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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    EU Values and Constitutional Pluralism: The EU System of Fundamental Rights Protection
    Autorzy:
    Lenaerts, Koen
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706658.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-07-25
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Charter of Fundamental Rights
    CJEU
    Court of Justice of the European Union
    EU
    European Union
    fundamental right
    Opis:
    This article seeks to explore whether the EU system of fundamental rights protection allows room for constitutional pluralism. By looking at recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (the Court of Justice), it is submitted that the Court has answered that question in the affirmative, thereby respecting the diversity of the cultures and traditions of the peoples of Europe as well as their national identities. The application of the Charter does not rule out a cumulative application of fundamental rights. That being said, pluralism is not absolute, but must be weighed against the indivisible and universal values on which the European Union is founded. Logically, the question that arises is how we order pluralism. In this regard, I shall argue that it is not for the Court of Justice to decide when an EU uniform standard of fundamental rights protection is to replace (or coexist with) national standards. That decision is for the EU political institutions to adopt, since they enjoy the necessary democratic legitimacy to determine the circumstances under which the exercise of a fundamental right is to be limited for reasons of public interest. However, this deference to the EU political branches does not mean that EU legislative decisions are immune from judicial review. On the contrary, cases such as Schwarz and Digital Rights demonstrate that the Court of Justice is firmly committed to examining whether those legislative choices comply with primary EU law, and notably with the Charter. In this regard, when interpreting the provisions of the Charter, the Court of Justice – in dialogue with national courts and, in particular, constitutional courts – operates as the guarantor of the rule of law within the EU, of which fundamental rights are part and parcel. It is thus for those courts to make sure that each and every EU citizen enjoys a sphere of individual liberty which must, as defined by the Charter, remain free from public interferences.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 135-160
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fundamental Rights and the Obligation to Publicly Disclose Information on Tax Strategy
    Autorzy:
    Szymacha, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033975.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-10-27
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    tax transparency
    fundamental rights
    proportionality
    right to remain silent
    right to privacy
    tax strategies publication
    Opis:
    The aim of the article: The presented study concerns the problem of violations of fundamental rights caused by the law regulation contained in art. 27c of the Corporate Income Tax Act in Poland. This regulation provides obligation to publish information about introduced tax strategies. Yet, it may endanger many human rights and this article focuses on two of them – the right to remain silent, and the right of privacy. The aim of this article is to make an analysis of the standards presented by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Additionally, the standard presented by the Polish Constitutional Court is presented. Methodology: To decode these standards the comparative law method is used. Especially the case laws of these courts are presented and additionally, they are completed by the comparison of the acts that concern similar law institutions but come from different lawmakers. Results of the research: The results of the study do not provide a clear answer. However, they do allow for an approximation of the issue of possible violations of fundamental rights by the analyzed regulation. It is very likely that the analyzed regulation violates the right to remain silent and it is even close to certainty that the analyzed laws violate the right to privacy. The problem is not only the interference in these rights, but in its character as well. Under certain circumstances, interference with fundamental rights is acceptable but must be proportionate. Examined laws are only explained in terms of budgetary balance and the academic world points out that the purpose of this type of regulation is mainly of administrative convenience. This is far too little to consider this interference with fundamental rights imperative.
    Źródło:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 4, 32; 7-20
    2391-6478
    2353-5601
    Pojawia się w:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Right to Marriage according to the Provisions of the Main Legal Instruments of the UN and EU
    Autorzy:
    Mititelu, Cătălina
    Moise, Bogdan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40285494.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    the legal instruments
    right to marry
    the family
    the fundamental human rights
    Opis:
    Both in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Art. 16) and in the European Convention on Human Rights (Art. 12), the right to marriage is perceived and defined as a fundamental human right, as it was in fact enounced both by jus divinum and by jus naturale. Among other things, from the texts of the legal instruments, of prime importance to the nations of the world, one can note that a marriage can be concluded only between a man and a woman, and only if the following indispensable conditions are met, namely: a) the marriageable age laid down in the national law; b) the mutual consent of the future spouses; c) that the race, nationality or religion of the future spouses are not taken into account. Therefore, a valid marriage is concluded only by the persons of different sex (man and woman), and not by the people of any sex, as the Treaty of Nice (2000) stipulated. In the article, we also highlighted the fact that the right of a man and a woman to have a family is ontologically bound with the marriage. This reality proves in fact, once more, that the marriage and the family were and remain “two main institutions of the mankind.”
    Źródło:
    Ecumeny and Law; 2023, 11, 1; 137-154
    2353-4877
    2391-4327
    Pojawia się w:
    Ecumeny and Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Can the Right To Be Heard Be Respected without Access to Information about the Proceedings? Deficiencies of National Competition Procedure
    Autorzy:
    Bernatt, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530276.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-03-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    competition proceedings
    antitrust proceedings
    competition authority
    right to be heard
    due process
    right to fair hearing
    procedural fairness
    fundamental rights
    Opis:
    This article analyses Polish competition procedure from the perspective of a) the right to be heard, and b) the right to receive information about the proceedings. It points out problems with access to information about competition proceedings which influence the level of protection of the right to be heard in these proceedings. In order to appraise this issue, the article embarks upon an examination of the rules governing the right to be heard in Polish competition enforcement proceedings. It then focuses on the extent of the competition authority's obligation to inform undertakings about the actions addressed to them. The article includes discussion of the rules that circumscribe the parties’ right of access to evidence in the proceedings. Finally, proposals for changes in the practice of the competition authority, as well as in the Polish legal framework, are put forth. The new rules governing competition proceedings before the European Commission serve as an example for improvements in Polish competition procedures.
    Dans cet article, la procédure polonaise de concurrence est analysée dans l’optique du droit d’être entendu et du droit à l’information. Le but en est d’identifier les problèmes en matière d’accès à l’information sur la procédure de concurrence, susceptibles d’impact sur le niveau de protection du droit d’être entendu dont jouissent les entreprises qui sont les parties de la procédure. Les considérations contenues dans l’article se focalisent d’abord sur les dispositions qui règlent le droit d’être entendu pendant la procédure de concurrence. Ensuite, l’attention porte sur l’obligation qu’a l’autorité de concurrence d’informer les entreprises sur les actions intentées contre elles. L’article analyse aussi l’étendue de l’accès des parties de la procédure de concurrence aux éléments de preuve recueillis par l’autorité de concurrence. On formule également dans l’article des propositions de changements législatifs et pratiques en matière d’application du droit. Les règles nouvelles qui régissent les procédures de concurrence devant la Commission européenne sont prises en compte en tant qu’indications utiles à l’évolution de la procédure polonaise.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2012, 5(6); 91-110
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Federal Constitutional Court Decisions: „The Right to be Forgotten I” and „The Right to be Forgotten II” – The Expectation of Increased Cooperation with the Concurrent Need to Maintain Independence
    Autorzy:
    Jaś-Nowopolska, Magdalena
    Mengeler, Daniel
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910735.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Right to be Forgotten I
    Right to be Forgotten II
    precedence of application
    fundamental rights
    cooperation between European Court of Justice and the Federal Constitutional Court
    Opis:
    The article discusses the decisions “Right to be forgotten I” and “Right to be forgotten II” of 6 November 2019 by the Federal Constitutional Court, which redefine the relationship of cooperation between the Federal Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice in the area of fundamental rights. The Court has decided for the first time that where EU fundamental rights take precedence over German fundamental rights, the Court itself can directly review, on the basis of EU fundamental rights, the application of EU law by German authorities. In the first part, the article presents the previous system, including the precedence of application of EU law and its exceptions (ultra-vires review; identity review), as well as the controversial question of the interpretation of Article 51 (1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which is decisive for the applicability of the fundamental rights under the Charter. The focus is on the constitutional background of the German Basic Law for the protection of fundamental rights in the European multi-level system. Against this background, the second part of the article presents the facts and reasons for the decisions “Right to be forgotten I” and “Right to be forgotten II”. This is followed by an analysis of the consequences of these decisions for the protection of fundamental rights and cooperation between the European Court of Justice and the Federal Constitutional Court. In particular, the way in which fundamental EU rights can now be enforced before the Federal Constitutional Court is described in greater detail. The concluding part provides an overview of the open questions, risks and opportunities of this approach. Here the article illustrates the significant impact of the two decisions on dogmatic and procedural matters.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 2, 30; 69-88
    2300-3936
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The interaction between EU competition law procedures and fundamental rights protection: The case of the right to be heard
    Autorzy:
    Beumer, Elsbeth
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530002.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    article 6 ECHR
    article 47 Charter
    article 41 Charter
    fundamental rights as a general principle of EU law
    public enforcement
    defense rights
    right to be heard
    right to access documents
    Opis:
    This paper analyses the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on the rights of defense as enshrined in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. In particular, it assesses Strasbourg jurisprudence on the right to be heard and on the right to access documents. The paper considers whether the practice in EU competition law procedures complies with the fair trial standards that follow from Strasbourg judgments. Based on this assessment, the paper provides an answer to the question whether there is an overcompensation or undercompensation of fundamental rights protection in EU competition law procedures.
    Ce rapport analyse la jurisprudence de la Cour Européenne des droits de l’homme sur les droits de la défense stipulés dans l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Principalement, il apporte une analyse de la jurisprudence sur le droit d’être entendu et le droit d’accès aux documents. Le rapport considère si la pratique dans le droit de la concurrence de l’UE est en accord avec les normes d’un procès équitable découlées de la jurisprudence de Strasbourg. De cela, ce rapport répond à la question s’il y a une surcompensation quant à la protection des droits fundamentaux dans les procédures en droit de la concurrence, ou plutôt le contraire
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2014, 7(10); 9-34
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the Need of Specifying a Particular Purpose of the Goods in a Contract for Sale of Goods
    Autorzy:
    Święszkowska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46628898.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    non-conformity of goods
    correspondence with description
    satisfactory quality
    fitness for a particular purpose
    fitness for a general purpose
    implied terms
    physical defect
    hidden defect
    mistake about quality
    duty of acceptance of goods
    rejection right
    breach of contract
    fundamental breach
    Opis:
    Non-conformity of goods is the crucial matter in many cases on sale of goods. Usually, it is not difficult to determine conformity in the legal sense, when the parties have made express statements on that issue in the contract. Factual conformity, by contrast, depends on the actual properties of the delivered goods. For the commercial buyer who typically plans to resell the goods, the actual conformity is a matter of practical importance. Conformity in a legal sense is more important in cases when the buyer wants to use the goods himself for an intended purpose. The main objective of this article is to draw attention to the importance of specifying accurately the purpose for which the goods are being bought; the grade of quality or relevant standard as a pre-emptive measure for limiting the risk of receiving non-conforming goods in legal terms. The second purpose of this article is to compare the rules on conformity to see how they tackle the issue of allocating the risk for lack of non-conformity, and what the buyer can do to minimalize his risks. The article will start with an overview of English sales law, which has long served as the de facto international sales law for sales transactions. It then scrutinises the rules on conformity under the Convention on Contracts for International Sales of Goods (CISG). Finally, it compares all the relevant rules with Polish law.
    Źródło:
    Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2023, 15, 4; 233-256
    2080-1084
    2450-7938
    Pojawia się w:
    Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Human rights infringement against contemporary legal practice in several criminal cases
    Łamanie praw człowieka na przykładach aktualnej praktyki adwokackiej w kilku sprawach karnych
    Autorzy:
    Rydz-Sybilak, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685786.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    prawa człowieka
    ochrona praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności
    zakaz tortur i niehumanitarnego traktowania
    tymczasowe aresztowanie
    dowody obciążające
    prawo do obrony
    skarga do Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka
    human rights
    protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms
    prohibition to use tortures and inhuman treatment
    pre-trial detention
    incriminating evidence
    right to defense
    complain to the European Court of Human Rights
    Opis:
    Zagadnienia związane z ochroną przed torturami lub innym nieludzkim czy poniżającym traktowaniem uregulowane są w systemie europejskim nie tylko w Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka, ale również w Europejskiej Konwencji Przeciw Torturom, którą Komitet Ministrów Rady Europy przyjął 26 czerwca 1987 r., ratyfikowanej obecnie przez wszystkie 47 państw Rady Europy. Jest ona ważnym uzupełnieniem przede wszystkim w zakresie mechanizmu kontroli. Uznano, że system ochrony oparty na skargach indywidualnych i skargach między państwami należy wzmocnić środkami o charakterze prewencyjnym. Wiele sytuacji, w których na państwie ciążą poważne obowiązki, aby nie doszło do naruszenia art. 3 Konwencji, ma miejsce w związku z postępowaniem karnym prowadzonym przez organy uprawnione do realizowania zasady legalizmu. W tym miejscu podnieść niestety należy, iż pomimo ratyfikowania przez nasz kraj powyżej wskazanych aktów prawnych, właśnie w trakcie prowadzonych postępowań przygotowawczych w sprawach karnych najczęściej dochodzi do naruszeń praw człowieka w kontekście nakazu godnego i humanitarnego traktowania osób podejrzanych, czy już oskarżonych. Państwo musi zapewnić, aby postępowania te odbywały się w warunkach wskazujących na poszanowanie ludzkiej godności, a procedury i metody pozyskiwania dowodów obciążających podejrzanych nie powodowały u świadków czy też podejrzanych udręki lub cierpienia, których skala i intensywność przekraczałyby potrzeby procesowe osobistego zabezpieczenia osoby podejrzanego dla celów postępowania karnego, przy zachowaniu wymogów procedury karnej dotyczącej zatrzymania oraz stosowania środka zapobiegawczego w postaci tymczasowego aresztowania.
    Issues connected with protection against tortures or other forms of inhuman or degrading treatment are regulated in the European law not only in The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, but also in The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which was adopted by The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on June 26, 1987 and later ratified by all 47 countries of The Council of Europe. It is a key element in amending the control system. It has been agreed that the system based on individual and international pleas should be supported by preventive measures. Various situations in which the state has serious obligations so as to protect art. 3 of the Convention, take place following criminal proceedings by organs entitled to act according to legislation. It ought to be mentioned that despite our country’s ratification of the above mentioned legal acts, while conducting pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases, the violation of basic human rights and inhumane treatment of the suspects or the accused happen the most often. The state is responsible for securing proper conditions that would grant respect for one’s dignity and the procedures and methods of obtaining incriminating evidence are not to cause suffering whose scale and intensity would surpass needs of personal security of the accused or suspects during the proceedings in criminal trials, with respect to the legal procedures regulating the arrest and the use of preventative measures in form of a detention order.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2016, 77
    0208-6069
    2450-2782
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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