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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    When Is Genocide a Crime of Genocide? The Holodomor and the Katyn Massacre as a Crime of Genocide
    Autorzy:
    Masło, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40248949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    Katyn Massacre
    genocide
    Holodomor
    Opis:
    The Holodomor and Katyn Massacre are founding crimes of the USSR and the Eastern Bloc’s state. Their common feature was an attempt to annihilate nations and prevent them from achieving independence. Quite often, both crimes are called genocide, but their legal qualification from the perspective of the then international law is extremely difficult. However, there are solid grounds for qualifying both of these crimes, and particularly the Katyn Massacre, as genocide. As a result of the development of the law of armed conflicts in international law in the 1930s and 1940s, there was a ban on committing acts that the 1948 Convention defined as genocide.
    Źródło:
    Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, Special Issue; 31-54
    2545-384X
    Pojawia się w:
    Review of European and Comparative Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Katyn – Golgotha of the East
    Autorzy:
    Jaroszek, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676675.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    Katyn massacre
    stalinism
    genocide
    NKVD
    Opis:
    Poland has experienced two cruel systems. One of them was fascism, symbolized by the German Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. The second one was Stalinism, Katyn will remain its symbol forever. For over 50 years, no other issue in Polish-Soviet relations was as concealed as the Katyn massacre. In this essay, I will talk about the genocide in 1940 on 22,000 Poles (soldiers and civilians), investigations in this matter, and the fight for the truth. Everyone knew that any public statement about this crime could have significant consequences, such as dismissal from work or school expulsion. The Katyn genocide was a war crime that was first concealed and then distorted for the longest time. It can be said that it was a crime against the Polish nation.For many years, the press, radio, and television did not talk about it. On April 13, 2020, Polish people celebrated the Katyn Massacre Remembrance Day. In the spring of the year 1940, during two months in and around Katyn (currently in Russia), executioners from the NKVD, ordered by the Soviet authorities, murdered 21,857 prisoners of war with a shot in the back of the head. NKVD-People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. This enormously evil deed of the Bolsheviks is called the Golgotha of the East. Golgotha is a place near Jerusalem where convicts were executed. Christians believe that Jesus Christ was crucified in this place. Similarly, innocent Polish officers were killed at this place of execution. The name of the crime comes from the village of Katyń near Smolensk, where victims were murdered and buried.
    Źródło:
    Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2022, 31, 1; 141-151
    1231-1634
    Pojawia się w:
    Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Popular Justice or Why Were There No Sans-Culottes in America?
    Autorzy:
    Dobrowolski, Paweł T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953841.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Revolution
    Boston
    Paris
    massacre
    Bastille
    violence
    Opis:
    The article applies a comparative perspective to assess the onset of the two ‘successful’ eighteen-century revolutions – the American and the French. The Boston events of March 1770 are compared with those of Paris in July 1789: in both cases ‘the people’ faced the soldiers, riots and politically generated violence led to bloodshed, but the subsequent actions of the insurgents showed a marked difference in understanding the sense of justice and the ways of promoting revolutionary discourse. Boston patriots relied on the English-based system of common law, were ready to condemn their own radicals and did not wish plebeian justice to prevail. They hoped for a perestroika, not for a revolution. The French – finding no culprits to condemn, and having as of yet no legal institutions of their own to use – were willing to disregard the legal continuity of the state and to search for more radical solutions.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2017, 124, 1
    0023-5903
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Historyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Remembrance of the Katyń Massacre and President Lech Kaczyńskis Concept of Polish-Russian Relations [2005-2010]
    Autorzy:
    Wawrzyński, Patryk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023699.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    President of Poland
    Katyń Massacre
    Polish air force
    Opis:
    Lech Kaczyński’s tragic death was a direct cause of the détente in PolishRussian relations, proclaimed by Prime Minister Donald Tusk and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin just after the Polish Air Force Tu-154 Crash. However this rapprochement is far from the political concept of the President. Considering the Polish internal debate on a proper form of Polish-Russian relations, I would like – in this short article to present a way as to how President Kaczyński understood challenges, that both nations have to pick up.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 507-525
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Consequences of the Nagorno–Karabakh War for Azerbaijan and the Undeniable Reality of Khojaly Massacre: A View from Azerbaijan
    Autorzy:
    Abilov, Shamkhal
    Isayev, Ismayil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594903.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    the Nagorno–Karabakh War
    Khojaly Massacre
    Azerbaijan
    Armenia
    Opis:
    This article seeks to study the consequences of the Nagorno–Karabakh war for Azerbaijan: thus analyzes findings on occupied territories, casualties, and damages of the war from economic, political, and social perspectives. The utmost brutality and atrocity of the overall conflict is memorized with Khojaly Massacre committed against Azerbaijani civilians on 26 February 1992. Hence, the article unveils evidences through the scrutiny of secondary data from academic sources, publications, and news materials published by international media. The particular focus of the study is concentrated on to what extend special plan was prepared deliberately for ethnic cleansing in Khojaly during the Nagorno–Karabakh war.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2016, 45; 291-303
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Katyn Massacre – Basic Facts
    Autorzy:
    Komaniecka, Monika
    Samsonowska, Krystyna
    Szpytma, Mateusz
    Zechenter, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668509.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Katyn massacre
    Soviet policy
    All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
    Opis:
    Katyn is a symbol of the criminal policy of the Soviet system against the Polish nation. The present study aims to demonstrate the basic facts of Katyn massacre – the execution of almost 22,000 people: Polish prisoners of war in Katyn, Kharkov, Kalinin (Tver) and also other Polish prisoners (soldiers and civilians), which took place in the spring of 1940 in different places of the Soviet Ukraine and Belarus republics based on the decision of the Soviet authorities, that is the Political Bureau of All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of March 5, 1940. This article refers not only to the massacre itself, but also its origin, historical processes and the lies accompanying Katyn massacre.
    Źródło:
    The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2013, 3, 2
    2391-6559
    2083-8018
    Pojawia się w:
    The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Adam Franciszek Epler (1902–1940): A Forgotten Musician of Interwar Lviv
    Autorzy:
    Gurgul, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159098.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
    Tematy:
    Adam Epler
    Lviv
    guitar
    mandolin orchestra
    Polish Radio
    Katyn massacre
    victim
    Opis:
    This article is an introduction to the artistic profile of a Polish conductor, composer and guitarist Adam Franciszek Epler. This forgotten creative persona left the artistic legacy of compositions and arrangements for mandolin orchestra ensemble. Moreover, he was the first Polish guitarist playing Polish lute music, a founder of the first Polish guitar trio named Lwowskie Trio Gitarowe and a musician in the most popular interwar radio broadcast Wesoła Lwowska Fala. As a composer and conductor of the Orchestra of Mandolin Society “Hejnał” from Lviv, he also took part in numerous radio broadcasts of Polish Radio Lviv. His musical activities, similarly to the entire mandolin heritage in Poland and guitar history in interwar Poland, requires further research, and this article is one of the first contributions to these research topics.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2020, 2(45) ENG; 23-58
    2956-4107
    2353-7094
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Children of State Police Offi cers and Soldiers of the Polish Army in NKVD Special Camps
    Autorzy:
    Fałdowska, Maryla
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    security
    humanitarian law
    Geneva Convention
    Soviet captivity
    juvenile prisoners of war
    Katyń massacre
    Opis:
    The article presents issues concerning juvenile prisoners of three special camps in Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostashkov. The author draws attention to the lack of definition of the legal status of minors after 1918, and thus — the lack of provisions on ensuring the safety of children in the international standards governing the treatment of prisoners of war in force during World War II and internal legal acts of the Soviet Union. The article emphasizes that the participation of children in armed conflicts was regulated as late as ten years after the outbreak of World War II in international humanitarian law, adopting on 12 August 1949 “The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War” (Fourth Geneva Convention), under which children are entitled to special treatment or protection measures. The provisions of conventions protecting children during the war included, among others, regulations concerning the creation of special zones and sanitary facilities, evacuation from the besieged zone, provision of necessary food and clothing, provision of medical and hospital care, education or transfer to a neutral country. The author notes that the Fourth Geneva Convention does not contain a provision on special protection and care for juveniles, and that children during warfare are classified exclusively as civilian population. The circumstances of the Soviet captivity of minors after September 17, 1939, their stay in and leaving the camps, the reasons for selection, after which they were left alive and not included in the “death transports”, described in the article, make it possible to determine the number of rescued and murdered.
    Źródło:
    Internal Security; 2018, 10(2); 197-213
    2080-5268
    Pojawia się w:
    Internal Security
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Munich massacre Research study of propaganda in communist countries
    Autorzy:
    Jankowski, Mikołaj Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531243.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
    Tematy:
    terrorism
    communism
    propaganda
    Munich massacre
    USSR
    Polska
    Israel
    Olympic Games
    Black September
    Palestine
    newspapers
    Opis:
    In this analysis the author notices a difference in the perception of the Munich massacre in various countries of the communist bloc, which was justified by the political situation. It was a consequence of the race of the two strongest countries in that period. It inspired the author of the publication to make an in-depth analysis of the Polish and Soviet press of that period.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Political Science; 2019, 5, 1; 59-78
    2391-3991
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Political Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Katyń Anniversaries in 1990–2010. The Position and Functions of Political Ritual in the Polish Culture of Remembrance. Research Report
    Rocznice katyńskie w latach 1990–2010. Miejsce i funkcje rytuału politycznego w polskiej kulturze pamięci. Komunikat z badań
    Autorzy:
    Czubaj-Kuźmin, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    political ritual
    anniversary rhetoric
    political linguistics
    Katyń massacre crime anniversary
    rytuał polityczny
    retoryka rocznicowa
    politolingwistyka
    rocznica zbrodni katyńskiej
    Opis:
    Głównym celem tekstu jest ukazanie funkcjonalnego wymiaru rytuałów politycznych związanych z obchodami rocznic zbrodni katyńskiej w latach 1990–2010. Dzięki przeprowadzonej metodą semantyczno-pragmatyczną analizie zawartości treści doniesień medialnych towarzyszących obchodom katyńskim, omówione zostały funkcje, które pełnił rytuał katyński w polskiej kulturze pamięci od 1990 do 2010 roku, takie jak funkcja emocjonalna, normatywna, legitymizacyjna, integracyjna, edukacyjna czy performatywna. Ponadto zaaplikowanie teorii traumy kulturowej umożliwiło analizę mitu założycielskiego, wskazywanego przez polityków w trakcie przemówień rocznicowych, wiążącego się z kłamstwem i prawdą o zbrodni katyńskiej. Zauważony w narracji katyńskiej przymus powtarzania, dotyczący walki z zakłamywaniem historii, odniesiony został do traumy spowodowanej damnatio memoriae, związanej z początkami chrześcijaństwa. W kontekście tych spostrzeżeń, w ramach rozważań na temat funkcji performatywnej, przeanalizowane zostało, obecne w dyskursie rocznicowym po katastrofie prezydenckiego samolotu lecącego na obchody 70. rocznicy zbrodni, zjawisko znane jako „drugi Katyń”.
    The main goal of the research is to show the functional dimension of the political rituals associated with the celebrations of the Katyń massacre anniversaries in 1990-2010. Using the method of political linguistics, the study makes it possible to identify ten topoi organizing the Katyń anniversary discourse. They include the topos of “an innocent victim”, “violated justice”, “compensation”, “fair Russians”, “friends Muscovites”, “elite”, as well as the topos of “a shared field of remembrance, reconciliation” (“from foes to friends”), the topos of mutual forgiveness and the anniversary as a special occasion, or the topos of “inhuman land”. The pragmatic-semantic analysis of the contents of media reports accompanying the Katyń celebrations allows the author to show a number of functions that the Katyń ritual performed in the Polish culture of remembrance in 1990–2010. The study of functions proceeds from emotional, through normative, legitimization, integration and educational functions, to the performative function.
    Źródło:
    Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne; 2020, 3; 21-38
    1731-7517
    Pojawia się w:
    Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Remembering a Massacre: How Has the Rise of Oral History as a Methodology Impacted Dersim Studies?
    Autorzy:
    Orhan, Gözde
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1431916.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-26
    Wydawca:
    Ośrodek Pamięć i Przyszłość
    Tematy:
    badania nad masakrą w Dersim
    badania kurdyjskie
    masakra w Dersim
    ludobójstwo w Dersim
    oral history
    Dersim studies
    Kurdish studies
    Dersim massacre
    Dersim genocide
    Opis:
    Dersim, an eastern province of Turkey whose name was changed to Tunceli by a 1935 law and whose borders were redefined for spatial control in the early Republican period, witnessed a bloody massacre executed by the Turkish army in 1937–1938. The massacre has become a “secret” over the course of time, and even critical Turkish literature has refrained from discussing the role of the Turkish state in it until recently. This paper aims to scrutinize the rise of oral history as a methodology used to study the Dersim massacre. In this paper, based on a review of the literature, the author argues that starting in the 1990s a new current using primarily oral sources has appeared. 
    Źródło:
    Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej; 2019, 9; 95-118
    2719-7522
    2084-0578
    Pojawia się w:
    Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    EAST ASIA, THE RESTORATION OF MEMORIES AND NARRATIVE OF RETURN
    AZJA WSCHODNIA, NARRACJA POWROTU ORAZ PRZYWRACANIE PAMIĘCI
    Autorzy:
    RYU, Suyun
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040177.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-11-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Hwang Seok-yeong
    The Old Garden (2000)
    The Guest (2001)
    Sim-Cheong (2003)
    Galmoe
    The Sincheon Massacre
    Simcheong-Jeon
    Return Trilogy
    Trylogia Powrotu
    Stary ogród (2000)
    Gość (2001)
    Masakra w Sincheon
    Opis:
    In the early 2000s, Hwang Seok-young published three full-length novels. They were The Old Garden (2000), The Guest (2001) and Sim-Cheong (2003). The return trilogy attracted much attention in that they were works that informed Hwang Seok-yeong’s return to the Korean literary world. He visited North Korea in 1989 and exiled in Germany until 1993. He was imprisoned shortly after returning home in 1993 and imprisoned until 1998. Conflict and anguish due to his personal history overlap in the three works. It was the thematic focus of ‘return’. ‘Return’ is not simply returning. Above all, it is an encounter with ‘self-absence’ and is the most positive return to think of ‘today’. Furthermore, the final goal is to reconcile with the present. Therefore, the three long-time narratives he published were Hwang Seok-young’s return process as a writer.
    Hwang Seokyeong opublikował na początku wieku XXI trzy powieści: Stary ogród (2000), Gość (2001) oraz Sim-cheong (2003). Powieści te prezentowały powrót Hwang Seok-yeonga do świata twórczości literackiej, stąd przykuły uwagę czytelników jako trylogia powrotu. Hwang był w 1989 roku w Korei Północnej a następnie aż do roku 1993 przebywał na wygnaniu w Niemczech. Krótko po powrocie do kraju w 1993 został uwięziony na pięć lat. Powieści te przesycone są konfliktem i udręką spowodowanymi osobistymi doświadczeniami. To właśnie stało się motywem przewodnim ‘powrotu’. ‘Powrót’ nie polega jedynie na ponownym przybyciu – jest to przede wszystkim zetknięcie się z własną ‘nieobecnością’, skłania także do pozytywnego podejścia do ‘dzisiaj’. Celem jest przecież pogodzenie się z teraźniejszością. Te trzy powieści obrazują proces powrotu  Hwang Seok-yeonga do twórczości literackiej.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences; 2019, 5; 37-56
    2449-7444
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Katyn Museum: The Martyrology Branch of the Polish Army Museum in Warsaw
    Autorzy:
    Bydoń, Bartłomiej
    Frątczak, Sławomir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116121.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    Katyn Museum in Warsaw
    Katyn massacre
    museums
    Soviet Union
    Germany
    World War II
    war crimes
    Katyn
    Kharkiv
    Pyatikhatky
    Kalinin (Tver)
    Mednoye
    Kyiv
    Bykivnya
    Katyn relics
    the Independent Historical Committee for the Investigation of the Katyn Crime (NKHBZK)
    the Polish Katyn Foundation (PFK)
    the Museum of the Polish Army in Warsaw (MWP)
    Opis:
    This article presents an outline of the history of the Katyn massacre perpetrated by the Soviet Union on almost 22,000 Polish citizens in 1940, the attempts to search for the truth about the crime, and the process of the deconstruction of the Katyn lie from 1943; it will then move to a description of the history of its commemoration (including by independent organisations such as the Independent Historical Committee for the Investigation of the Katyn Crime [Niezależny Komitet Historyczny Badania Zbrodni Katyńskiej] and the Polish Katyn Foundation), and the documentation of the massacre at the Katyn Museum, the Martyrology Branch of the Polish Army Museum in Warsaw. Due to the complexity of this issue, the article has been divided chronologically into several chapters, starting with the signing of the German-Soviet Pact (the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact) in 1939; the circumstances of World War II leading to the Katyn massacre; how Katyn qualifies as a war crime; and the progression of the story up until modern times. Apart from the history of the crime itself, the authors also describe the discovery of the evidence and the process of creating the Katyn Museum in Warsaw, as well as its permanent exhibition and the most important collections. The article discusses the issues of historic military architecture which was incorporated into the Katyn Museum, creating a unique exhibition containing thousands of artefacts (Katyn relics) recovered from the death pits in Katyn (Russia), Kharkiv-Pyatikhatky (Ukraine), Kyiv-Bykivnya (Ukraine) and Tver-Mednoye (Russia).
    Źródło:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2021-2022, 4; 5-117
    2658-1566
    Pojawia się w:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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