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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Enhancement of Executive Control through Short-term Cognitive Training: Far-transfer Effects on General Fluid Intelligence
    Autorzy:
    Nęcka, Edward
    Wujcik, Radosław
    Nowak, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128622.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cognitive training
    executive control
    intelligence
    Opis:
    We predicted that short-term training of executive control would improve both cognitive control itself (Hypothesis 1) and general fluid intelligence (Hypothesis 2). We randomly assigned 120 high school students to the experimental and control groups. The former underwent a 14-day training of four executive functions: interference resolution, response inhibition, task switching, and goal monitoring. The latter did not train anything. The training significantly improved cognitive control and IQ. The control group also improved their IQ scores but gained less than the experimental one. However, the amount of IQ scores enhancement did not correlate with the majority of indices of the training effectiveness, thus justifying the supposition that such enhancement resulted from the general effect of participation in the training rather than from the improvement of executive functions underlying Gf.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 1; 72-78
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fast or Accurate? The Change of Goals Modulates the Efficiency of Executive Control
    Autorzy:
    Castro, Sofía
    Bukowski, Marcin
    Lupiáñez, Juan
    Wodniecka, Zofia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130027.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    executive control
    goal maintenance
    goal change
    cognitive flexibility
    Opis:
    In the present study, we analyse the influence of goal maintenance and goal change on the efficiency of executive control. Although there is empirical evidence on the impact of goal maintenance and task-switching on executive control, little is known about the consequences of changing between processing goals (e.g., speed or accuracy goals). We assessed the influence of changing between speed and accuracy goals while performing a task-switching procedure that requires social categorization. Experiment 1 included frequent goal changes, whereas Experiment 2 included one goal change across the experimental session. The results showed that both goals influence general performance and flexibility. A comparison between experiments suggested that frequent goal change (Experiment 1) resulted in worse performance and lower flexibility overall, compared to sequential goal change (Experiment 2). Frequent goal change was also associated with increased difficulties in pursuing the accuracy goal. The implications regarding the role of goal maintenance and goal change on executive control are discussed, as well as new research possibilities.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2021, 52, 1; 49-66
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Self-Control Scale AS-36: Construction and validation study
    Autorzy:
    Nęcka, Edward
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430290.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    self-control
    self-control-questionnaire
    self-control scale
    executive control
    assessment
    Opis:
    This paper presents a validation study of a new questionnaire of self-control as an individual trait. The questionnaire has two parallel versions, one based on self-reports (AS-36) and another one based on informant reports (AS-36-3). Each version consists of three subscales, called Inhibition (12 items), Switching (12 items), and Goal Monitoring (12 items). Eight samples of participants (N = 935 altogether) took part in the validation study. Both versions obtained satisfactory indices of internal consistency, assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and split-half coefficients. Selfcontrol assessed with this scale proved to be entirely independent of general intelligence. However, AS-36 and AS-36-3 scores tended to correlate with other self-report measures of trait self control, such as Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone’s (2004) self-control scale. We conclude that AS-36 is a valid and reliable tool, suitable for assessment of self-control in both research and diagnostic settings.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 3; 488-497
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Two routes to closure: Time pressure and goal activation effects on executive control
    Autorzy:
    Kossowska, Małgorzata
    Bukowski, Marcin
    Czarnek, Gabriela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430862.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    need for closure
    time pressure
    goal activation
    executive control
    Opis:
    In the present study the impact of need for cognitive closure (NFC) manipulations via time pressure and explicit closure goal activation on executive control was investigated. Although there is some evidence that NFC, measured as an individual variable, is related to better performing in attentional tasks involving executive control, these results have never been validated across different manipulations of NFC. Thus, in the present study we induced NFC via internal and external time pressure and tested the impact of these manipulations on the performance in tasks that measure executive control, i.e., the Stroop and switching tasks. The results revealed that induced high (vs. low) NFC, indeed boosted performance in executive control tasks. Moreover, there was no difference in the effect of both NFC manipulations on task performance. The implications regarding the role of executive control and specific NFC manipulations in social cognition are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 3; 268-274
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Automaticity of lexical access and executive control in Croatian-German bilinguals and second language learners
    Autorzy:
    Vujnović Malivuk, Kristina
    Palmović, Marijan
    Zergollern-Miletić, Lovorka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780735.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    automaticity
    lexical access
    executive control
    bilingualism
    second language learning
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to explore automaticity of lexical access and executive functions of language learners and bilinguals while considering their language automaticity. Three groups of youths aged 14 to 18 were tested: Croatian-German early bilinguals, Croatian high school students who participated in a German immersion programme at school and Croatian high school students of German as a foreign language. The participants were tested on a modified version of the Stroop test (i.e., a Stroop-like test). It presented pictures of an animal or an object with names of an animal or an object written over the picture. The names were written in Croatian or German and were either congruent or incongruent. Lexical access was slower for the bilinguals in both Croatian and German, which suggests that they used more of their cognitive resources because both of their languages were highly active, and more executive control was required to complete the task.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2018, 8, 4; 755-774
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aligning Executive Incentives with Global Public Health Goals
    Autorzy:
    Pearce, J.
    Denkenberger, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917658.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Tobacco control
    alcohol control
    global public health
    executive compensation
    Opis:
    Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO)estimates that together tobacco and alcohol kill about 9 million people annually despite aggressive and widespread public health controls. These legal industries persist because of the demand for their products and their substantial economic influence, which is magnified by the concentration of wealth in the executives of leading corporations that profit from increased legal drug sales.Materials and methods: This preliminary study quantifies the link between global premature deaths from these legal addictive drugs as a function of executive compensation in order to provide the necessary data to make more effective policy recommendations for preventing legal drug-related deaths.Results: The results indicate a need to incentivize chief executive officers(CEOs), such that they have a constant marginal utility per life saved.Conclusions: An executive compensation incentive that moves to eliminate tobacco use is achieved by a pay structure that increases exponentially with the number of lives saved.Key words:tobacco control; alcohol control; global public health; executive compensation
    Źródło:
    Progress in Health Sciences; 2015, 5, 2; 16-23
    2083-1617
    Pojawia się w:
    Progress in Health Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Exploring the link between a theory of mind and executive functions in preschool children
    Autorzy:
    Memisevic, Haris
    Biscevic, Inga
    Pasalic, Arnela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137704.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-03-19
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
    Tematy:
    theory of mind
    preschool children
    executive functions
    inhibitory control
    age and gender effects
    Opis:
    Acquisition of the theory of mind (TOM) is a very important milestone in the development of preschool children. TOM is especially important for the development of children’s social skills. The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of age, gender and executive functions (EF) on the acquisition of TOM. The sample in this study consisted of 116 preschool children aged 36-72 months (mean age 58.8 months, SD= 9.5 months). In relation to the child’s gender, there were 56 girls (48.3%) and 60 boys (51.7%). The Sally Anne test- a task purporting to measure TOM, was used as a dependant variable and age, gender, and EF measures were used as the predictors. Logistic regression was used as a method to determine the effects of predictors on TOM. The results of this study indicated that success on the TOM test can best be predicted by the inhibitory control, followed by verbal fluency and child’s age. The gender of the child was not associated with TOM acquisition. The overall model explained between 27% and 38% of the variance in the TOM scores. Inhibitory control is the executive function that had the greatest predictive power for the results on the theory of the mind task. The findings of this study can help early interventionists in the modification of existing preschool curricula, so that they include more activities that would foster the development of the theory of mind in preschool children. Future studies should aim to find a better model of theory of mind predictors by examining the effects of other executive function constructs, such as working memory.
    Źródło:
    Acta Neuropsychologica; 2018, 16(1); 17-26
    1730-7503
    2084-4298
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Neuropsychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ON FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES IN POLAND AND FRANCE
    Autorzy:
    Augustyniak, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915917.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    functional relations of municipal bodies
    division of competences and tasks
    legislative and control functions
    executive function
    Opis:
    The article presents the platform of functional relations between the legis-lative body and the executive body of the municipality in the Polish and French legal order . Reflections made in this respect should help improve the model of both bodies of the municipality in the scope of tasks and competences, shaping the platforms of their joint and separate relations . Determining the manner of implementation of tasks and competences of the municipal bodies based on the principle of cooperation should be an aspiration of the legislator to normatively and factually balance the legal status of both municipal bodies . The analysis of the determinants of the functioning of legislative and executive bodies is aimed at proposing directions of changes in their functional relations, in order to increase the efficiency of their operation as the most important determinant of efficient management of the local community.
    Źródło:
    Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 31, 4; 111-129
    2545-384X
    Pojawia się w:
    Review of European and Comparative Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Systemic approach to civil protection in Poland
    Ujęcie systemowe ochrony ludności w Polsce
    Autorzy:
    Sobolewski, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060836.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego
    Tematy:
    national security
    national security system
    security risks
    crisis management
    civil protection
    life-saving
    public authorities
    civil protection system
    control subsystem
    executive bodies
    bezpieczeństwo narodowe
    system bezpieczeństwa narodowego
    zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa
    zarządzanie kryzysowe
    ochrona ludności
    ratownictwo
    organ administracji publicznej
    system ochrony ludności
    podsystem kierowania
    podmioty wykonawcze
    Opis:
    Introduction: In Poland, the security of the State and its citizens is the responsibility of the national security system. One if its major parts is civil protection (public security). The framework used to ensure civil security is the civil protection system, with life-saving as its primary concern. Aim: The primary goal of this study was to identify the civil protection system within the domain of Poland’s national security, to describe its mission and range of responsibilities, and to suggest what should be changed. The main research problem, as addressed by this study, was expressed as the following questions: What function does the civil protection system currently serve within Poland’s national security? What are its core focus and responsibilities, and what are its development needs and priorities? Results: For this study, it was assumed that the core focus of civil protection were actions designed to reduce any possible risks to human life or health (prevention and counter measures), and once such risks materialise, to provide efficient response to ensure effective security. In a broader sense, civil protection within national security can be considered as a set of nationwide measures intended to ensure the safety of all citizens, property and the environment. In view of the above, civil protection can be understood as the set of measures implemented by government and local-government administration, plus any security-related capabilities and measures (national resources), allocated or set up to prevent, prepare for or respond to any security risks, or to restore any victim population to normal functioning. It was assumed that a civil protection system is an internally coordinated system of capabilities, measures and resources designed to prevent any risks to civil security, and to provide expeditious response to situations that might put citizens’ lives or health at risk. Today, this system is significantly fragmented, and civil protection is often intermingled with such areas as crisis management, public security, safe and secure public environment, and national defence. An effective civil protection system should be an interdisciplinary and well-integrated system capable of responding to any current and expected civil security challenges and threats across various national circumstances.
    Wprowadzenie: W Polsce za bezpieczeństwo państwa i jego obywateli odpowiedzialny jest system bezpieczeństwa narodowego. W jego strukturze możemy wyróżnić bardzo istotny element, jakim jest ochrona ludności (bezpieczeństwo powszechne). Organizacyjną postacią zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa ludności jest system ochrony ludności, a jego wiodącą dziedziną – ratownictwo. Cel: Zasadniczy cel badań prezentowanych w artykule zawierał się w identyfikacji systemu ochrony ludności w obszarze bezpieczeństwa narodowego RP, przedstawieniu jego misji i zakresu działań oraz określeniu pożądanych kierunków zmian. Główny problem badawczy wyrażono w postaci pytań: Jaką funkcję spełnia obecnie system ochrony ludności w bezpieczeństwie narodowym Polski? Co stanowi jego przedmiot działań oraz jakie istnieją potrzeby i priorytety rozwoju? Wyniki: W rozważaniach przyjęto założenie, że istotą ochrony ludności jest działalność mająca na celu obniżanie ryzyka zagrożeń dla życia i zdrowia człowieka (profilaktyka i prewencja), a w przypadku ich wystąpienia sprawne reagowanie, które powinno objawiać się skuteczną ochroną. W ujęciu szerokim ochronę ludności w bezpieczeństwie narodowym można traktować jako zespół przedsięwzięć państwa, których celem jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa obywateli, mienia i środowiska. Wobec tego ochronę ludności możemy interpretować jako zestaw działań administracji rządowej i samorządowej oraz działalność sił i środków (zasobów państwa) w zakresie bezpieczeństwa, wykonywanych z zamiarem zapobiegania, przygotowania, reagowania i odtworzeniu równowagi funkcjonowania poszkodowanej ludności. Przyjęto, że system ochrony ludności to skoordynowany wewnętrznie układ wydzielanych przez państwo sił i środków oraz zasobów ukierunkowanych na zapobieganie powstawaniu zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa ludności, a także sprawnym reagowaniu na sytuacje zagrażające zdrowiu i życiu obywateli. Współcześnie ów system jest bardzo rozproszony i często problematyka ochrony ludności przeplata się z zagadnieniami z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego, bezpieczeństwa publicznego, bezpieczeństwa społecznego i obronności państwa. Można przyjąć, że poprawnie funkcjonujący system ochrony ludności powinien mieć charakter interdyscyplinarny, zintegrowany, a także być zdolny do odpowiedzi na aktualne oraz prognozowane wyzwania i zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa ludności w różnych stanach funkcjonowania państwa.
    Źródło:
    Safety and Fire Technology; 2019, 54, 2; 116--131
    2657-8808
    2658-0810
    Pojawia się w:
    Safety and Fire Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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