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Tytuł:
Assessment of the transparency of the functioning of the Church Fund in Poland in terms of granting it
Autorzy:
Bernaciński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
grants
public funds
Church Fund
transparency
Opis:
This paper attempts to assess the transparency of the Church Fund’s operations in the area of awarding grants for the maintenance and renovation of historic sacred buildings and for supporting socially useful ecclesiastical activities. For this purpose, the author has outlined the procedure for awarding grants from the Church Fund by the Minister of the Interior and Administration. The author has also presented the practice of secretly increasing the budget of the Church Fund during the financial year, as observed in recent years, and the problem of not publishing decisions on awarding grants insofar as they concerned the distribution of funds from the said increase in the Fund’s budget. Basic measures have been proposed to potentially contribute to increasing the transparency of the granting procedure and to build citizens’ trust in the State. The area related to the financing of the Church Fund should be considered as non-transparent. On the other hand, the transparency of the grant award procedure is given credit for it is transparent, albeit apparently quite complicated, and is communicated to applicants in a comprehensible manner. When presenting the said procedure and assessing the functioning of the Church Fund in this respect, the author analyses and interprets the current provisions of the constitutional, statutory and sub-statutory rank laws in force applicable to the subject matter. Incidentally, elements of the historical overview of applicable laws are also used.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2021, 34; 9-25
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The model of municipal education expenditures in Poland. Policy, budget and demography
Autorzy:
Guziejewska, Beata
Majdzińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
local-government finance
budget policy
education
grants
Opis:
Research background: Municipal education expenditures finance the delivery of one of the key public services devolved by central government to lower levels of government. Traditional studies in this field are divided based on whether they consider socio-economic determinants or political factors within the new political economy. The study presented herein was undertaken to explore the role of demographic factors which are frequently ignored in research. Purpose of the article: This study seeks to identify which variables statistically significantly influence the level of education expenditures in municipalities. The empirical investigation is based on a sample of 2478 Polish municipalities and uses the 2016 Central Statistical Office data to analyse the correlations and regressions between municipal education expenditures and selected economic and socio-demographic factors. Methods: The parameters of the power and exponential model are estimated using the Generalised Least Squares Method. Findings & Value added: The results of the statistical analysis have shown a moderate, positive and significant correlation between municipalities' own revenue per capita and local share of education funding per capita. According to the regression analysis results, the model's explanatory variables accounted for 61% of the variance in municipal education expenditures per capita. The added value of the study is that it highlights the educational challenges related to the demographic situation in Poland that public authorities will soon have to address.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2018, 13, 3; 523-541
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Current Status of and Challenges in Regional Policies in Japan
Autorzy:
Ichishima, Munenori
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/917069.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Regional Revitalisation Policy
Distribution of Grants
Local Finance
Opis:
This study aims to explain current regional policies in Japan and to explore challenges in relation to the same. Specifically, I will focus on regional revitalisation policies implemented by the Abe cabinet since 2014 and examine whether grants for regional revitalisation policies are distributed in a way that political scientists have disputed for a long time. From the perspective of public policy analyses in political science, I will conduct statistical analyses by using aggregated data of local municipalities in Japan. Thus, I will clarify the current status of and challenges related to regional policies in Japan.
Źródło:
Investigationes Linguisticae; 2019, 43; 25-33
1426-188X
1733-1757
Pojawia się w:
Investigationes Linguisticae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does system of local government subsidisation fulfil revenue equalisation function? Evidence from Poland
Autorzy:
Sekuła, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18797245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
general grants
revenue equalization
own revenues
revenue equalisation function
Polska
Opis:
Research background: General grants in the system of local government finance should pursue five different functions. One of them is revenue equalization. This function is achieved if the revenue gap is reduced after the application of the subsidising mechanism. In addition, to be completed, the size of the support should be inversely proportional to own revenues. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to analyse the fulfilment of the revenue equalization function by general grants. Therefore, beside the theoretical analysis, which presents the general grants structure and the functions assigned to them, the article discusses the results of studies showing changes in the revenue gap after the application of the grant mechanism and the correlation between per capita own revenue and the amount of funds from selected parts (equalisation, balancing-regional, reserve, compensating) of the general grant. The following tentative research hypothesis was adopted: general grants fail to fulfil the revenue equalisation function. Methods: Two research methods were applied to achieve the aim of the article and verify the research hypothesis: descriptive statistics and correlation ? calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings & Value added: Based on the analyses, it was concluded that, once the corrective and equalising mechanism was applied, the range between the extreme per capita revenue values was reduced by 40?50% on average, at all local government levels, i.e. at commune (including cities with county right), county and province levels, in each year from the period analysed, i.e. 2012?2016. The correlation between the sizes of revenue before and after budget subsidising is always negative, whereas the strength of the relationship ranged between low and significant, depending on the local government level. It was found that general grants do fulfil the revenue equalisation function, which contradicts the initially formulated research hypothesis.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2017, 8, 4; 523-535
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DESIGNING A REVENUE STRUCTURE IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ENTITIES IN POLAND: TAXES VERSUS GRANTS
Autorzy:
Guziejewska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517116.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
public finance
fiscal relations
grants
local taxes
self-government finance
Opis:
This paper discusses the problem of rational forming of the financing system for local self-government entities. The concept of fiscal federalism as well as the role and importance of own revenues and revenues from the state budget transfers, which are slightly different from other unitary countries, have been referred to in this context. The aim of this paper is to statistically analyze the selected categories of local self-government revenues in Poland with regard to the local self-government total revenue in 2013 and the total expenditure between 1999 and 2013. The study involved methods for the analysis of dynamics of mass phenomena such as, first of all, fixed base indexes, the average rate of change indicator and the correlation and regression coefficients from time series. The correlation and regression coefficients from time series were calculated with the first difference method. The results of study demonstrate a statistically significant role of transfer revenues in the expenditure (with the exception of voivodeships) and a statistically insignificant effect of sensu stricto own revenues in the case of cities with poviat status, poviats and voivodeships. The results reveal that the spending policy of local self-governments in Poland is highly dependent on a specific category of revenue, which is referred to as “other revenue” in the study, as a result of the inflow of EU funds. In the long term, once this specific, incidental source of revenue has been exhausted, the local self-government finance may face serious disruption. Such conclusions may serve as a practical contribution to the creation of an early warning mechanism in the shaping of present and future fiscal policies.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2015, 10, 3; 45-63
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of economic effectiveness in the sources of renewable energy
Autorzy:
Kusto, Z.
Domagalski, J.
Saczuk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Gdańska Szkoła Wyższa
Tematy:
cost components
investment grants
investment expenditures
incremental cost method
NPV
Opis:
Economic efficiency of a small unconventional source of distributed generation is calculated by comparison of the source’s costs for heat and/or electricity with the costs of conventional generation. This paper describes the incremental cost method (MKN), which resembles the long-known LLC method.
Źródło:
Eco-Energetics: technologies, environment, law and economy; 2018, 1; 33--40
2657-5922
2657-7674
Pojawia się w:
Eco-Energetics: technologies, environment, law and economy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
American grant funding in environmental science
Autorzy:
Gallinaro, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
granty amerykańskie
program
wniosek
źródło finansowania
American grants
programms
proposal
sources
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2009, 5, 1; 25-31
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SYSTEMS OF GENERAL GRANTS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN SELECTED EU COUNTRIES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE GENERAL THEORY OF FISCAL POLICY
Autorzy:
Sekuła, Alicja
Śmiechowicz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
fiscal policy
general grants
European Union
central government expenditures
public finance
Opis:
Fiscal policy, including its expenditure aspect, is often discussed and analysed from a variety of angles in the literature on public finances, undoubtedly due to the major importance of this topic. However, not all areas of the expenditure part of fiscal policy have been subjected to in-depth analysis. One of the less discussed tools of fiscal policy consists of general purpose transfers, which are a certain type of expenditure passed from the central budget to local governments. This study focuses on presenting the systems for subsidising sub-national governments in selected European countries and evaluating, based on a synthetic measure, the fiscal policies of France, Italy, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Poland and Finland implemented by means of general transfers, with the aim of identifying the best fiscal policy with respect to subsidising and the characteristic features determining its success. The method of unitisation of statistical feature values was employed in this study to enable comparative analysis. As suggested by the results of the analysis, spanning the years 2003–2012, the highest-ranked fiscal policy implemented via general-purpose transfers has been developed in the Netherlands.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2016, 11, 4; 711-734
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grants and tax subsidies as the main forms of state aid – a perspective of the state of public finance
Autorzy:
Podsiadło, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
State aid
the European Union
grants
tax subsidies
general government sector debt
Opis:
State aid according to Article 107 par. 1 TFEU brings economic advantage to certain enterprises or productions of certain goods, excluding others. In other words, the given measure cannot be regarded as State aid, if it does not bring any benefits to the addressed entity. State aid may therefore be described as the selective increment of financial benefits to an enterprise or a group of enterprises, which at the same time is accompanied by formation of a financial burden on the side of public finances. This burden may be in the form of public spending to enterprises or reducing the regulatory burdens imposed on the enterprises. In the first case it will be aid provided by active support mechanisms, such as grants, interest rate subsidies on bank credits, refunds, preferential and conditionally discharged loans, sureties, and credit guarantees. In the second case it will be the aid provided by tax exemptions and tax deferrals (tax subsidies), the conversion of enterprise debt to capital, or postponing the payment of specific public contributions. The subject of the article is to present the conditions of admissibility of State aid in the European Union. This should lead to verify the hypothesis of the influence of State aid on the state of public finance in EU Member States which provided State aid in the form of grants and tax subsidies in the years 2000–2016. This analysis is carried out based on the linear regression model. The response variable (dependent variable Y) is the size of the general government sector debt, and explanatory variable (independent variable X) is state aid in the form: 1) grants; 2) tax exemptions and tax deferrals. In the other words, the hypothesis highlights that State aid in the form of grants and tax subsidies, in respect to the whole European Union and particularMember States, should be positively correlated with the size of the general government sector debt. Results: The conducted analysis of regression indicated that State aid in the form of grants and tax subsidies (tax exemptions + tax deferrals) and the size of the general government sector debt are linearly dependent – respectively regarding 22 and 14 Member States, which in the years 2000–2016 provided State aid in these forms.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 2(92); 90-109
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Involvement of cities with county rights in financing tasks pertaining to physical culture
Zaangażowanie miast na prawach powiatu w finansowanie zadań w zakresie kultury fizycznej
Autorzy:
KRASUCKA, Maja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/435009.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
budget
grants
local government
financing sports activity
budżet
dotacje
samorząd terytorialny
finansowanie sportu
Opis:
Units of local governments in Poland are responsible for running actions in the sphere of physical culture. The growing number of people practicing sports, as well as social and rearing aspects related to sports exert an influence on the activity of sports clubs and social organizations which promote physical culture. While only some sports organizations are self-sufficient economically, most of them must rely on public support. In Poland, like in the majority of European countries, one of the main sources of financing are public grants. Cities with county rights (CCRs), being a specific type of commune, undertake tasks of both communes and counties. In the sphere of tasks pertaining to physical culture this can manifest itself by higher budgetary expenses in general, including grants. Local tasks connected with sport are stiffly defined by central regulations only to an insignificant extent. Therefore it is accepted that local governments possess considerable autonomy as regards deciding about allocation of the means assigned for their realization. This concerns also the grant-based expenses. Thus, the aim of the article is to examine whether the scale of expenses borne on physical culture, including local government grants, is dependent on the size of CCRs and on the level of their financial autonomy. In this paper, the author presents differences in expenses from budgets of CCRs on tasks pertaining to physical culture (Section 926 of the budgetary classification), with particular taking account of grants which constitute them. The basic tools of descriptive statistics and study of interdependences were used. A very large spatial difference in the examined variables, both in the regional framework and within the types of communes, was found. The mean interdependence was identified between grant-based expenses and the level of financial autonomy of the cities with county rights.
Jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce są odpowiedzialne za działania z zakresu kultury fizycznej. Rosnąca liczba osób uprawiających sport, oddziaływanie społeczne i wychowawcze sportu wpływają na aktywność klubów sportowych i organizacji społecznych promujących kulturę fizyczną. Podczas gdy tylko niektóre organizacje sportowe są samowystarczalne pod względem ekonomicznym, dla większości z nich wsparcie publiczne pozostaje niezbędne. W Polsce, podobnie jak w większości krajów europejskich, jednym z głównych źródeł ich finansowania są dotacje ze środków publicznych. Miasta na prawach powiatu (MNPP), jako szczególny rodzaj gminy, podejmują zadania zarówno gmin, jak i powiatów. W sferze zadań dotyczących kultury fizycznej może to przejawiać się wyższymi wydatkami budżetowymi ogółem, w tym dotacjami. Zadania lokalne związane ze sportem w nieznacznym stopniu są sztywno definiowane przepisami centralnymi. Dlatego przyjmuje się, że samorządy posiadają znaczną swobodę w decydowaniu o przeznaczeniu środków na ich realizację. Dotyczy to także wydatków dotacyjnych. Stąd też celem artykułu jest zbadanie czy skala wydatków na kulturę fizyczną, w tym samorządowego dotowania, jest uzależniona od wielkości MNPP, a także od poziomu ich autonomii finansowej. W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie wydatków budżetowych MNPP na zadania z zakresu kultury fizycznej (dział 926 klasyfikacji budżetowej), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem składających się nań dotacji. Zastosowano podstawowe narzędzia statystyki opisowej oraz badania współzależności. Zidentyfikowano bardzo duże zróżnicowanie przestrzenne badanych zmiennych tak w ujęciu regionalnym, jak i w obrębie typów gmin. Zidentyfikowano średnią zależność między wydatkami dotacyjnymi a poziomem autonomii finansowej MNPP.
Źródło:
Economic and Environmental Studies; 2018, 18, 4; 1261-1280
1642-2597
2081-8319
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Environmental Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geothermal energy application for heating systems in selected towns in Poland – an insight and recommendation from the Icelandic point of view
Zastosowania energii geotermalnej w systemach ciepłowniczych w wybranych miastach Polski – spostrzeżenia i rekomendacje z punktu widzenia do świadczeń islandzkich
Autorzy:
Einarsson, O. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/203942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
geothermal energy
space heating
optimisation
Polska
EEA grants
energia geotermalna
ciepłownictwo
optymalizacja
Polska
granty EOG
Opis:
The paper presents some selected aspects related to optimal geothermal energy application for space heating systems in four Polish towns being in focus on the EEA Project “Geothermal energy – a basis for low-emission heating, improving living conditions and sustainable development – pre-feasibility studies for selected areas in Poland” (www.eeagrants.agh.edu.pl). A brief description of the current situation in each of the 4 towns considered for the Project (Konstantynów Łódzki, Poddębice, Sochaczew, Lądek-Zdrój) and a summary of the general recommendations for the implementation of district heating systems are given. These take into account significant experience and proven solutions applied in Iceland – a leading country in the world and Europe in terms of geothermal space heating systems. The papers also considers Norwegian experiences in using heat pumps in heating systems because in Polish conditions they are also of purpose.
W artykule przedstawiono niektóre wybrane aspekty związane z optymalnym zastosowaniem energii geotermalnej w systemach ciepłowniczych w czterech wybranych miastach w Polsce w ramach projektu EOG „Energia geotermalna – podstawa niskoemisyjnego ciepłownictwa, poprawy warunków życia i zrównoważonego rozwoju – wstępne studia możliwości dla wybranych obszarów w Polsce” (www.eeagrants.agh.edu.pl). Przedstawiono krótki opis aktualnej sytuacji w każdym z czterech miast rozważanych w Projekcie (Konstantynowie Łódzkim, Poddębicach, Sochaczewie, Lądku-Zdroju) oraz podsumowanie ogólnych zaleceń dotyczących wdrażania systemów ciepłowniczych. Uwzględniają one znaczące doświadczenie i sprawdzone rozwiązania stosowane w Islandii – wiodącym w Europie i na świecie pod względem stosowanie energii geotermalnej w ciepłownictwie. W artykule uwzględniono również norweskie doświadczenia w stosowaniu pomp ciepła w systemach grzewczych, ponieważ w polskich warunkach są one również niezwykle istotne.
Źródło:
Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych; 2017, R. 56, nr 2, 2; 171-188
0304-520X
Pojawia się w:
Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative Legal Analysis of Budget Grant Funding of Science in the European Union and the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Andreeva, Elena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
grants
budget funding
financial law
science
legislation
Financial Regulations of European Union and Russian Federation
Budget Code of Russian Federation
Opis:
In this article, the author examines the most significant characteristics of a such method of budgetary funding for research in the European Union and Russian Federation as grant funding. Grants are actively used for these purposes in many countries. Grant funding is especially popular in the European Union. The analysis of research grants in Russia and the EU shows that the legal regulation and the grant process in mentioned public entities are very similar, but there are differences. The author focuses her attention on highlighting the advantages of grant funding of science in the EU and Russia to exchange of experience. The author uses the following scientific methods: collection of information on grant funding in the European Union and the Russian Federation, comparative analysis of legislation, observation, formulation of conclusions.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2022, 25, 1; 33-50
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Building a research program at an American university: strategies for sustainable success
Tworzenie programu badawczego na amerykańskiej uczelni: skuteczne strategie
Autorzy:
W. Rozenblit, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu
Tematy:
funded research
research program support
grant competition
grants and contracts
finansowane badania
wsparcie dla programu badawczego
konkursy dotacyjne
granty i umowy
Opis:
This informational article discusses opportunities and strategies for how to develop an externally funded research program in the American academic environment, specifically in STE M (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) disciplines. It is presented from a long-term perspective of a faculty member with active research, who has served in all ranks (assistant, associate, and full professor) and has led a large academic department at the University of Arizona for several years. It is stipulated that the employment offer for a junior faculty include an adequate start-up package which allows to set the research program in motion by establishing a laboratory and hiring graduate students. The spectrum of funding sources for STE M research is given with a brief annotation of the current funding climate and mechanisms in the USA. As junior faculty face negative submission outcomes, strong encouragement and pragmatic advice is needed so that faculty can focus their efforts, persist in grant competitions, and ultimately succeed. Grant planning and submission suggestions that might help in this process and lead to good outcomes are given. The article concludes with the stipulation that faculty maintain high standards of academic integrity, ethics, and quality and not succumb to potentially perverse incentives to pursue funds just for the sake of generating higher quantitative indicators of their productivity.
Niniejszy artykuł opisuje możliwości i strategie tworzenia programów badawczych z zewnętrznym finansowaniem na amerykańskich uczelniach w dziedzinach ścisłych (nauki przyrodnicze, technologia, inżynieria oraz matematyka). Artykuł jest napisany z perspektywy wieloletniego pracownika naukowego, który prowadzi badania i przeszedł przez wszystkie szczeble kariery naukowej (asystent, profesor nadzwyczajny i profesor zwyczajny) oraz przez kilka lat stał na czele dużego wydziału na University of Arizona. Propozycja umowy zatrudnienia dla młodszego członka kadry naukowej powinna zawierać odpowiedni pakiet początkowy, który umożliwia rozpoczęcie programu badawczego przez otwarcie laboratorium i zatrudnienie laborantów spośród studentów. Spektrum źródeł finansowania badań w zakresie nauk ścisłych jest opisane wraz z krótką wzmianką o obecnym klimacie finansowym i mechanizmach finansowania w USA. Ponieważ młodszy członek kadry naukowej zmierzy się niejednokrotnie z odmową przyznania środków, będzie potrzebować zachęty oraz pragmatycznych porad, które pomogą skupić wysiłki, wytrwać i nadal startować w konkursach dotacyjnych, co ostatecznie zaowocuje uzyskaniem finansowania. Niniejszy artykuł zwiera również sugestie, jak planować granty i składać wnioski. Na zakończenie autor wnosi o to, żeby kadra naukowa zachowała wysokie standardy akademickiej uczciwości, etyki i jakości oraz nie ulegała pokusie pozyskiwania środków finansowych jedynie w celu generowania wyższych wskaźników swojej produktywności.
Źródło:
Medical Science Pulse; 2017, 11, 1
2544-1558
2544-1620
Pojawia się w:
Medical Science Pulse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Financing of instruments improving energy efficiency in Poland in the years 2014-2020
Autorzy:
Kochański, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/105938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Centrum Badań i Innowacji Pro-Akademia
Tematy:
energy efficiency
energy efficiency investments
EU grants
energy-saving investments
EU funding
financing
efektywność energetyczna
inwestycje w efektywność energetyczną
granty unijne
inwestycja energooszczędna
fundusze unijne
finansowanie
Opis:
This article presents an analysis of the methods and sources of financing for energy efficiency improvement in Poland planned for the years 2014-2020. The study provides an overview of the available information that will enable potential investors (public institutions and enterprises) to tailor a suitable financial engineering to the technical requirements of a planned energy-saving investment.
Źródło:
Acta Innovations; 2014, 10; 59-77
2300-5599
Pojawia się w:
Acta Innovations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 17

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