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Tytuł:
Reforms to the Israeli income tax
Autorzy:
Tzarfati, Beny
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2207117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
income tax
reforms
tax base
tax rate
Israel
Income Tax Ordinance
Opis:
Income tax is a major component of state revenues, earmarked to finance the services provided by the government. Income taxes have a significant impact, among other things, on economic growth and income distribution. According to economic theory, personal income tax—perceived as progressive tax—is the main policy tool of the governments of developed countries and is aimed at reducing inequality in income distribution. The Israeli in- come tax has been through major reforms in the last decade and a half. These reforms include a reduction in income tax exemp- tions, steadily decreasing tax rates, simplification of tax calculation rules, reallocation of resources from the public and revenue sharing by reducing the income tax burden on the middle classes, a transfer from territorially based taxation of income earned or accrued in Israel to personally based taxation of income of Israeli residents, regardless of the place of earning the income. The result of changing the tax system and the transition to taxation on a personal basis means, in practice, an expansion of the tax base in Israel. This paper aims to describe the income tax prior to the reforms and the major reforms that had taken place up to 2017.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2022, 6, 2; 7-22
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax on revenue from buildings after the latest amendment: characteristics and doubts
Autorzy:
Tekielak, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
tax on revenue from buildings
personal income tax
corporate income tax
Opis:
The aim of the article was to describe the current tax on revenue from buildings and to present the doubts connected with it. The author analysed legal acts, interpretations of the tax authorities, judgments of administrative courts, and views of tax law scholars and com- mentators for the article. The tax on revenue from buildings (until 2018 also known as the tax on commercial real estate) is a relatively new tax under Polish law. It was introduced in 2018, though it was amended considerably in 2019. Although it is regulated by the Personal Income Tax Act and the Corporate Income Tax Act, in fact it should be recognised as a kind of wealth tax. The taxpayers are the owners of buildings that are wholly or partially used for the purposes of tenancy, lease, and other similar contracts (the total value of the building has to exceed PLN 10 million). The tax rate is 0.035% of the buildings value, paid monthly. It can be deducted from advance payments for income tax, and next it can be deducted from the income tax amount indicated in an annual tax return. The tax has created many doubts over interpretation. Some of them could be eliminated through the legislature’s amendments to the relevant provisions.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2020, 29, 1; 165-175
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INCOME TAXES, PUBLIC FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Autorzy:
Wołowiec, Tomasz
Skica, Tomasz
Gercheva, Galya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
personal income tax
corporate income tax
budgetary system
fiscal policy
economic growth
Opis:
The main goal of this article is to find the relationship between public fiscal policy and economic growth. The article consist of a few parts. The first is an introduction, which creates the background for the analysis in the following sections. It shows the main point of view on public fiscal policy especially in the case of personal income tax and creates a framework for the analysis of the relationship between taxation and economic growth. The second part focuses on the relations between central government decisions on taxation and its influence on savings, investments and economic growth. In this part we will find selected analyses of the impact of taxes on economic growth based on the examples of OECD countries. Finally, the last part of the work is a study on fiscal level and tax system structures and economic growth. In this part the authors checks two points of view on taxation. The first is that a low level tax burden is conducive to economic growth, and the second emphasizes negative consequences of decreasing budget tax revenues. The article shows both theoretical and empirical points of view on taxation and influence of government taxation decisions on the economy.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2014, 10, 3; 52-64
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN PERSONAL AND CORPORATE INCOME TAX
Autorzy:
Skica, Tomasz
Wołowiec, Tomasz
Pavlov, Pavel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599439.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-05
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
personal income tax
corporate income tax
fiscal stimulus
budgetary system
fiscal policy
Opis:
The main goal of this article is to discuss the mutual economic relations between personal and corporate income taxes. The article consists of three parts. The first is an introduction to these taxes and taxation. The second is the analysis in which the objective of the taxation is discussed. This part represents the trends in research on taxation and clarifies the aspects of taxes that should be considered in an optimal tax system construction. These include solutions which stimulate taxpayer behavior, the economically and socially oriented objectives of taxation, and guides needed for tax equalization. The conclusions are focused on the tax rates in personal and corporate income tax and their influence on economic behavior of firms and individuals. The authors show different points of view on tax rate equalization and discuss its consequences.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2014, 10, 1; 60-68
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Election cycle versus personal income tax reliefs in Poland
Autorzy:
Wyszkowski, Adam
Zegarowicz, Łukasz
Budlewska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128319.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
election cycle
tax relief
personal income tax
Opis:
Goal – The main objective of the paper is to verify if the relation between the election cycles and the number of tax reliefs in Poland exists and – if it exists – what is its direction and strengh. Hypothesis – Election cycles affect the dynamics of introducing tax reliefs into the Polish Personal Income Tax. Research methodology – The research hypothesis was verified by assessing the cyclical fluctuations of the trend function describing the number of reliefs in the Polish Personal Income Tax. The study covers the years 1991-2018. The authors’ own calculations made on the basis of the legislative changes made in the studied period to the Act on Personal Income Tax of 26th July 1991 provide the source material for the research. Score – The study confirms positive relation between the election cycles and the dynamics of introducing tax reliefs into the Polish Personal Income Tax. The number of tax reliefs in personal tax cyclically fluctuates and, moreover, the total number of introduced tax reliefs is significantly higher in the election years and lower in the other accordingly.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 3(93); 209-220
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The taxation of ‘intangible’ innovation: the Patent Box in Europe and the Italian case
Autorzy:
Caramia, Lucrezia Valentina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129147.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Patent Box
tax breaks
income tax
intangibles
Opis:
“Patent Box” is a term for the application of a lower corporate tax rate to the income derived from the ownership of patents. This tax subsidy instrument has been introduced in several countries since 2000. This paper, through a comparative analysis, compares the Patent Box adopted in three different European jurisdictions, which are distinguished by the particular attractiveness of their tax systems, and then focuses on the peculiar case of the Italian Patent Box. Art. 6, D.L. of 21 October 2021, n. 146, in fact, introduces the new discipline of the Patent Box, a preferential taxation mechanism of income from the direct and indirect use of certain intangible assets which, only two months later, has already undergone further and important changes by art. 1, comma 10, of L. 30 December 2021, n. 234: this disruption requires considering the causes of the legislative intervention and, therefore, the structure of a tax promotion mechanism that has already received relevant consideration in the OECD.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 109-127
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The principles of tax law equality in the context of direct taxation
Autorzy:
Jarczok-Guzy, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Income tax
Principles of taxation
Tax fairness
Opis:
Aim/purpose – The purpose of this article is a presentation of the principles of tax law equality with the aim of establishing the significance of these rules for the system of direct taxation in Poland. Only forms of taxation have been selected to conduct this analysis because they offer the most transparent and variegated picture of the real tax burden. Design/methodology/approach – The article follows the method of economic comparative analysis and offers a review of available literature on the subject. Findings – This analysis proves that the choice of different types of income taxation for natural persons conducting business activity has influence on tax burden. Research implications/limitations – The system of direct taxation in Poland has problems with equality rules because of different tax rates and tax returns which are available in Polish law. Originality/value/contribution – This article presents the problem of tax law equality in the context of economic theories developed by selected economists.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2017, 30; 70-84
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concept of fairness as a criterion for the assessment of the personal income tax in Poland
Autorzy:
Lewkowicz-Grzegorczyk, Katarzyna Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax exemption
tax fairness
Opis:
Purpose – The aim of the article is to present the essence of tax justice in relation to the personal income tax in Poland. Research method – The realisation of the aim required using the method of descriptive and compa-rative analysis to assess the fairness of charging the personal income tax.Results – The results of the empirical study on the personal tax structure point to the progressive tax as the one which better fulfils the concept of tax justice. The common acceptance of the tax progression confirms the deeply rooted sense of vertical equity in the Polish society. According to this, higher taxes should be paid by the rich, while the less wealthy should be charged with lower taxes. Unfortunately, the structure of the personal income tax in Poland does not reflect this. On the basis of the evolution of the PIT tax structure, it is possible to determine flattening of the progression due to the introduction of the two-stage tax scale. What is more, one may experience frequent ethical doubts connected with tax exemptions, and especially with the rules of granting them.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Author’s own evaluation of the personal income tax in terms of tax fairness.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2021, 4(106); 83-96
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TAX PREFERENCES IN THE CZECH AND POLISH PERSONAL INCOME TAXES
Autorzy:
Burzec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax preferences
comparative tax law
Opis:
Article presents tax preferences in Czech Republic and Poland in the comparative aproach. The aim of the comparative study is to show how particular problems can be tackled by different countries by different measures. Both in Poland and the Czech Republic it is possible to identify common problems in the area of the tax law. One of such problems is an appropriate shape of tax preferences within the income tax contruction. The aim of the present article is to demonstrate how Poland and the Czech Republic, by shaping tax preferences within the construction of the income tax, tackle the problem of the taxpayer’s ability to pay. Further, it is shown how the two countries, by means of tax instruments, supplement their policy in areas as important as pro-family policy, supporting subjects implementing public tasks, the pension system, policy on people with disabilities, and housing policy.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 30, 3; 89-105
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The tax-free amount as an instrument for implementing the tax fairness principle
Autorzy:
Pomorska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1986837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax free amount
tax fairness
Opis:
This paper is devoted to analysis and evaluation of recent changes that have taken place in the structure of Polish personal income tax, with particular emphasis on tax-free amount. The main effect of these changes is the increase of the tax-free minimum in comparison to the level of subsistence minimum as well as the statutory obligation of the Minister of Finance to verify both these volumes. The authoress positively assesses the introduced changes, noting that they should be treated as an introduction to the discussion on a new model of taxation of natural persons in Poland.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2018, 10, 1; 193-215
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Searching for similarities in EU corporate income taxes for their harmonization
Autorzy:
Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta
Siwiec, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
corporate income tax
tax harmonization
European economic integration
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to answer the question whether, despite the differentiation of the corporate income tax in the European Union, there are similarity patterns allowing for the harmonization of the bases of this tax. The analysed CIT static data both quantitative and qualitative concerns the years 2018 and 2020. The method of hierarchical cluster analysis allowed a grouping of EU countries according to their similarities. It also indicated the greatest tax diefrences between EU member states. In turn the afinity analysis made it possible to distinguish groups of countries which are similar in terms of CIT with the simultaneous identification of a pattern. Results show that despite significant diefrences in tax rates some EU states show convergence in tax bases. The geographical criterion still plays an important role in determining CIT structure and tax incentives are one of the tools that may be used in the approximation of the bases.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2020, 6, 4; 72-94
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potential fiscal and non-fiscal consequences of introducing a poll tax in Poland
Autorzy:
Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta
Ziębakowski, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/692549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
poll tax, capitation tax, head tax, Personal Income Tax
Opis:
The inspiration to take up the issue of the poll tax resulted from the desire to verify the claims made by the supporters of the introduction of this tax in Poland in relation to its amount. For this purpose, the simulation of the quota rate of this tax, assuming compensation of the total income from the income tax on natural persons, has been carried out. In addition, potential effects of the introduction of this tax in the fiscal and social areas have been subjected to analysis. The analysis of the simulation of replacing the Personal Income Tax with a poll tax brings the conclusion that the poll tax would not gain acceptance in Poland nowadays. Potential consequences of this change must be considered not only in the fiscal, but above all – social context. The rates of the poll tax assessed on the basis of the concept of its followers are regressive. This is a disqualifying factor of this tribute, because it would bring a number of undesirable consequences to the economy and society.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2016, 1, 1; 25-32
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxation of Clergymen Revenues from Pastoral Services – an Attempt of Estimation
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-09-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Income Tax
revenue
Clergy
lump sum
simplified tax forms
Opis:
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to attempt a comprehensive evaluation of the legal regulations within the Polish tax system regarding taxation of clergymen revenues from pastoral services3. Methodology: Undertaking and accomplishing the purpose of this paper has been possible by analyzing the Polish literature on the subject as well as the relevant legal acts. For the purpose of this paper also empirical materials have been used, in the form of a report on the fi nances of the Catholic Church, the contents of which were used to formulate the conclusions de lege ferenda. The main research method used in the present study was the legal dogmatic method, which involves an analysis of the applicable regulations within the Polish legal system in the fi eld of taxation of clergymen revenues from pastoral services. Additionally, the basic methods of statistical data presentation were used in the form of tables. Findings: The applicable legal regulations within the Polish tax system regarding taxation of clergymen revenues obtained from performing their pastoral services require an urgent and comprehensive reform. For these are normative solutions that contradict the basic principles of taxation (especially the postulated for more than two centuries principles of equality and justice in taxation), which should form the basis for a properly determined object of taxation, and therefore they do not fulfi ll the by the legislature assigned functions. Research implications: Presented ideas for changes in the currently in Poland adopted lump-sum taxation system of clergymen revenues could constitute a starting point for the developers of the tax reform for further discussion on the desirable directions of reform in the fi eld of personal income taxation in Poland. Originality: In the paper the Author points out that in the ongoing public discussion on the optimal method of taxation of personal income relatively little attention is given to issues concerning the taxation of personal income obtained from pastoral services. Thus, the present study, summarizing the existing achievements of the Polish doctrine of fi nancial law in this fi eld, constitutes a voice in the discussion on this subject and at the same time puts forward concrete proposals for changes in the current legal regulation of taxation of the clergy, which could serve as an inspiration for the developers of the tax reform in Poland.
Źródło:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2013, 21, 3(122); 98-113
2084-3356
Pojawia się w:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax changes in the Czech Republic in the COVID-19 pandemic
Autorzy:
Zelenská, Taťána
Bellová, Jana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
real estate tax
road tax
income tax
value added tax
excise tax
Opis:
The covid-19 pandemic has since March 2020 led to declarations of several states of emergency, to shutting down of schools, restrictions on gatherings as well as many business activities, with the aim to stopping the spread and transfer of the virus. Apart from the program of compensation bonuses, program Antivirus, postponing of the electronic sales record and so on, the state has reacted to the situation through tax legislation.The presented paper defines some steps as a result of the pandemic that are connected to tax law, these being specifically real estate tax, road tax, value added tax and excise tax.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 163-179
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE TAXATION OF THE SO-CALLED DIRECT SALES IN THE POLISH PERSONAL INCOME TAX IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Autorzy:
Burzec, Marcin
Duda-Hyz, Michalina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
tax
personal income tax
direct sales of agricultural products
Opis:
Article presents the principles for the taxation of the so-called direct sales of agricultural products on the basis of the personal income tax. The first part of the article includes remarks concerning the regulations introduced into the Polish legal system by way of the revision of the Pesonal Income Tax Law of April 2015. The second part of the article presents the principles of the so-called direct sales in France and Italy.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2016, 26-27, 3-4; 9-25
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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