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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Eugenics and Bioethics
    Autorzy:
    Delgrosso, Marco
    Borges de Meneses, Ramiro Délio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130865.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
    Tematy:
    Eugenics
    Bioethics and Philosophical Foundations
    Opis:
    Eugenics is a science that aims to promote and develop the innate qualities of the human species using the laws of genetic inheritance, making artificial selections of physical and mental traits, maintaining positive traits or removing those considered negative. In this paper we will illustrate the history of eugenics by touching on several points, from Plato’s early ideas to Galton’s founding of modern eu- genics, to the ideas of American proogressivism at the beginning of the 20th century, to the euge- nic programme implemented by Nazi Germany (AktionT4) during the Second World War, up to the present day with the development of genetic engineering technologies. The new eugenics, although based on science, continues to pursue the same goal as the old eugenics, the development of a superior individual and the elimination of those considered inferior.
    Źródło:
    Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2019, 1 (32); 51-58
    1898-8431
    Pojawia się w:
    Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Concept of the 'New Soviet Man' As a Eugenic Project: Eugenics in Soviet Russia after World War II
    Autorzy:
    Bardziński, Filip
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781241.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    eugenics
    New Soviet Man
    Lysenkoism
    biopower
    Opis:
    This article penetrates the idealistic, Marxist concept of the 'new  Soviet man', linking it with the notion of eugenics. Departing from a reconstruction of the history and specificity of the eugenic movement in Russia since the late 19th century until the installation of Joseph Stalin as the only ruler of the Soviet Union, Lysenkoism paradigm of Soviet natural sciences is being evoked as a theoretical frame for Soviet-specific eugenic programme. Through referring to a number of chosen – both theoretical (classic Marxist works) and practical (chosen aspects of Soviet science and internal politics) – issues and cases, the concept of the 'new Soviet man' is being confronted with an original reading of eugenics, understood in neo-Lamarckian terms of direct shaping human beings through environmental conditions (comprehending the GULag system of labour camps, pseudo-medical experiments and other) and intergenerational transfer (through inheritance) of acquired traits.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2013, 4, 1; 57-81
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The biopolitics of violence: Instances of Anti-Semitism in interwar Romania
    Autorzy:
    Panu, Mihai Adrian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628091.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
    Tematy:
    Anti-Semitism, Ethnicity, Biopolitics, Eugenics, Eastern Europe
    Opis:
    The primacy of totalitarian ideologies in interwar Europe represents even nowadays a major historiographical challenge due to its multicausal character and various forms of appearance. This paper attempts to analyze the anti-Semitic phenomenon in interwar Romania primarily by taking into account its determinant factors. We assume that the emergence of radical ideologies in Central and Eastern Europe can optimally be understood if both regional and systemic causes are properly highlighted. The regional causes include local societal predispositions, ethno-cultural cleavages and specific political movements. On the other hand the systemic causes imply predominantly geopolitical factors and the repartition of power in the international system. Moreover we assume that the emergence and manifestations of extremism can be considered a direct result of political disputes between ethno-cultural groups which were systematically exposed to ideological and propaganda pressure.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2015, 6, 2; 43-52
    2081-1640
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Romanian Eugenic Sub-Culture and the Allure of Biopolitics, 1918–39
    Autorzy:
    Turda, Marius
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601475.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    sub-culture
    eugenics
    biopolitics
    interwar Romania
    Transylvania and the Banat
    Opis:
    By the late 1920s a considerable body of eugenic literature in Romanian, Hungarian and German had been produced in Romania, illustrating the growing importance afforded to science and evolutionary theories of human improvement in this country. Engaging with this literature, this article investigates the emergence of a Romanian sub-culture in Transylvania and the Banat, sanctioned through eugenics and biopolitics, and promoted by cultural associations and prominent intellectuals and politicians. In so doing, this article contributes not only to a new appraisal of the relationship between ethnic minorities and majorities in interwar Romania, but also to a new understanding of the ways in which eugenics and biopolitics were harnessed to Romanian narratives of nation-building during the interwar period.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2016, 114
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    When Law Forgets About Dignity”: Selected Historical and Modern Contexts of Sterilisation of People with Disabilities
    Autorzy:
    Sobański, Piotr
    Kmieciak, Błażej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-08-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    human dignity
    sterilisation of disabled people
    human rights
    eugenics
    suffering
    Opis:
    What is human dignity? How to define the dignity of a person? Is it possible to identify key features that show the principles of respecting the dignity of another person? Attempts to define the concept indicated here may inevitably fail. On the one hand, human dignity is a universal concept. It refers to all people. Nevertheless, on the other hand, each of us has our own sense of dignity. Paradoxically, e.g., humiliation of a particular person’s dignity shows us the importance of the area that has been violated. Similar violations often affect sick and disabled persons. Examples of similar activities throughout human history abound. In this context, special attention should be paid to the interventions undertaken by the Nazis before theoutbreak of WWII. Here, we are talking especially about mass and legalised activities that resulted in the sterilisation of many thousands of people with intellectual disabilities, people with physical disabilities and people experiencing mental disorders. The Nazi practices indicated here are presented as examples of human right violations. At the same time, they are examples of the unlawful rule of the state over an individual. Is there still a danger of reverting to similar practices today? Can standards of respect for human rights created years ago successfully protect disabled people against violation of their dignity? Can the knowledge of Nazi activities still be important to us? The presented article is intended as an attempt at answering these questions.
    Źródło:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2020, 28; 129-148
    2300-391X
    Pojawia się w:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Conflicting Perspectives on Ecofeminist Principles
    Autorzy:
    Holder, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1808099.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-11-24
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    ecofeminism
    feminism
    animal rights
    anthropocentrism
    women’s rights
    racism
    eugenics
    Opis:
    Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935) was one of the most productive American writers of the turn of the century. She was an author of novels, short stories, non-fiction essays and poems, well known as an activist fighting for women's rights and a precursor of feminism. Gilman proposed a redefinition of the roles in domestic life and society, with women taking more prominence. The writer rejected the male dominant role prevailing in patriarchal society and supported other emancipation movements. Using the affinity of man and animals, Gilman initiated an ecofeminist discourse by presenting a different vision, and proposing new views on the assumptions that underpin her contemporary culture. In her feminist work on the equality of women, Gilman has repeatedly drawn attention to the overt display of cruelty against animals. While addressing their rights and freedoms, the writer emphasized the similarities between women and animals in the patriarchal system, both being treated in subhuman disregard against the privileged position of men. However, her attitude towards animals is not precise and the writer repeatedly formulates conclusions that are surprisingly contradictory to her own views. In her utopian novels, the writer emphasized the potential threat from animals to humans and even questioned the animals’ overall significance. Gilman's views often clash with veiled anthropocentrism, and her ambivalent attitude to the issue of human-animal dependencies makes it impossible to reduce her views to one particular attitude. Her radical feminist views, focused primarily on women's empowerment and the fight against patriarchy, aimed for the overall transformation of society. However, the lack of consistency in Gilman’s views is also manifested in her ambivalent attitude to the overall issue of equality. As she focused on improving the situation of women, Gilman simultaneously ignored the problems of other marginalized social groups, with an undercurrent of racism, class prejudice and xenophobia showing through her writings.
    Źródło:
    Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature; 2020, 1; 27-41
    2391-9426
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Eugenics on the Periphery: Or Why a ‘Belarusian Eugenic Project’ Did Not Come True (1918–44)
    Autorzy:
    Zamoiski, Andrei
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601489.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    eugenics
    health care
    family policy
    Nazi crimes
    racial hygiene
    sterilization
    propaganda
    biology
    psychiatry
    abortion
    Opis:
    The interwar period was characterized by the active development of national eugenics projects in Europe. A number of factors contributed to the interest in eugenics and the desire to implement them: the making of new states and consolidation of nations in East Central Europe, the need to overcome the legacy of the Great War and deal with social problems (for example, venereal diseases and prostitution), and the development of scientific and international academic contacts. Belarusian debates on eugenics took place mostly on the periphery of the more developed discourses – those in Russia, Poland, and, later on, in Germany. The Russian scholars in the larger university centres contributed to the development of the Soviet eugenics project, which gained the support of the Soviet authorities. In the first decade of their rule, the Bolsheviks were not against debates on eugenics about how to improve the ‘nature of man’. The Soviet eugenics project, which focused on studying problems of heredity, genetics, and genealogy, was stopped when the authorities placed rigid ideological controls over science. In Soviet Belarus, no academic circle appeared that engaged in the debates on eugenics. The development of the eugenics movement in Poland was closely linked to the formation of the newly established Polish state. After the Great War, the Polish eugenics movement made attempts to integrate itself into the public life of the country. Polish medical doctors contributed to the development of the eugenics movement. During the Second World War, a group of Belarusian nationalists tried to formulate a basis for a Belarusian racial eugenics project, following the main ideas of Nazi ‘racial hygiene’.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2016, 114
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is Pedagogy Transhuman? Reflections on the Relationship Between Pedagogy and Transhumanism
    Czy pedagogika jest transhumanistyczna? Refleksje nad relacją między pedagogiką a transhumanizmem
    Autorzy:
    Hebert, Estella
    Damberger, Thomas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/448880.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    death
    cryonics
    enhancement
    immortality
    genetic engineering
    eugenics
    śmierć
    krionika
    ulepszenie
    nieśmiertelność
    inżynieria genetyczna
    eugenika
    Opis:
    The following contribution aims at discussing the role of pedagogy against the background of a time in which limits are overcome through the use of new technologies. It is argued that pedagogy is in some way itself always related to both the recognition, as well as the overcoming, of limits. This can be seen first of all in the fact that both a recognition of the limit of the self as well as (or rather in differentiation to) a limit of the other are necessary in order to recognise oneself in the first place and therefore are essential to the constitution and formation of the self and the world. Secondly, the basic duty of pedagogy could be defined as the forming of human beings through the use of educational tools and by changing the limits that constitute the self. Adhering to this definition would therefore assume that there is a transhuman moment inherent in pedagogy itself.
    Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje kwestię roli jaką pedagogika pełni w czasach, w których kolejne granice są przezwyciężane dzięki nowym technologiom. Autorzy argumentują, że w pewnym sensie pedagogika zawsze wiąże się zarówno z uznaniem, jak i przekraczaniem granic. Po pierwsze, świadczy o tym fakt, że zarówno uznanie granic własnej jaźni, jak i granic (bądź raczej odróżnianie się od) innego jest konieczne przede wszystkim w celu autoidentyfikacji. Z tego też powodu uznanie tych granic jest istotne dla konstytuowania i formowania własnej jaźni oraz otaczającego nas świata. Po drugie, podstawowe zobowiązanie pedagogiki może zostać zdefiniowane jako kształtowanie człowieka dzięki narzędziom edukacyjnym i zmianie tych ograniczeń, które konstytuują jaźń. Stosowanie takiej definicji zakładałoby, że w samej pedagogice zawarty jest moment transhumanistyczny.
    Źródło:
    Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana; 2017, 20, 1; 41-56
    2450-5358
    2450-5366
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Issues related to the statutory ban on eugenic abortion in Poland (in the opinion of representatives of the community of people with disabilities)
    Autorzy:
    Zaorska, Marzenna
    Zaorski, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941111.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    eugenics
    eugenic abortion
    disability
    disabled person
    opinion of disabled people on the ban on eugenic abortion
    Opis:
    The issues of eugenics, although they clearly emerged as late as in the second half of the nineteenth century, was not unknown to humanity in the distant ancient times. From the moment when F. Galton consolidated the theses currently recognized as eugenics, simultaneously introducing the concepts of “eugenics” and “eugenic”, eugenics very quickly found its supporters around the world. Its exceptional exemplification and development was noted in the first half of the twentieth century, which absolutely does not mean that it does not exist nowadays in a different form, using other methods of control and elimination of imperfections of the Homo Sapiens species, as well as undesirable social phenomena. This includes activities not only aimed at prevention, diagnosis or therapy of individual and civilization problems, but are also more radical ones, such as abortion carried out for eugenic purposes. Thus, the content of the article not only discusses eugenic issues in the theoretical context, but also presents opinions of selected groups of people with disabilities,participating in the implementation of the project entitled: “Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a Common Matter”, conducted in Poland in 2016–2018, concerning the proposal to introduce a total ban on eugenic abortion into Polish legislation.
    Źródło:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2019, 26; 389-403
    2300-391X
    Pojawia się w:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dark Agents of Sex: Searching for the Sources of Prostitution in Early Twentieth Century Poland
    Autorzy:
    Uzarczyk, Kamila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601485.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    prostitution
    nature versus nurture debate
    social hygiene
    eugenics
    traffic in women and children
    anti-Semitism
    Polska
    Opis:
    A rise of interest in issues of heredity and advances in medicine in the nineteenth century resulted in the widespread medicalization of social phenomena. Theories formulated in the field of natural sciences increasingly served as a tool to explain unacceptable patterns of social behaviour, including prostitution which began to be seen as a biologically determined condition. As a main channel for the spread of STDs – some of them potentially transmissible across generations (congenital syphilis) – prostitution became one of the major concerns of medical professionals. Thus, what was previously a sin and an insult to middle-class moral standards, now came to be seen as a health menace to the entire population. In times of increased competition between nation-states, the latter argument played an even more important role, and the ruling elites sought to tighten control over what they perceived as ‘dangerous bodies’. As campaigners against the ‘great social evil’ also analysed prostitutes’ social milieu, discourses on the causes of prostitution were highly confusing. One source of confusion was Morel’s theory of degeneration, in which the author skilfully combined environmental influence with the concept of hereditary pathology. Additionally, some authors still adhered to a much older explanation for social ills. The construction of an evil ‘Other’ – typically unscrupulous Jew – responsible for planting various physical and/or moral ‘plagues’ in a victimized population, thus threatening its biological existence. The fear of deterioration, inevitably leading to extinction, unified proponents of old-style and modernist anti-vice campaigners. This article offers an overview of expert narratives on the causes of prostitution in the early decades of twentieth century Poland.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2016, 114
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Searching for Progress: Progressivism and the U.S. Supreme Court Jurisprudence (Some Remarks)
    Podążając w kierunku rozwoju: progresywizm a orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych (wybrane uwagi)
    Autorzy:
    Sokalska, Edyta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918803.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    judicial review
    constitutional law
    eugenics
    racism
    labor law
    the Progressive Movement
    kontrola sądowa
    prawo konstytucyjne
    eugenika
    rasizm
    prawo pracy
    ruch progresywny
    Opis:
    In American legal historiography, the debate concerning the exact contours and reforms of the Progressive Era is still ongoing. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the American reform movements tried to match American ideals with the challenges of the times. Although progressive attitudes toward the economy, taxation, foreign policy, labor law, social standards, human rights, women’s suffrage, rapid urbanization and unrestricted immigration highlighted the necessity of reforms, such progress was seen from a variety of perspectives. We may ask the question if American legal thought that time was really progressive. The jurisprudence of the U.S. Supreme Court profoundly influenced the shape of the legal order in economic and labor law. Unfortunately, some decisions were not compatible with the visions of progressive reformers and reflected the ideological attitudes of the justices rather than an aspiration for reform.
    Mająca miejsce w amerykańskiej historiografii debata dotycząca właściwych ram czasowych oraz reform, jakie zostały przedsięwzięte w Erze progresywnej, trwa po dzień dzisiejszy. Organizacje i ruchy reformatorskie, które zintensyfikowały swą działalność w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach XIX w. oraz na początku XX w., dążyły do tego, aby dostosować amerykańskie rozwiązana do ówczesnych wyzwań. Jakkolwiek progresywne podejście do gospodarki, podatków, polityki zagranicznej, prawa pracy, standardów społecznych, praw człowieka, praw wyborczych kobiet, szybkiej urbanizacji czy imigracji bez ograniczeń podkreślały konieczność reform, to jednak progres był rozważany z różnorodnej perspektywy. Czy ówczesna amerykańska myśl prawna oraz orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych rozwijały się zgodnie z ideałami tegoż nurtu? Orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych w sposób znaczący wpłynęło na porządek prawny w zakresie ekonomii i prawa pracy. Niestety, część decyzji sądu nie była kompatybilna z wizją progresywnych reformatorów, gdyż bardziej odzwierciedlała przekonania ideologiczne sędziów niż ich inklinacje w kierunku reform.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2020, 5 (57); 443-462
    2082-1212
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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