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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Biomechanical characterization of slope walking using musculoskeletal model simulation
    Autorzy:
    Masayuki, K.
    Hata, K.
    Kiyama, R.
    Maeda, T.
    Yone, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307044.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    analiza lokomocji
    chód
    choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawów
    układ mięśniowo-szkieletowy
    gait analysis
    slope walking
    osteoarthrosis
    joint force
    musculoskeletal model simulation
    Opis:
    Upslope and downslope walking are basic activities necessary for normal daily living in community, and they impose greater joint load on the lower extremities than during level walking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to quantify the resultant and shear forces in the hip and knee joints during slope walking. Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers were evaluated when walking under level and 10° up- and downslope conditions. Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted using a 7-camera optoelectronic motion analysis system combined with a force plate to measure ground reactive force. Joint forces in the hip and knee joints were estimated using musculoskeletal model simulation. Results: Results showed that the resultant hip force was increased significantly to 117.2% and 126.9%, and the resultant knee force was increased to 133.5% and 144.5% in up- and downslope walking, respectively, compared to that of level walking. Furthermore, increased shear force in the hip and knee joints was noted during both slope walking conditions. Conclusions: This information may be beneficial for therapists advising elderly people or patients with osteoarthrosis on an appropriate gait pattern, gait assistive devices, or orthoses according to their living environment.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2018, 20, 1; 117-125
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of leg length inequality on joint contact forces of lower limbs during walking
    Autorzy:
    Othman, Nurul Fazreena
    Basaruddin, Khairul Salleh
    Som, Mohd Hanafi Mat
    Majid, Mohd Shukry Abdul
    Sulaiman, Abdul Razak
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307141.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    kończyna dolna
    długość
    rozbieżność długości nóg
    leg length inequality
    leg length discrepancy
    joint contact force
    lower limb
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to examine the joint contact forces (JCF) between each limb as the LLD magnitude increases during walking activity. Methods: Eighteen male healthy subjects volunteered to participate in the experiment. Walking gait analysis was conducted with eight different levels of insole to simulate the LLD, starting from 0 cm until 4.0 cm with 0.5 cm increment. Qualisys Track Manager System and C-motion Visual 3D biomechanical tools were used to analyse the results. Four joints (ankle, knee, hip, and pelvis) of lower limb of two legs were investigated. The increment of insoles was placed on the right leg to represent the long leg. Results: The results suggest that the mean contact forces for all joints in the short leg were increased as the increment level increased. On the contrary, the mean contact forces in the long leg decreased when the LLD level increased. Among these four joints, JCF in hip shows a positive increment based on the ASI value. Means that hip shows the most affected joint as the LLD level increase. Conclusions: The result obtained in this study might help clinicians treat patients with a structural LLD for treatment plan including surgical intervention.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2019, 21, 1; 55-62
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental strength analysis of riveted joints using blind rivets
    Autorzy:
    Witek, Lucjan
    Lubas, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243773.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    blind riveted joint
    experimental investigations
    shearing test
    destructive force
    chamfers
    Opis:
    This article presents results of experimental investigations of the lap blind riveted joint. The main goal of the work is determination of destructive load of the blind riveted joints. The blind rivets were originally used in the aircraft structures where access to both sides of the riveted structure is impossible. Blind rivets are now commonly used in many branches of industry because of their low cost. Moreover, the riveting process is uncomplicated. There are many publications about analysis of strength of solid rivets in the research literature. However, the strength analysis of the blind rivets was rarely undertaken. There is the research gap in the analysis of both the strength and the load capacity of blind riveted joints. The influence of selected geometrical parameters of the joint on the stress distribution and the destructive force was not widely described in literature. The first part of the work presents a review of standards and publications related to stress and strength analysis of blind riveted joints. The next part of the study describes experimental investigations of joints. The examined specimens were made out of AW 2017 aluminum alloy, cut from 1[mm] thick sheet. Investigated blind rivets were made out of aluminum alloy. The lap joint with one rivet and the single row five-rivet joint were investigated. Moreover, the different size of hole chamfer were considered. The experimental tests were performed with the use of Zwick-Roell tension machine. The main results of experimental investigations are ultimate shear load diagrams. The influence of both the hole chamfer and the number of rivets on destructive force and shear diagrams of blind riveted joints were in detail analysed. After shear tests, the fractured rivets were magnified in order to explain the failure phenomenon of blind rivets. In the future research works the obtained results will be used in strength analysis of the blind riveted joints using the finite element method.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 1; 199-206
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An artificial neural network approach and sensitivity analysis in predicting skeletal muscle forces
    Autorzy:
    Vilimek, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306321.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    staw łokciowy
    mięśnie
    sieć neuronowa
    elbow joint
    muscle force prediction
    neural network
    sensitivity analysis
    Opis:
    This paper presents the use of an artificial neural network (NN) approach for predicting the muscle forces around the elbow joint. The main goal was to create an artificial NN which could predict the musculotendon forces for any general muscle without significant errors. The input parameters for the network were morphological and anatomical musculotendon parameters, plus an activation level experimentally measured during a flexion/extension movement in the elbow. The muscle forces calculated by the ‘Virtual Muscle System’ provide the output. The cross-correlation coefficient expressing the ability of an artificial NN to predict the “true” force was in the range 0.97 - 0.98. A sensitivity analysis was used to eliminate the less sensitive inputs, and the final number of inputs for a sufficient prediction was nine. A variant of an artificial NN for a single specific muscle was also studied. The artificial NN for one specific muscle gives better results than a network for general muscles. This method is a good alternative to other approaches to calculating of muscle force.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2014, 16, 3; 119-127
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Force analysis of shoulder joint muscles in the early phase of brain stroke
    Autorzy:
    Starosta, M.
    Kostka, J.
    Miller, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306827.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    siła mięśni
    staw ramienny
    udar
    dynamometr
    muscle force
    upper limb
    shoulder joint
    stroke
    dynamometer
    Opis:
    Upper limb impairment in the early phase of brain stroke is one of the key problems in rehabilitation. An estimation of muscle force can be a helpful factor for functional improvement after a stroke. The primary goals of this study were to determine the muscles with the lowest force in the affected (A) and non-affected (non-A) upper limb. Moreover, the differences between men and women were compared and these values were correlated with age. Methods: One hundred (n = 35 female, n = 65 male) post-stroke patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the study participants was 66.1 years. Muscle force for external and internal rotators of shoulder was measured with handheld dynamometer. Moreover, the correlation coefficients for differences in muscular force with the patient’s age were estimated. Results: Our study reports that the force of the (A) side in relation to the (non-A) was by 37% weaker. We observed about a 40% decrease in the force of the shoulder’s external rotation (female – 42%; male – 41%) and shoulder’s flexion (by 38% – female; 40% – male). Significant correlations between the muscle force and the age of post-stroke patients were also found. It was concluded that about 4 weeks after the first stroke in the patient’s life, the external rotators are the most affected group of shoulder muscles. Conclusions: Neither sex nor the side of the ischemic brain injury influence the muscle force, whereas age determines both muscle force and muscle force deficits. Older post-stroke patients demonstrate fewer deficits in muscle strength than younger ones.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2018, 20, 3; 107-113
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Friction Stir Welding of Ultrathin AA2024-T3 Aluminum Sheets Using Ceramic Tool
    Autorzy:
    Myśliwiec, P.
    Śliwa, R. E.
    Ostrowski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    friction stir welding
    aluminum alloys
    ceramic tools
    FSW force measurements
    low-cycle fatigue test
    FSW joint durability
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of research work on linear FSW (Friction Stir Welding) joining aluminum alloys AA2024-T3 of 0.5 mm in thickness. The study was conducted on properly adapted numerical controlled 3 axis milling machine using a ceramic tool and special designed fastening device. The tool dimensions have been estimated according to the algorithm shown in the literature [4]. All joints were made of end-to end (butt) configuration under different welding speed. The rotational speed of the tool and tool offset was constant. The effect of selected technological parameters on the quality of the joint was analyzed. Produced butt joint have been subjected to a static tensile testing to identify mechanical features of the materials of joints compared to parent materials. Measurements of micro hardness HV in the plastically formed stir zone of joint and in the parent material have been carried out. Axial and radial welding forces in the joining region were recorded during the tests and their dependency from the welding parameters was studied. Based on the results of strength tests the efficiency of joints for sheets of 0.5 mm in thicknesses oscillated up to 96% compared to the parent material. It has been found that for given parameters the correct, free of defects joints were obtained. The paper also presents the results of low-cycle fatigue tests of obtained FSW joints. The use of a ceramic tool in the FSW process allows to obtain welds with higher strength than conventional tools. The results suggests that FSW can be potentially applied to joining aluminum alloys.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1385-1394
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rivet flexibility and load transmission for a riveted lap joint
    Podatność nitów oraz transfer obciążenia w nitowanych połączeniach zakładkowych
    Autorzy:
    Skorupa, M.
    Machniewicz, T.
    Korbel, A.
    Skorupa, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139468.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    połączenie zakładkowe nitowane
    zmęczenie
    siła zakuwania
    transfer obciążenia
    stopy aluminium
    riveted lap joint
    fatigue
    squeeze force
    load transfer
    aluminium alloys
    Opis:
    Presented in this paper are results of an experimental investigation on the rivet flexibility and load transmission in a riveted lap joint representative for the aircraft fuselage. The test specimens consisted of two aluminium alloy Alclad sheets joined with 3 rows of rivets. Two different squeeze forces were applied to install the rivets. Rivet flexibility measurements have been performed under constant amplitude fatigue loading using several methods including two original optical techniques developed by the present authors. The axial tractions in the sheets required to determine the rivet flexibility have been derived from strain gauge measurements. In order to eliminate the effect of secondary bending the strain gauges have been bonded at the same locations on the outside and faying surface of the sheet. The experiments enabled an evaluation of the usefulness of various techniques to determine the rivet flexibility. It was observed that, although the measured flexibility was identical for both end rivet rows, the load transfer through either of these rows was different. Previous experimental results by the present authors suggest that behind the non-symmetrical load transfer distribution through the joint are large differences between the rivet hole expansion in the sheet adjacent to the driven rivet head and the sheet under the manufactured head. It has been concluded that commonly used computation procedures according to which the load transfer is only related to the rivet flexibility may lead to erroneous results.
    W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki eksperymentalnych badań podatności nitów oraz transferu obciążenia w nitowanych połączeniach zakładkowych, typowych dla kadłuba samolotu. Badania prowadzono przy stałej amplitudzie obciążenia, na blachach z lotniczego stopu aluminium D16 połączonych trzema rzędami nitów przy dwóch różnych siłach ich zakuwania. Do pomiaru podatności nitów zastosowano kilka różnych metod w tym zaproponowane przez autorów dwie oryginalne metody optyczne. Porównywanie uzyskanych dzięki nim wyników umożliwiło ocenę użyteczności poszczególnych technik do wyznaczenia podatności nitów. Udział poszczególnych rzędów nitów w przenoszeniu obciążenia określony został na drodze pomiarów tensometrycznych. Celem uwzględnienia zjawiska wtórnego zginania tensometry oporowe mocowane były w rejonie zakładki parami tj. na wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej powierzchni jednej z łączonych blach. Stwierdzono nieco mniejszą podatność nitów w środkowym rzędzie połączenia w porównaniu z rzędami skrajnymi. Jakkolwiek w obu skrajnych rzędach podatności nitów były takie same, to transfer obciążenia przez każdy z nich był inny. Wyniki wykonanych wcześniej badań wskazują, że ten brak symetrii w transferze obciążenia może mieć związek ze znacznie większą ekspansją otworu nitowego w blasze po stronie zakuwki niż po stronie głowy fabrycznej. Wynika stąd, że zwykle stosowane procedury obliczeniowe uzależniające transfer obciążenia od samej tylko podatności nitów, prowadzić mogą do zafałszowanych wyników.
    Źródło:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2010, LVII, 3; 235-245
    0004-0738
    Pojawia się w:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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