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Tytuł:
Application of BAT-CELL Bio-Ambient Tests in exhaust gas emissions examinations for Euro 4 and Euro 6 combustion engines
Autorzy:
Keska, A.
Janicka, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
in vitro method
engine exhaust
Euro standards
Opis:
The introduction of the subsequent European emission standards raises controversy among vehicle manufacturers and researchers. In order to meet the legal requirements, it is necessary to continually improve not only the cars but also the costly measurement facilities. In addition, current methods do not give a clear answer to the harmful effects of exhaust gases on living organisms. By using the appropriate In vitro method to directly assess the toxicity of gaseous mixtures, one can obtain simple, reliable results that can be used to validate the introduction of ever more stringent Euro standards.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2017, 17, 4; 83-90
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of diagnostic parameter sensitivity during dynamic processes of a marine engine
Identyfikacja wrażliwości parametrów diagnostycznych podczas procesów dynamicznych okrętowego silnika spalinowego
Autorzy:
Zadrąg, R.
Kniaziewicz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
engine exhaust components
marine engines
engine diagnostics
składniki spalin silnika
silniki okrętowe
diagnostyka silników
Opis:
Changing some parameters of the engine structure alters the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gas. This applies in particular to the damage of charge exchange system as well as fuel system and engine supercharger. These changes are much greater during the dynamic states and their accompanying transitional processes. The different sensitivity of diagnostic parameters to the same force, coming from the engine structure, but realized in other loading conditions can be discussed. Presented in the paper is a model of the engine diagnostic, in which symptoms are indicators of diagnostic and emission characteristics of gaseous exhaust components. Model is complemented with the tests on the single-cylinder research engine ZS. Also proposed is a measure of the sensitivity of the diagnostic parameter during dynamic processes.
Zmiana niektórych parametrów struktury silnika wpływa na zmianę emisji szkodliwych składników w spalinach. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim uszkodzeń występujących w układzie wymiany ładunku a także w układzie paliwowym i układzie doładowania silnika. Zmiany te mają zdecydowanie większe wartości podczas trwania stanów dynamicznych i towarzyszących im procesów przejściowych. Można więc mówić o różnej wrażliwości parametrów diagnostycznych na te same wymuszenia pochodzące od struktury silnika, ale realizowane w innych stanach obciążenia. W artykule przedstawiono model diagnostyczny silnika, w którym symptomami diagnostycznymi są wskaźniki i charakterystyki emisji gazowych składników spalin. Model uzupełniono wynikami badań na stanowisku jednocylindrowego silnika badawczego ZS. Zaproponowano również miary wrażliwości parametru diagnostycznego podczas procesów dynamicznych.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 3; 1007-1014
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of volatile organic compounds for combustion engines compliant with Euro 4 and Euro 6
Oznaczanie lotnych związków organicznych w spalinach silników spełniających normy Euro 4 i Euro 6
Autorzy:
Kęska, A.
Janicka, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
VOCs
engine exhaust
Euro standards
chromatography
LZO
spaliny silnikowe
normy Euro
chromatografia
Opis:
Volatile organic compounds are considered as one of the most harmful pollutants. Among them are hydrocarbons, which belongs to one of the chemicals groups monitored in the process of using vehicles. The article emphasized VOC toxicity in the light of the changes in the legislation on engine exhaust emissions. For the determination of volatile organic compounds, the exhaust gases of selected passenger cars were tested. Gas chromatography was used for the studies. The results have been verified with regard to the introduction of increasingly restrictive Euro standards. Furthermore this article discusses the issue related to the control of VOC emissions from internal combustion engines in cars as well as the attitude of vehicle users towards the adverse environmental conditions associated with the emission of toxins.
Lotne związki organiczne wymieniane są jako jeden z najbardziej szkodliwych czynników zanieczyszczających powietrze. Wśród nich znajdują się węglowodory, które stanowią jedną z grup związków chemicznych, monitorowaną w procesie eksploatacji pojazdów. W artykule zwrócono szczególną uwagę na toksyczność LZO w aspekcie wprowadzanych zmian norm prawnych dotyczących emisji spalin silnikowych do atmosfery. W celu oznaczenia lotnych związków organicznych przeprowadzono badania gazów wylotowych wybranych samochodów osobowych. Do badań wykorzystano metodę chromatografii gazowej. Wyniki zweryfikowano pod kątem wprowadzania coraz bardziej restrykcyjnych norm Euro. Podjęto dyskusję na temat kontroli emisji LZO z silników spalinowych przed wprowadzeniem samochodów do obrotu oraz postawy użytkowników pojazdów wobec niekorzystnego stanu środowiska związanego z emisją toksyn z emitorów mobilnych.
Źródło:
Proceedings of ECOpole; 2017, 11, 2; 387-394
1898-617X
2084-4557
Pojawia się w:
Proceedings of ECOpole
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems of modelling toxic compounds emitted by a marine internal combustion engine for the evaluation of its structure parameters
Problemy modelowania emisji związków toksycznych okrętowego silnika spalinowego dla oceny jego parametrów struktury
Autorzy:
Rudnicki, J.
Zadrąg, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
engine exhaust components
marine engines
engine diagnostics
składniki spalin silnika
silniki okrętowe
diagnostyka silników
Opis:
The paper presents the possibility of using an analytical study of the engine exhaust ignition to evaluate the technical condition of the selected components. Software tools available for the analysis of experimental data commonly use multiple regression model that allows the study of the effects and iterations between model input quantities and one output variable. The use of multi-equation models gives a lot of freedom in the analysis of the measurement results, as it allows the simultaneous analysis of multiple effects and iterations of output variables. It can also be used as a tool for the preparation of experimental material for other advanced diagnostic tools, such as models using neural networks, which allow, in contrast to multi-equation models, the recognition of the state with the number of classes of more than two-class, thus enabling diagnostic reasoning. Assuming that there is a strong correlation and unambiguous nature of the changes in the concentrations of toxic compounds analyzed in the course of the experiment can be seen as symptoms of the technical condition of the engine and with the known values of the output signals (including concentrations of toxic compounds) and their estimates, the values of residuals can be determined, which may indicate the type of damage. The authors show the advantages of using these analytical tools on the example of research conducted on the engine test bench.
W artykule przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania wyników badań składu spalin silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym do oceny stanu technicznego jego wybranych podzespołów. Dostępne programy narzędziowe służące do analizy danych eksperymentalnych powszechnie wykorzystują model regresji wielokrotnej, który umożliwia badanie efektów i interacji pomiędzy wielkościami wejściowymi modelu a jedną zmienną wyjściową. Zastosowanie modeli wielorównaniowych daje wiele możliwości podczas analizy wyników pomiarowych, gdyż umożliwia jednoczesną analizę efektów i interacji wielu zmiennych wyjściowych. Może być również wykorzystywane jako narzędzie do przygotowania materiału doświadczalnego dla innych zaawansowanych narzędzi diagnostycznych, takich jak modele wykorzystujące sieci neuronowe, które pozwalają, w przeciwieństwie do modeli wielorównaniowych, na rozpoznanie stanu przy liczbie klas większej niż dwuklasowa, umożliwiając tym samym wnioskowanie diagnostyczne. Przy założeniu bowiem, że istnieje silna korelacja oraz jednoznaczny charakter zmian stężeń analizowanych związków toksycznych w trakcie prowadzonego eksperymentu można traktować jako symptomy stanu technicznego silnika a przy znanych wartościach sygnałów wyjściowych (między innymi stężeń związków toksycznych) oraz ich estymat można wyznaczyć wartości residuów, które mogą wskazywać na rodzaj uszkodzenia. Autorzy w pracy przedstawiają zalety stosowania powyższych narzędzi analitycznych na przykładzie badań przeprowadzonych na stanowisku silnika badawczego.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 3; 432-441
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Researches on a photocatalytic device for toxic hydrocarbons removal from IC engine exhausts
Autorzy:
Górniak, Aleksander
Janicka, Anna
Michniewicz, Daniel
Molska, Justyna
Skrętowicz, Maria
Świeściak, Joanna
Włostowski, Radoslaw
Zawiślak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
photocatalysis
engine exhaust
vehicle interior
public health
fotokataliza
spaliny silnikowe
wnętrze pojazdu
zdrowie publiczne
Opis:
Hydrocarbons, especially aromatic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), emitted by IC engines, indisputably have a negative impact on the environment and public health. Even though current legislation strongly impacts on their low concentration in the exhausts, not quantity but the quality of those substances determines fumes toxicity. The paper presents results of the researches on a photocatalytic device dedicated to BTX (benzene-toluene-xylene) removal from IC engine exhausts, which can be applied in a vehicle cabin ventilation system. According to the results, the system is able to decrease toxic compounds concentration (caused by mobile emission sources) in inlet-air delivered to the vehicle interior. In effect, the system application reduces the users of a vehicle to exposure on contaminants.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 4; 151-155
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of PWHT on weld properties of titanium alloy for refurbishment of aircraft engine exhaust cone
Autorzy:
Ardy, H.
Yoewono, S.
Sugianto, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
engine exhaust cone
Ti-6Al-4V
GTAW
PWHT
microstructure
grain size
stress analysis
Opis:
The mounting bolt hole of aircraft engine exhaust cone was found cracked in the weld area. Exhaust cone material is alfa/beta titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy. The cracked section will be repaired by welding to restore its function. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on ductility, grain size, and shear strength of Ti-6Al-4V plates (0.063 in. thickness) welded by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) using commercial purity (CP) titanium wire electrode (AMS 4951H). The weld quality was evaluated by non-destructive and destructive tests, using the acceptance criteria of AWS D17.1 and AWS B2.1 as references. The effect of PWHT was examined by preparing two weld specimens: with and without PWHT at 620 centigrade. Non-destructive inspection by dye penetrant and xray radiography tests revealed that the weld in these two specimens is free from surface and internal defects. Weld specimen without PWHT is brittle and failed during fillet break test, whereas PWHT specimen is ductile and pass the same test. Metallography observation was conducted to measured grain size of base metal and heat affected zone (HAZ). The average grain size of PWHT specimen is 18.40 mi m on base metal and 36.80 mi m on HAZ, and for non-PWHT specimen is 26.85 mi m on base metal and 52.10 mi m on HAZ. Using Hall-Petch approach, the yield strength is calculated about 920 MPa on the base metal of PWHT specimen, which result in the shear strength of about 531 MPa. Under static loading, the shear stress on the outer surface of exhaust cone due to exhaust gas is about 38 MPa, which is much lower than material shear strength.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 9-14
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposure to diesel exhaust fumes in the context of exposure to ultrafine particles
Autorzy:
Bujak-Pietrek, Stella
Mikołajczyk, Urszula
Kamińska, Irena
Cieślak, Małgorzata
Szadkowska-Stańczyk, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-07-04
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
occupational exposure
ultrafine particles
diesel engine exhaust
particles number concentration
particles surface area concentration
SEM/EDS analysis
Opis:
Objectives Diesel exhaust fumes emission is a significant source of ultrafine particles, the size of which is expressed in nanometers. People occupationally exposed to diesel exhaust particles include mainly workers servicing vehicles with engines of this type. This article presents the analysis of measurements of ultrafine particle concentrations occurring in the bus depot premises during the work connected with everyday technical servicing of buses. Material and Methods The measurements were carried out in the everyday servicing (ES) room of the bus depot before, during and after the work connected with bus servicing. Determinations included: particle concentrations in terms of particle number and particle surface area, and mass concentrations of aerosol. Results Mean value of number concentration of 10- to 1000-nm particles increased almost 20-fold, from 7600 particles/cm³ before starting bus servicing procedures to 130 000 particles/cm³ during the bus servicing procedures in the room. During the procedures, the mean surface area concentration of particles potentially deposited in the alveolar (A) region was almost 3 times higher than that of the particles depositing in the tracheo-bronchial (TB) region: 356.46 μm²/cm³ vs. 95.97 μm²/cm³, respectively. The mass concentration of the fraction of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 0.02–1 μm (PM₁) increased 5-fold during the analyzed procedures and was 0.042 mg/m³ before, and 0.298 mg/m³ while the procedures continued. Conclusions At the time when bus servicing procedures continued in the ES room, a very high increase in all parameters of the analyzed particles was observed. The diesel exhaust particles exhibit a very high degree of fragmentation and, while their number is very high and their surface area is very large, their mass concentration is relatively low. The above findings confirm that ultrafine particles found in diesel exhaust fumes may be harmful to the health of the exposed people, and to their respiratory tract in particular.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2016, 29, 4; 667-682
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of exposure to nano-sized particles among transport and vehicle service workers
Autorzy:
Bujak-Pietrek, Stella
Mikołajczyk, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-19
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
ultrafine particles
particle number concentration
particle surface area concentration
nanoparticles exposure
diesel engine exhaust
particle number size distribution
Opis:
BackgroundExposure to fine and ultrafine particles from transport processes is a main consequence of emissions from engines, especially those with self-ignition. The particles released in these processes are a source of occupational and environmental particles exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the fine and nano-sized particles emission degree during work connected with transport and vehicle servicing.Material and MethodsThe tests were carried out at 3 workplaces of vehicles service and maintenance (a car repair workshop, a truck service hall, and a bus depot) during 1 work day in each of them. Measurements were performed using the following devices: DISCmini meters, GRIMM 1.109 optical counter and the DustTrak monitor. The number, surface area and mass concentration, and the number size distribution were analyzed.ResultsThe mean number concentration (DISCmini) increased during the analyzed processes, ranging from 4×104 p/cm3 to 8×104 p/cm3, and the highest concentration was found in the car repair workshop. The particles mean diameters during the processes ranged 31–47 nm, depending on the process. An increase in the surface area concentration value was observed in correlation with the particles number, and its highest concentration (198 m2/cm3) was found during work in the car repair workshop. The number size distribution analysis (GRIMM 1.109) showed the maximum value of the number concentration for particles sized 60 nm. The mean mass concentrations increased during the tested processes by approx. 40–70%, as compared to the background.ConclusionsAccording to the measurement results, all the workplaces under study constituted a source of an increase in all analyzed parameters characterizing emissions of nano-sized particles. Such working environment conditions can be harmful to the exposed workers; therefore, at such workplaces solutions for minimizing workers’ exposure, such as fume hoods or respiratory protection, should be used. Med Pr. 2021;72(5):489–500
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2021, 72, 5; 489-500
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimating emissions of harmful exhaust components by aircraft engines during the takeoff and landing cycle in airport space
Szacowanie emisji toksycznych składników spalin wytwarzanych przez samoloty w cyklu startu i lądowania w przestrzeni portu lotniczego
Autorzy:
Głowacki, Paweł
Kalina, Piotr
Kawalec, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36441042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
ecology
aircraft turbine engine
engine exhaust
toxic exhaust gas components
nitrogen oxides
carbon monoxide
hydrocarbons
carbon dioxide
ekologia
lotniczy silnik turbinowy
spaliny silnika
toksyczne składniki spalin
tlenki azotu
tlenek węgla
węglowodory
dwutlenek węgla
Opis:
This articleexamines, based on the availableinformation and authors’ self-assessments, theenvironmental impact of turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment in the airport space during engines flight phases in the landing and takeoff cycle (LTO). The attention of aviation professionals is drawn to the fact that the amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that it may adversely change the ambient air at the airport. Consequently, increased emission level of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) during engine start-up and idle may pose a threat to the health of ramp staff. Also, high emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during takeoff, climb, cruise and descent is not without importance for the environment around the airport space. The paper gives CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission estimations based on ICAO Engine Emission Data Bank and the number of passenger operations at a medium-sized airport. It also provides calculation results of aircraft CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission using average times of aircraft maneuvers taken from aircraft Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in the LTO cycle various aircraft types at the airport. The latter, based on actual maneuvering times, lead to significantly reduced estimates of toxic exhaust gas emission volumes.
W artykule przeanalizowano, w oparciu o dostępne informacje oraz ocenę autorów, wpływ gazów spalinowych z silników turbinowych na środowisko w przestrzeni wokół portu lotniczego podczas cyklu lądowania i startu (LTO) samolotów. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na fakt, że ilość spalin produkowanych przez silniki turbinowe jest na tyle znacząca, iż może niekorzystnie zmienić powietrze otaczające lotniska. Zwiększony poziom emisji tlenku węgla (CO) i węglowodorów (HC) podczas rozruchu silnika i na biegu jałowym może więc stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia pracowników obsługi naziemnej. Wysoki poziom emisji tlenków azotu (NOx) podczas startu, wznoszenia, schodzenia i kołowania również nie jest obojętny dla środowiska wokół lotniska. W artykule najpierw przedstawiono szacunki emisji CO2, HC, CO i NOx w oparciu o normy ICAO oraz liczbę operacji pasażerskich na lotnisku średniej wielkości. Następnie obliczono szacunkowe emisje CO2, HC, CO i NOx na podstawie danych pobranych z rejestratora lotu (FDR) podczas cyklu LTO różnych typów statków powietrznych na lotnisku. Te drugie obliczenia, oparte na rzeczywistych czasach manewrowych, wskazują na znacznie niższe szacunkowe emisje toksycznych gazów w obrębie portu lotniczego.
Źródło:
Transactions on Aerospace Research; 2021, 2 (263); 63-70
0509-6669
2545-2835
Pojawia się w:
Transactions on Aerospace Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Issues of emission evaluation of road-rail vehicles in the aspect of current type approval regulations
Autorzy:
Daszkiewicz, Paweł
Rymaniak, Łukasz
Kamińska, Michalina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
engine exhaust emission
road-rail vehicle
fuel consumption
research in real conditions
ecology
emisja spalin z silnika
pojazd szynowo-drogowy
zużycie paliwa
badania w warunkach rzeczywistych
ekologia
Opis:
One of the ways to reduce exhaust emissions from vehicles is to replace worn-out shunting locomotives with road-rail tractors. The main purpose of this solution is to reduce the negative environmental impact of the vehicle and to reduce the fuel consumption compared to a shunting locomotive performing the same work. The tests on exhaust emissions of rail vehicles are carried out on an engine test bench, making it impossible to determine the environmental performance of these vehicles during real operation. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out measurements in real operating conditions in order to obtain reliable reference results. This enables the verification of vehicles ecological indicators in a wide range of operational work parameters. It is possible to obtain reliable results regarding the impact of the tested vehicle on the natural environment in this way and compare them with the applicable emission standards.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 3; 269-273
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aviation : environmental threats
Autorzy:
Balicki, Wł.
Głowacki, P.
Szczeciński, S.
Chachurski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
turbine engine
exhaust gases
pollutant, ecology
environment
engine noise
Opis:
Based on the available information and authors self-assessments, this article presents turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment, especially near to the aircraft and helicopters during their engines idle setting and take-offs. The concentration level of pollutants in gas turbine exhaust and its relation to the temperature and time of the combustion process is discussed. The article presents diffusion of the aircraft turbine engine exhaust in the airport area, focusing on aircraft take-off manoeuvre. The authors would like to draw attention of the aviation professionals to the fact that amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that may adversely change the ambient air near to the aircraft. Consequently, smaller amount of oxygen with increased level of carbon monoxide during engine start –up and idle can be a threat to the maintenance staff health. Also high emission level of the nitrogen oxides, especially during take-off and climb is indifferent for the environment. The paper gives an example of real fuel consumption and toxic gases emissions in the so-called landing and takeoff cycle (LTO) and during long-range flight. Turbine engines noise distribution and its intensity because of complex aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes is presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 7-14
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems of modelling NOx emission from marine diesel engine
Autorzy:
Kniaziewicz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244726.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
emission
exhaust gases
engine
ship
modelling
Opis:
The development of marine diesel engines has so far been directed towards increasing their power, reducing fuel consumption, burning fuels of the lowest possible quality and the extension of operation time. The rising pro-ecological pressure has made atmosphere pollution by exhaust gases of marine engines one of the main problems of environmental protection of recent years. The Gdansk Bay area, just like sea ports or coastal regions, is vulnerable to the effect of noxious compounds contained in vessel exhaust gases, besides those coming from industrial plants, power plants or vehicles. This concerns vessels both in ports and in the roads. In order to determine the share of vessels in environmental pollution and to counteract the harmful effects of toxic compounds in marine engine exhaust gases, it is necessary to know the emission values of these compounds from particular vessels, which is possible with the knowledge of their movement parameters, concentration values of particular compounds for these parameters and the atmospheric conditions. The report presents problems of modelling the NOx emission in exhaust gases from main marine Diesel engines, such as problems with construction special models describing the marine vessels movement or define real value of toxic compounds emission.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 227-234
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of fuel dose division on the emission of toxic components in the car Diesel engine exhaust gas
Autorzy:
Pietras, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
exhaust opacity
exhaust emissions
diesel engine
common rail
fuel dose division
Opis:
The article discusses the effect of fuel dose division in the Diesel engine on smoke opacity and composition of the emitted exhaust gas. The research activities reported in the article include experimental examination of a small Diesel engine with Common Rail type supply system. The tests were performed on the engine test bed equipped with an automatic data acquisition system which recorded all basic operating and control parameters of the engine, and smoke opacity and composition of the exhaust gas. The parameters measured during the engine tests also included the indicated pressure and the acoustic pressure. The tests were performed following the pre-established procedure in which 9 engine operation points were defined for three rotational speeds: 1500, 2500 and 3500 rpm, and three load levels: 25, 40 and 75 Nm. At each point, the measurements were performed for 7 different forms of fuel dose injection, which were: the undivided dose, the dose divided into two or three parts, and three different injection advance angles for the undivided dose and that divided into two parts. The discussion of the obtained results includes graphical presentation of contests of hydrocarbons, carbon oxide, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, and its smoke opacity. The presented analyses referred to two selected cases, out of nine examined engine operation points. In these cases the fuel dose was divided into three parts and injected at the factory set control parameters. The examination has revealed a significant effect of fuel dose division on the engine efficiency, and on the smoke opacity and composition of the exhaust gas, in particular the content of nitrogen oxides. Within the range of low loads and rotational speeds, dividing the fuel dose into three parts clearly improves the overall engine efficiency and significantly decreases the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Moreover, it slightly decreases the contents of hydrocarbons and carbon oxide. In the experiment the contents of nitrogen oxides markedly increased with the increasing injection advance angle for the undivided dose and that divided into two parts. This, in turn, led to the decrease of the contents of hydrocarbons and carbon oxide. Fuel dose division into two and three parts leads to the increase of smoke opacity of the exhaust gas, compared to the undivided dose.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 3; 58-63
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of methanol-diesel combustion on performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine
Autorzy:
Tutak, W.
Szwaja, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
dual-fuel engine
exhaust emission
modelling
diesel
Opis:
The results of CFD modelling a dual fuel diesel engine powered with both methanol and diesel fuel is presented in the paper. Modelling was performed with 20 and a 50% energetic share of methanol in the entire dose. The analysis was conducted on both the thermodynamic parameters and exhaust toxicity of dual fuel engine. It was found that the various share of methanol influences the ignition delay of the combustion process and after start of main phase of combustion, the process occurs faster than in case of the diesel engine. It was found that the time of 10-90% burn of the fuel is much shorter than it is in the diesel engine. The dual fuel engine was characterized by higher indicated mean pressure in the whole range of diesel fuel injection timings. While analysing toxic exhaust emission from the dual fuel engine powered with methanol, it was found that the rate of NO formation was significantly higher than from the diesel engine. The combustion process in the dual fuel engine occurs more rapidly than in the conventional diesel engine, which contributes to form areas with high temperature, and in combination with presence of oxygen from the air and oxygen bonded in the methanol, promotes the NO formation. In the case of the dual fuel engine, it was found that soot emission was reduced. The engine running with diesel injection start at 8.5 deg before TDC, the soot emissions were more than twice lower in the dual fuel engine, while the emission of NO was much higher.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 259-266
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aircraft fuel consumption and emissions during cruise, effect of the jet stream
Autorzy:
Głowacki, P.
Kawalec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
turbine engine
cruise
jet stream
exhaust emissions
Opis:
Article presents the results of fuel consumption calculation during cruise compared to remaining aircraft flight phases. Based on fuel consumption, methodology of pollutants quantitative estimation emitted by turbine engines has been developed. Material provides evaluation results of aircraft CO2, CO and NOx effusion using fuel consumption data taken from aircraft Flight Data Recorder (FDR) during cruise of various aircraft types. Knowledge of the amount of aircraft emissions on high altitudes is very important for climatologists in order to understand eventual changes in the Earth atmosphere due to aviation activities. The authors would like to draw attention of the aviation professionals to the fact that aircraft fuel consumption during cruise; thereby amount of toxic content in the exhaust from the turbine engine is significantly higher especially during flights against jet stream. Thousands flights of two operators were processed using algorithms developed by authors. The article gives an example of fuel consumption and thereby CO2, CO and NOx emission estimation based on engine performance taken from their test cell results. Calculations were performed with the consideration of the factor for engines deterioration through operation time provided by its manufacturer.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 63-70
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 153

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