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Tytuł:
The effect of changing graphitization temperature toward bio-graphite from Palm Kernel Shell
Autorzy:
Othman, Rapidah
Kamal, Afiqah Samsul
Jabarullah, N. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
produkcja grafitu
grafitowy materiał węglowy
jakość grafitu
production of graphite
quality of graphite
graphite carbon material
Opis:
This paper focuses on the relationship between heat treatment temperature toward structural transformation from amorphous carbon to highly graphitic carbon material during a production stage.The following report discusses a simple strategy to convert the palm kernel shell (PKS) into highly crystalline, high quality graphite via simple two-step process. The production involves impregnation of catalyst followed by thermal treatment. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy allowed the observation of microstructural change of the prepared sample at temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1400°C using Ferum catalyst. From XRD pattern it can be observed that as graphitization temperature increased, the degree of graphitization also increased. Overall sample prepared at higher temperature 1400°C shows a higher degree of graphitization. PKS sample graphitized at 1400°C with the aid of Ferum catalyst shows a sharp intensified peak at 2θ = 26.5° reflecting formation of highly crystalline graphite structure. Raman spectrum also suggests similar results to XRD in which PKS-1400 shows the presence of large amount of graphitic structure as the value of (Id/Ig) ratio is lower than in other samples. HRTEM analysis visibly shows define lattice fringe, which further confirms the structural transformation from amorphous to highly ordered graphitic carbon structure. Overall, good quality graphitic carbon structure from Palm Kernel shell was succesfully synthesised via utilization of PKS, Ferum catalsyt and heat treatment method.
Źródło:
Production Engineering Archives; 2021, 27, 2; 124-129
2353-5156
2353-7779
Pojawia się w:
Production Engineering Archives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of changing graphitization temperature toward bio-graphite from Palm Kernel Shell
Autorzy:
Othman, Rapidah
Kamal, Afiqah Samsul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
produkcja grafitu
grafitowy materiał węglowy
jakość grafitu
production of graphite
quality of graphite
graphite carbon material
Opis:
This paper focuses on the relationship between heat treatment temperature toward structural transformation from amorphous carbon to highly graphitic carbon material during a production stage.The following report discusses a simple strategy to convert the palm kernel shell (PKS) into highly crystalline, high quality graphite via simple two-step process. The production involves impregnation of catalyst followed by thermal treatment. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy allowed the observation of microstructural change of the prepared sample at temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1400°C using Ferum catalyst. From XRD pattern it can be observed that as graphitization temperature increased, the degree of graphitization also increased. Overall sample prepared at higher temperature 1400°C shows a higher degree of graphitization. PKS sample graphitized at 1400°C with the aid of Ferum catalyst shows a sharp intensified peak at 2θ = 26.5° reflecting formation of highly crystalline graphite structure. Raman spectrum also suggests similar results to XRD in which PKS-1400 shows the presence of large amount of graphitic structure as the value of (Id/Ig) ratio is lower than in other samples. HRTEM analysis visibly shows define lattice fringe, which further confirms the structural transformation from amorphous to highly ordered graphitic carbon structure. Overall, good quality graphitic carbon structure from Palm Kernel shell was succesfully synthesised via utilization of PKS, Ferum catalsyt and heat treatment method.
Źródło:
Production Engineering Archives; 2021, 27, 2; 124-129
2353-5156
2353-7779
Pojawia się w:
Production Engineering Archives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Formation, Properties and Use of Dispersed Iron-Graphite Metallurgical Waste
Autorzy:
Dan, Leonid
Maslov, Vladimir
Trofimova, Larysa
Cios, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
dispersed iron-graphite waste
graphite
iron oxides
specific saturation magnetization
magnetizing annealing
carbothermal self-reduction
magnetic graphite
Opis:
Dispersed wastes containing graphite, iron, and its oxides, getting into the air and accumulating in landfills, cause serious harm to human health and the environment. Moreover, even if the issue of the localization of these wastes has been solved successfully, their disposal has not yet been fully organized. In the present study, a systematic analysis of the dispersed iron-graphite waste (IGW) conditions for the formation at metallurgical enterprises, their structure, and their properties were carried out. In this case, special attention is focused on the electrophysical properties: specific saturation magnetization and volume resistivity. The presence of magnetic properties in IGW, combined with low electrical resistivity, makes IGW a promising and inexpensive raw material for obtaining cheap composite materials with radio shielding and radio absorbing properties in the microwave range. As a result of the research, effective ways of improving the magnetic properties of IGW by high-temperature treatment were obtained. The practical result of the research was the development and implementation of a technological scheme of dispersed IGW complex processing, which makes it possible to solve a twofold task – to exclude the ingress of iron-graphite wastes into the environment and to obtain a cheap material for protection against microwave radiation.
Źródło:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2022, 6, 4; 81--92
2543-9901
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Bismuth and Rare Earth Elements on Graphite Structure in Different Section Thicknesses of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Castings
Autorzy:
Glavas, Z.
Strkalj, A.
Maldini, K.
Kozina, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
spheroidal graphite cast iron casting
graphite structure
bismuth
rare earth elements
microstructure
Opis:
Effects of additions of 0.00064, 0.001 and 0.0042 wt.% Bi on the graphite structure in the section thicknesses of 3, 12, 25, 38, 50, 75 and 100 mm of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings containing 2.11 wt.% Si and rare earth (RE) elements (Ce + La + Nd + Pr + Sm + Gd) in the range from 0.00297 to 0.00337 wt.% were analyzed in this paper. Addition of Bi was not necessary for obtaining high nodule count and nodularity higher than 80% in section thicknesses of 3, 12 and 25 mm. RE elements showed a beneficial effect on the nodule count and nodularity in these sections. Nodularity was below 80% in section thicknesses of 38, 50, 75 and 100 mm when Bi was not added. Detrimental effect of RE elements on graphite morphology in these sections was neutralized by adequate addition of Bi. Addition of 0.001 wt.% Bi (ratio of RE/Bi = 3.27) was enough to achieve nodularity above 80% in the section thickness of 38 mm. Nodularity was increased above 80% in section thicknesses of 50, 75 and 100 mm by addition of 0.0042 wt.% Bi (ratio of RE/Bi = 0.78). At the same time, Bi significantly increased the nodule count. Nodularity above 80% and the high nodule count in the section thicknesses of 75 and 100 mm were also achieved by using an external metallic chill in the mold. In this case, addition of Bi was not required.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1547-1553
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The problem of performance life of structural elements under the conditios of thermal fatigue
Zagadnienie trwalosci elementow konstrukcyjnych pracujacych w warunkach zmeczenia cieplnego
Autorzy:
Pytel, A.
Pysz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/792563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
spheroidal graphite cast iron
flake graphite cast iron
vermicular graphite cast iron
agricultural casting
computer simulation
mechanical property
thermal fatigue
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2011, 11
1641-7739
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of graphite impact on the thermal conductivity of the solidified grout
Autorzy:
Śliwa, T.
Kowalski, T.
Stryczek, S.
Wiśniowski, D.
Bieda, A.
Piwowarczyk, S.
Beszłej, J.
Naklicki, M.
Sapińska-Śliwa, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
graphite
thermal conductivity
geothermal energy
Opis:
The fast development of low-temperature geothermal energy affects the search for newer and newer solutions and materials used in the construction of borehole heat exchangers. One of the most important factors affecting the correct operation of heat pump systems with borehole heat exchangers is appropriately selected solidified grout. Solidifies grout has to be characterized by the highest thermal conductivity and good sealing borehole heat exchangers. The paper will present the impact of graphite on the thermal conductivity of solidified grout.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 4; 811-820
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanisms for the improved flotation of inherently hydrophobic graphite in electrolyte solution
Autorzy:
Lai, Q.
Liao, Y.
Liu, Z.
He, Y.
Zhao, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110761.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
flotation
graphite
low-grade
electrolyte
Opis:
It is well documented that unavoidable ions in a pulp such as Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ have a significant effect on the interaction for particles, especially for flotation of metallic sulfide minerals and clay minerals. In this study, the effect of electrolytes on the flotation of inherently hydrophobic mineral-graphite was studied. It was found that the zeta potential showed a dramatic decrease, and the reagent adsorption capacity of mineral enhanced in the present of electrolytes. The possible mechanism responsible for improved recovery was investigated by electrokinetic, surface tension and ions adsorption tests. It is likely that the hydrophobic force is stronger than the electrostatic force due to the reduced potential of graphite. This might be in favor of the formation of hydrophobic oil film leading to an increase in the graphite floatability. The experiments provided a new spectacle to study inherently hydrophobic mineral processing with electrolyte solution.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 3; 944-954
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Graphite expanded as a film-forming material on a steel surface
Grafit ekspandowany jako materiał tworzący warstewkę na stalowym podłożu
Autorzy:
Rewolińska, A.
Perz, K.
Kinal, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/190601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
expanded graphite
steel
reciprocating
model
graphite layer
grafit ekspandowany
stal
ruch posuwisto-zwrotny
warstwa grafitu
Opis:
The results of observational studies of the emerging graphite film on the steel surface are presented. The association – steel pin and graphite element – reciprocating motion was employed. The results show the possible mechanism of graphite film formation for the various stages of association work under various operating conditions. For a water-impregnated graphite element, the film forming process takes place faster than for a dry element.
Przedstawiono wyniki badań obserwacyjnych powstającej warstewki grafitowej na stalowym podłożu. Skojarzenie pracowało w układzie stalowy trzpień poruszający się ruchem posuwisto-zwrotnym po elemencie wykonanym z grafitu ekspandowanego. Wyniki badań przedstawiają możliwy mechanizm powstawania warstewki grafitowej na poszczególnych etapach pracy skojarzenia, w różnych warunkach pracy. Dla elementu grafitowego nasączonego wodą proces formowania się warstewki zachodzi szybciej niż dla elementu suchego.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2017, 275, 5; 81-85
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the Effect of Solidification Time and Addition Amount of Inoculation on Microstructure and Hardness in Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron
Autorzy:
Çolak, Murat
Uslu, Emin
Teke, Çağatay
Şafak, F.
Erol, Ő.
Erol, Y.
Çoban, Y.
Yavuz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lamellar graphite
graphite cast iron
inoculation
solidification time
modeling
grafit
żeliwo
wszczepienia
czas krzepnięcia
modelowanie
Opis:
Material suppliers typically recommend different additive amounts and applications for foundry practices. Therefore, even in the production of the same standard materials, different results may be obtained from various production processes on different foundry floors. In this study, the liquid metal prepared with the addition of different proportions of a FeSi-based inoculation, which is most commonly used in foundries in the production of a cast iron material with EN-GJL-250 lamellar graphite cast iron, was cast into sand molds prepared with a model designed to provide different solidification times. In this way, the optimization of the inoculation amounts on the casting structure for different solidification times was investigated. In addition, hardness values were determined depending on solidification time in varying amounts of inoculation additions. SolidCast casting simulation software was used to determine the casting model geometry and solidification time. In the scope of the study, sand casting, modeling, microstructure analysis, image analysis, microstructure analysis, and hardness tests techniques were used. When the results are examined, the required amount of inoculation for the optimal structure is optimized for the application procedure depending on the casting module and the solidification time.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2022, 22, 4; 24--33
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recovery mechanisms of sericite in microcrystalline graphite flotation
Autorzy:
Li, H.
Ou, L.
Feng, Q.
Chang, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110055.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
microcrystalline graphite
sericite
flotation
entrainment
entrapment
Opis:
Sericite is the main contaminant of concentrate in commercial microcrystalline graphite ore flotation. It was necessary to identify its recovery mechanisms so that the appropriate solution can be selected. In this study, the influence of sericite on flotation selectivity of microcrystalline graphite ore and its recovery mechanisms were investigated. Artificial mixtures flotation test suggested that sericite seriously reported into concentrate leading to poor flotation selectivity of microcrystalline graphite ore. However, the aggregation/dispersion behavior of artificial mixtures indicated that a large repulsive energy existed between sericite and microcrystalline graphite particles at pH 7.4, and sericite was not likely to report into graphite concentrate by slime coating. The results obtained from contact angle measurements and a technique of Warren showed that the floated sericite reached the froth via a combination of both entrainment and entrapment mechanisms, not via true flotation.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 2; 387-400
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Observation of spheroidal graphite in ductile cast iron by TEM
Charakterystyka grafitu w żeliwie sferoidalnym techniką transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej
Autorzy:
Hara, T.
Maekawa, T
Terayama, K
Kawabata, T.
Ikeno, S.
Matsuda, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ductile cast iron
spheroidal graphite
TEM
FIB method GRAPHITE
grafit sferoidalny
technika FIB
transmisyjna mikroskopia elektronowa
Opis:
The microstructure of spheroidal graphites in ductile cast iron (FCD450) was investigated by TEM using cross sectional TEM samples prepared by FIB method. The spheroidal graphite consisted of many small areas, and all of these areas were indexed as the graphite structure and just carbon peak was detected from there.
Mikrostruktura sferoidalnych wydzieleń grafitu w żeliwie sferoidalnym (FCD450) badana była przy użyciu transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej i cienkich folii przygotowanych technika FIB. Grafit sferoidalny składał się z wielu małych obszarów i stwierdzono, że wszystkie te obszary mają strukturę grafitu i wykryto tylko pik od wegla.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 2; 431-432
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the activity of irradiated graphite in the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant RBMK-1500 reactor
Autorzy:
Ancius, D.
Ridikas, D.
Remeikis, V.
Plukis, A.
Plukiene, R.
Cometto, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
modeling
activation analysis
radioactive waste
graphite
Opis:
Ignalina NPP Unit 1 with the RBMK-1500 type reactor enters the preparatory stage for its decommissioning. A big volume of graphite has to be dismantled and managed. This paper evaluates the composition of radionuclides in irradiated graphite on the basis of the calculation scheme with computer codes MCNPX and CINDER'90. Full scale calculations take into account the whole energy spectrum of neutrons, the spatial neutron flux in different reactor structures and the impurities of RBMK-1500 graphite measured by two independent methods. Principal contributors to the total activity as well as other radionuclides important from the radiological point of view are identified. The uncertainties of such calculations are discussed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2005, 50, 3; 113-120
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparation and noise analysis of polymer graphite cathode
Autorzy:
Knápek, A.
Horáček, M.
Chlumská, J.
Kuparowitz, T.
Sobola, D.
Šikula, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
field emission
polymer graphite
noise analysis
Opis:
The paper deals with the preparation and measurement of an experimental polymer graphite cathode that seems to be a promising and cheap source of electrons utilizing cold field-emission in high- and ultra-high vacuum. Polymer graphite seems to be a proper material as it contains a large amount of hybridized carbon with a low degree of surface oxidation and silicon monoxide (SiO). Within the frame of this work, a special experimental method of tip preparation has been designed and tuned. This method is based on ion milling inside a dual-beam electron microscope enabling to obtain ultra-sharp tips of a diameter smaller than 100 nm with a predefined opening angle. The charge transport within experimental samples is evaluated based on results provided by the noise spectroscopy of the total emission current in the time and frequency domains.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2018, 25, 3; 451-458
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Understanding the collection behavior of gangue minerals in fine flake graphite flotation
Autorzy:
Xu, Wenlu
Sun, Kangkang
Qiu, Yangshuai
Zhang, Lingyan
Yang, Luo
Wei, Shaowei
Ding, Dafa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
flake graphite
mica
quartz
flotation
entrainment
Opis:
Flotation is one of the most common and effective methods for the beneficiation of natural graphite resources. However, the upgrading efficiency of flotation is always finite due to the undesirable collection of gangue minerals. In this work, the collecting mechanism of three typical gangue minerals, including mica, quartz, and feldspar, in fine flake graphite flotation was investigated. Results of batch flotation tests for single-minerals and artificial mixtures confirmed the enhanced collection of gangues in the presence of graphite particles. Contact angle and zeta potential results and theoretical calculations of the interaction between graphite and gangue particles based on typical DLVO theory indicated that it is impossible to collect gangue minerals by true flotation or through heterocoagulation with graphite particles. The fitting results of accumulated gangue recoveries and accumulated water recoveries using the Warren method demonstrated that most gangue minerals entered the concentrate through entrainment, with a small proportion by bubble inclusions.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2022, 58, 1; 101--112
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Manganese on the Crystallisation Process, Microstructure and Selected Properties of Compacted Graphite iron
Autorzy:
Gumienny, G.
Kurowska, B.
Just, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
compacted graphite iron
crystallization
manganese
DTA method
Opis:
The paper presents the effect of manganese on the crystallization process, microstructure and selected properties: cast iron hardness as well as ferrite and pearlite microhardness. The compacted graphite was obtained by Inmold technology. The lack of significant effect on the temperature of the eutectic transformation was demonstrated. On the other hand, a significant reduction in the eutectoid transformation temperature with increasing manganese concentration has been shown. The effect of manganese on microstructure of cast iron with compacted graphite considering casting wall thickness was investigated and described. The nomograms describing the microstructure of compacted graphite iron versus manganese concentration were developed. The effect of manganese on the hardness of cast iron and microhardness of ferrite and pearlite were given.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1269-1275
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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