficiency and emissions
    Autorzy:
    Johnson, T. V.
    Joshi, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133977.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    greenhouse gases
    vehicle emissions
    regulations
    engines
    aftertreatment
    NOx
    diesel oxidation catalyst
    selective catalytic reduction
    diesel particulate filter
    gasoline particulate filter
    gazy cieplarniane
    przepisy prawne
    silniki
    katalizator utleniania oleju napędowego
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    filtr cząstek stałych
    Opis:
    This paper provides a general review of light-duty (LD) and heavy-duty (HD) regulations, engine technology, and key emission control strategies. The US is placing a stronger emphasis on laboratory emissions, and the LD regulations are about an order of magnitude tighter than Euro 6, but Europe is focusing on real-world reductions. The California HD low-NOx regulation is advancing and may be proposed in 2017/18 for implementation in 2023+. The second phase of US HD greenhouse gas regulations propose another 25-30% tightening beyond Phase 1, beginning in 2021. LD and HD engine technology continues showing marked improvements in engine efficiency. LD gasoline concepts are closing the gap with diesel. HD engines are demonstrating more than 50% BTE using methods that can reasonably be commercialized. LD and HD diesel NOx technology trends are also summarized. NOx storage catalysts and SCR combinations are the lead approach to meeting the LD regulations. Numerous advanced NOx technologies are being evaluated and some promise for meeting the California HD low NOx targets. Oxidation catalysts are improved for both diesel and methane oxidation applications. Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are the lead approach to reducing particles from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. They reduce PAH emissions, and catalyzed versions can be designed for low back pressure. Regeneration largely occurs during hot decelerations.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 3-8
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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