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Tytuł:
Analysis of Trabzon Monopoly building revitalization, architectural design competition
Autorzy:
Topaloğlu, Gürkan
Beşgen, Asu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
transformation
architectural design competition
historical city
Trabzon Monopoly building
transformacja
konkurs
projekt architektoniczny
miasto historyczne
Trabzon Monopoly
Opis:
The aim of the article is to identify an upper scale + subscale evaluation method based on the decisions and approaches of awarded architectural design competition projects carried out in the historical environment. In the first stage, within the scope of the upper scale evaluation method, the decisions about the environment of the awarded projects were examined in the headings of roads, city walls/fortifications and Atapark. In the second stage, the approaches of the awarded projects belonging to the building proposals were examined with a subscale, within the scope of design, preservation and re-functioning approaches.
Źródło:
Przestrzeń i Forma; 2022, 52; 103--116
1895-3247
2391-7725
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzeń i Forma
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Financial issues and challenges of tobacco producers: a case study from Albanian producers
Autorzy:
Sulillari, Junada
Nasto, Kostandin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
tobacco
monopoly
producer
damage
financial profits
Opis:
The aim of this research paper is to realize an analysis of the tobacco market in Albania. We will be focused on some of the elements that have characterized this market, like the existence of monopoly situation. The study will help us reveal some of the problems that the monopoly as a competitive structure may have brought. We also want to treat some of the issues or problems that tobacco producers face. We want also to see how much they are supported from the government and also want to discover their opinion about different issues regarding the way in which this market functions. The results showed that there are several problems that tobacco producers in Albania face. These problems are related with the market competitive structure and also with the governmental intervention. Informality has been one of the elements that have been followed by some other problems for the producers; such as uncertainties for the producers. So the study revealed that not everything is going well for tobacco producers in Albania. One of the main elements that have done the producers not satisfied as been the lack of the necessary support from the government, which should be more helpful toward them. tobacco, monopoly, producer, damage, financial profits Celem tego artykułu badawczego jest przeprowadzenie analizy rynku tytoniu w Albanii. Skoncentrujemy się na niektórych elementach charakteryzujących ten rynek, takich jak istnienie sytuacji monopolistycznej. Badanie po-może nam odkryć niektóre problemy, jakie mógł przynieść monopol jako struktura konkurencyjna. Chcemy również zająć się niektórymi problemami lub problemami, przed którymi stają producenci tytoniu. Chcemy także zobaczyć, jak bardzo są wspierani przez rząd, a także poznać ich opinie na temat różnych kwestii dotyczących sposobu funkcjonowania tego rynku. Wyniki pokazały, że istnieje kilka problemów, z którymi borykają się producenci tytoniu w Albanii. Problemy te są związane ze strukturą konkurencyjną rynku, a także z interwencją rządową. Nieformalność była jednym z elementów, po których nastąpiły inne problemy dla producentów; takie jak niepewność producentów. Badanie wykazało zatem, że nie wszystko idzie dobrze producentom tytoniu w Albanii. Jednym z głównych elementów, które sprawiły, że producenci nie byli zadowoleni, był brak niezbędnego wsparcia ze strony rządu, które powinno być dla nich bardziej pomocne.
Celem tego artykułu badawczego jest przeprowadzenie analizy rynku tytoniu w Albanii. Skoncentrujemy się na niektórych elementach charakteryzujących ten rynek, takich jak istnienie sytuacji monopolistycznej. Badanie po-może nam odkryć niektóre problemy, jakie mógł przynieść monopol jako struktura konkurencyjna. Chcemy również zająć się niektórymi problemami lub problemami, przed którymi stają producenci tytoniu. Chcemy także zobaczyć, jak bardzo są wspierani przez rząd, a także poznać ich opinie na temat różnych kwestii dotyczących sposobu funkcjonowania tego rynku. Wyniki pokazały, że istnieje kilka problemów, z którymi borykają się producenci tytoniu w Albanii. Problemy te są związane ze strukturą konkurencyjną rynku, a także z interwencją rządową. Nieformalność była jednym z elementów, po których nastąpiły inne problemy dla producentów; takie jak niepewność producentów. Badanie wykazało zatem, że nie wszystko idzie dobrze producentom tytoniu w Albanii. Jednym z głównych elementów, które sprawiły, że producenci nie byli zadowoleni, był brak niezbędnego wsparcia ze strony rządu, które powinno być dla nich bardziej pomocne.
Źródło:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences; 2020, 11(1); 127-138
2450-2146
2451-1064
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insights from the Slovak Hybrid Mail Services Case. Case Comment to the Judgement of the General Court of 25 March 2015 and Order of Court of Justice of the EU of 30 June 2016 Slovenská pošta v Commission (Cases T-556/08, C-293/15P)
Autorzy:
Kačerauskas, Karolis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
dominant position
postal sector
statutory monopoly
Opis:
The Slovak hybrid mail services case (or Slovenska posta case) is truly unique in EU jurisprudence. Within the last decade, the European Commission rarely applied Article 106(1) in conjunction with Article 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions in individual cases. Thus Slovenska posta constitutes one of the rare examples of such enforcement. Slovenska posta also constitutes a very rare example of a judicial review of Commission decisions based on Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU. Slovenska posta is only the second case when European courts were called upon to review the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU by the Commission and the first when the judicial review was conducted over a Commission decision regarding “failure to meet the demand”. Indeed, since 1989-1990 (when the Commission commenced to apply Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions introduced by the Member States) and until 2014, when the Court of Justice adopted its decision in Greek lignite (DEI) case , none of the Commission decisions was reviewed by EU courts. Such lack of appeals resulted in a rather strange situation under which the Commission and CJEU developed their own jurisprudence on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU and occasionally interpreted the same legal criteria differently. In this regard, a court review in Slovenska posta was eagerly awaited in the hope it would reconcile these diverging positions and provide more clarity on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(16); 191-204
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of licenses in public utility services provision – 19th century experiences
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683795.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
natural monopoly
license
public utility
competition
municipalization
Opis:
The subject of this article is a part of a broader debate related to the participation of the private sector in the execution of public services. It concerns those services which are provided to recipients in the conditions of a natural monopoly, based on a license (so with the privilege of exclusivity) awarded to private companies for executing the state’s tasks. This paper aims at outlining the reasons behind the implementation of similar solutions and the problems related to entrusting the private party with satisfying public needs – problems which revealed a conflict of interest between the parties of the licensing contract.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 3-18
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Amendment of Ukrainian Electoral Law and the Principle of Alternation in Power (Parliamentary Election in 2012)
Zmiana ukraińskiej ordynacji wyborczej a zasada alternacji władzy (wybory parlamentarne w 2012 r.).
Autorzy:
Prokop, Maryana
Galewska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
alternation in power
monopoly
parliamentary election
election
Opis:
The objective of this article is to attempt to analyse the new regulations in The Law of the Ukraine in Elections of People’s Deputies of Ukraine of November 17, 2011 in the context of the guarantee of compliance with the principle of alternation in power. The authors ask questions is the answer to the following question: To what extent do the new regulations in electoral law guarantee the principle of alternation in power and to what extent do they contribute to the monopoly of the ruling party. Considering the research problem presented in the introduction it is necessary to state that, on the one hand, partial guarantee’s of the principle alternation in power is a characteristic trait of the Ukrainian electoral system, while on the other hand, aspiration of the ruling party to maintain its monopoly is also fairly evident.
Artykuł porusza zagadnienia analizy nowych zapisów ustawy o wyborach deputowanych do Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy z 17 listopada 2011 r. w kontekście gwarancji zasady alternacji władzy. Autorki stawiają pytanie o to w jakim stopniu nowe zapisy ordynacji wyborczej zapewniają zasadę alternację władzy a w jakim stopniu prowadzą do monopolu partii rządzącej. Autorki rozstrzygając postawiony we wstępie problem badawczy, doszły do wniosków, że specyfiką ukraińskiego systemu wyborczego jest z jednej strony częściowe zagwarantowanie zasady alternacji władzy, z drugiej wyraźne dążenie partii rządzącej do utrzymania jej monopolu. Daje to podstawy twierdzić, że przykład ten możemy traktować jako pewnego rodzaju hybrydę między antynomicznymi punktami continuum.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2013, 40; 19-32
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On The Comprehensive Regulation of the Sphere of Public Documents in Poland
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, Remigiusz
Wachowski, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1976320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
public documents
identification security
national security
PWPW
monopoly
Opis:
This paper offers an analysis of a draft bill on Public Documents together with implementing acts. It focuses, in particular, on the key regulations concerning the list of public documents and their classification, on the process of document specimen design as well as on the exclusivity granted to the producer of blank forms of documents of the first category, examining the impact of the analysed regulations on the system of public document security. The analysis leads to a conclusion that the draft bill has some essential drawbacks which may make the law in question inconsistent with EU law and reduce the level of public document security. These drawbacks have been identified and appropriate corrections have been suggested.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2018, 10, 4; 189-217
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks on Dynamic Monopolies with Given Average Thresholds
Autorzy:
Centeno, Carmen C.
Rautenbach, Dieter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
dynamic monopoly
degenerate set
vertex cover
independent set
Opis:
Dynamic monopolies in graphs have been studied as a model for spreading processes within networks. Together with their dual notion, the generalized degenerate sets, they form the immediate generalization of the classical notions of vertex covers and independent sets in a graph. We present results concerning dynamic monopolies in graphs of given average threshold values extending and generalizing previous results of Khoshkhah et al. [On dynamic monopolies of graphs: The average and strict majority thresholds, Discrete Optimization 9 (2012) 77-83] and Zaker [Generalized degeneracy, dynamic monopolies and maximum degenerate subgraphs, Discrete Appl. Math. 161 (2013) 2716-2723].
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2015, 35, 1; 133-140
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tobacco Taxation in Old-Time Poland
Autorzy:
Naworski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803116.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-25
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
snuff
tobacco monopoly
duty
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Lithuania
Crown
Opis:
The article deals with taxation of tobacco and tobacco products in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After tobacco was imported into Poland, its use spread extremely quickly; initially it was used as snuff, and from the 18th century onwards, smoking in pipes became prevalent. Importantly, tobacco and tobacco products were then regarded as a medicine to prevent and cure almost all diseases. Duties on tobacco/snuff were first imposed in 1643 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in the Crown tobacco monopoly was introduced in 1659. From that time, tobacco/snuff duties were imposed regularly in Lithuania; in the Crown duty on these products was imposed once again in 1677, and then in the 1690s tobacco monopoly ended throughout the Polish Republic. The issue was revived only in the times of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, when tobacco monopoly was introduced, initially managed by a private company called Kompania Tabaczna, and then, in the 1690s, by the state-owned Manipulacja Tabaczna. However, over the whole period under consideration, revenues from tobacco/snuff taxation were relatively small.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2019, 28, 1; 57-77
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can Coordination Between the Producer and the Distributor in the Process of Calculating Prices and Their Structure in the Tariff Process Be Regarded as Legally Prohibited, Having Regard to the Provisions of Sectorial Regulation and the Regulatory Practice? Case Comment to Decision of the President of UOKiK of 3 December 2020, DOK-5/2020
Autorzy:
Elżanowski, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
tariff
monopoly
competition
restrictive agreement
competition authority
regulatory body
Opis:
This is a case study analysis based on the decision No. DOK-5/2020 issued by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (hereinafter: UOKiK) of 3 December 2020. The main part of the text will be devoted to the analysis of the scope of competences of the President of Energy Regulatory Office (hereinafter: URE) (the NRA) and the President of UOKiK (the NCA) regarding the regulation of heat prices (taking into account Polish and EU doctrine and jurisprudence). In contrast to other publications on the relationship between the competences of the President of URE and the President of UOKiK in supervising the heat market, the paper will focus on the following issues: the process of exchanging information between generators and distributors, the practice of tariff proceedings before the President of URE and the role of the President of UOKiK in the process of tariffing heat prices. The conclusion of the text will be that due to the provisions of Polish energy law, the role of the President of URE in the tariff process, the public nature of tariff applications and approved tariffs, no unauthorised coordination of information exchange between heating companies is possible. The thesis will be supported by de lege ferenda arguments.
Ce commentaire est basé sur la décision n° DOK-5/2020 émise par le président de l’Office polonais de la concurrence et de la protection des consommateurs (ci-après: UOKiK) du 3 décembre 2020. La partie principale du texte est dédiée à l’analyse de la portée des compétences du président de l’Office de régulation de l’énergie (ci-après : URE) et du président de l’UOKiK en ce qui concerne la régulation des prix de la chaleur (en tenant compte de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence polonaises et européennes). Contrairement à d’autres publications sur la relation entre les compétences du président de l’URE et du président de l’UOKiK dans la supervision du marché de la chaleur, le commentarie se focalise sur les questions suivantes: le processus d’échange d’informations entre les producteurs et les distributeurs, la pratique des procédures tarifaires devant le président de l’URE et le rôle du président de l’UOKiK dans le processus de tarification des prix de la chaleur. La conclusion du commentaire est qu’en raison des dispositions de la loi polonaise sur l’énergie, du rôle du président de l’URE dans le processus de tarification, du caractère public des demandes de tarifs et des tarifs approuvés, aucune coordination non autorisée de l’échange d’informations entre les sociétés de chauffage n’est possible. La thèse sera soutenue par des arguments de lege ferenda.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2021, 14, 24; 187-206
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Degree of monopoly and market power vs. price flexibility in Polish economy: empirical analysis based on COICOP classification
Autorzy:
Umiński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
degree of monopoly
market power
price rigidity
COICOP
Polska
Opis:
Research background: The issue of price flexibility is crucial in the economy both in the aspect of company theory and its macroeconomic consequences. In a number of publications, the sources of variable price flexibility are linked to the market power of enterprises as well as the market structure that has developed in a given branch. It is difficult to indicate empirical studies that would state clearly whether price flexibility depends on the degree of monopoly or the market power of enterprises. This paper concerns that particular field of study. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to present the statistical dependence of the degree of monopoly and market power vs. price flexibility in the economy. Methods: The analysis has been conducted using aggregated data concerning Polish economy in the period from 2001 to 2013, based on COICOP. The degree of monopoly indicator was the average number of companies in a given branch, following the classical models of market structures; the market power indicator was the average net revenue from sales of products per enterprise representing a given branch; the measure of price flexibility was the probability of price variation estimated using the Calvo pricing model. It is, therefore, a frequency-based approach to price flexibility. Statistical dependence was analyzed using the Spearman's rank and Kendall's tau correlation coefficient and simple regression models. Findings & Value added: The outcomes indicate that in the case of Poland in the analyzed period there is no statistically significant relation between the degree of monopoly and price flexibility and also between the market power and price flexibility. Thus, the findings of the analysis support the studies which reject the assumption that higher degree of monopoly or higher market power of an enterprise is followed by less flexible prices.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2020, 11, 1; 11-28
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Green” Managerial Delegation and Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility in Different Market Structures
Autorzy:
Buccella, Domenico
Wojna, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
environmental corporate social responsibility
“green” managerial delegation
duopoly
monopoly
entry deterrence
Opis:
Purpose: Assuming a duopoly industry with pollution producing processes, the aim of this work is to study the firms’ choice to engage in Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR) by means of “green” managerial delegation, i.e. hiring managers with preferences for environmental concerns to whom owners delegate both sales and decisions to adopt green technology. Methodology: Depending on the firms’ strategic choices, a two/three-stage game takes place solved by the backward induction method to obtain sub-game perfect Nash equilibria. Results: When the market structure is a Cournot duopoly, and the environmental sensitivity of “green” managers is extremely low, then the engagement in ECSR is the firms’ dominant strategy, regardless of the efficiency level of the available abatement technology. Nonetheless, firms are cast into a prisoner’s dilemma. On the other hand, if “green” managers have low-intermediate to intermediate environmental sensitivity, then either no ECSR, multiple symmetric equilibria, or ECSR engagement can emerge as a result in equilibrium. Finally, if managers’ environmental sensitivity is adequately high, then firms do not engage in ECSR. When a market entry game is considered with the Stackelberg competition in which the incumbent adopts ECSR while the entrant does not, socially responsible behaviors cause the market to be more contestable. However, the incumbent’s owners can use ECSR to secure a dominant position in the market, provided that they hire “green” managers with adequate environmental concerns. Implications: In the case of entry, non-trivial policy implications arise. Due to increased competition, the welfare of consumers improves (lower prices for the goods). However, the entry of a polluting firm increases emissions. Higher emissions damage consumers and lower the overall social welfare of an environmentally concerned government. Thus, a complete welfare analysis is required prior to the design of a government’s regulatory intervention. Originality/Value: This paper is the first that introduces the figure of the “green” manager who shows, in its utility function, an environmental concern.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2019, 27(4); 2-22
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenges to Ukraine’s energy security in the 21st century
Autorzy:
Nikolayenko, Natalia
Kravchuk, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
hybrid war
energy security
competitiveness
monopoly power
fuel and energy complex
Opis:
The article describes the main challenges to the energy security of Ukraine in the 21st c., including the context of hybrid warfare. As modern armed conflicts actively use the economic component (energy) alongside the military actions, it is expedient to focus on the energy sector characteristics of the Ukrainian economy. The article discusses the main sources of threats and challenges to Ukraine’s energy security and the keystones of energy strategy for the next decade, followed by the analysis of several indicators of energy security and their dynamics in the years 2010–2014. A brief presentation of Russian military and economic impact on the energy security of Ukraine concludes the text.  
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2018, 1
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contemporary Monopolies in the Polish Economy – the Case Study of PWPW
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, Remigiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
monopoly
identification security
transactional security
PWPW
key interest of state security
Opis:
The paper presents the role of PWPW, as a company with some attributes of a natural monopoly, in contemporary Polish economy. It shows that commercial companies – performing special tasks which are necessary for the functioning of state and which concern identification as well as transactional security and at the same time take advantages of the economy of scale and range as a condition of their presence and development – have a logically justified place in the economy. They are a source of benefits for shareholders in the form of taxes, divi-dends and other economic benefits, as well as the value of the company itself. Moreover, they are creators of domestic employment and they enrich the national potential of technology. Also, such firms provide a right level of identification and transactional security, which influences the stability and reliability of legal and economic relations.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2014, 5, 3; 127-152
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On revocation of the lawyer’s monopoly through introducing the professional institution of legal advisers
Autorzy:
Riabov, Dmytro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
lawyer’s monopoly
lawyer
legal adviser
Republic of Poland
legal counselor
representation
Opis:
The article studies the legal nature of the introduction of the lawyer’s monopoly in Ukraine. The author notes the introduction of the lawyer’s monopoly in Ukraine had to take four steps. However, at the last stage of the introduction of the lawyer’s monopoly, the legislator amended the procedural codes regulating the course of civil, commercial, and administrative proceedings. With these changes, the legislator expanded the concept “self-representation” by substituting the concept of “representation”. In addition, the legislator brought in a draftto revoke the lawyer’s monopoly which was approved by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The scientist states that the relevant strategy of abolishing the lawyer’s monopoly is not a positive phenomenon. The introduction of court representation of citizens, business entities, state bodies, central and local authorities by a professional institute of advocacy is an upside in reforming the Ukrainian legal system. However, according to the author, the profession of a lawyer is primarily aimed at providing defense in criminal proceedings or when bringing to administrative responsibility or considering a case of an administrative offense. At the same time, the scientist marks that the reversion to the previous wording of Article 131-2 of the Constitution of Ukraine is inadmissible since the provision of legal services in Ukraine should be carried out professionally. After analyzing the legislation of the Republic of Poland, the author has concluded that lawyers and legal advisers, who carry out practical legal activities on a professional basis and permits, provide the public with legal aid. However, the only difference between a lawyer and a legal adviser in the Republic of Poland is that the latter cannot provide legal assistance in criminal proceedings, unlike a lawyer. Therefore, to create a professional and competitive market of legal services in Ukraine, the researcher proposes to borrow the experience of the Republic of Poland and introduce a professional institute of legal advisers in Ukraine, as this profession is legally identified in Ukraine.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2021, 17; 155-166
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Big 4’ influence on audit market
Autorzy:
Tache, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1356346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
IFRS
Big 4
audit fees
financial reporting
accounting standards
monopoly
audit market
Opis:
The main purpose of this paper is to determine the impact that Big 4 companies have had after the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) became mandatory on the audit market. Thus, after thorough research of the specialised studies, the impact of the financial reporting based on IFRS is analysed, while considering that Big 4 companies have created a strong monopoly that led to several changes on the audit market. All the companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange that traded premium shares from 2011 to 2019 were analysed. With the use of ANOVA analysis, this paper verifies if the profitability, shareholders’ funds, firm size and the size of the business group influence the choice of the audit firm. Our results confirm that the choice of an audit firm is influenced by the shareholders’ funds, number of employees and the size of the business group. Besides, this paper presents an analysis of the changes that have occurred from 2011–2019 on the audit market of Romania.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2020, 7, 54; 143 - 156
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18

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