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Tytuł:
Effect of driving resistances on energy demand and exhaust emission in motor vehicles
Autorzy:
Jaworski, Artur
Lejda, Kazimierz
Bilski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
driving resistance
exhaust emission
vehicles
emission tests
energy demand
opór jazdy
emisja spalin
pojazdy
testy emisyjne
zapotrzebowanie energetyczne
Opis:
Among the fundamental factors affecting the emissions of internal combustion engines is the resistance to motion acting on the car. This is an important factor to be taken into account when testing cars in conditions simulated on a chassis dynamometer. The dependence of the driving resistance function on vehicle speed is determined on the basis of various methods, the most frequently used of which is the so-called alternative method specified in procedures for the type approval of motor vehicles with respect to the emission of pollutants in exhaust gases. The values adopted in accordance with the alternative method differ from the actual resistance acting on the car in road conditions. This is one of the reasons why the emission of pollutants and the fuel consumption of an engine in real road conditions differs from the values given by the car manufacturer, including the emission limits specified in the standards. This paper presents an evaluation of the influence of driving resistance on the energy demand and emission of pollutants in the exhaust gases by sample passenger car with SI engine fuelled by petrol and LPG.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 60--67
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption in a chassis dynamometer load test in the aspect of modification of an engine controlling system
Autorzy:
Piekarski, W.
Kuranc, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
emission tests
CO2 emissions
fuel consumption
chassis dynamometer
vehicle load tests
testy emisji
emisja dwutlenku węgla
zużycie paliwa
hamownia podwoziowa
Opis:
The article presents calculations of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption under test conditions on a chassis dynamometer test bench. The study describes the realization of the tests and the methodology of the calculation of the exhaust gas flow and the estimation of the fuel consumption based on exhaust emissions. The presented research results and their analysis describe the emission scale of selected gaseous fumes components during full engine load and the fuel consumption associated with such tests. Similar emissions occur during a rapid acceleration of a vehicle in road conditions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 11-16
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation of road traffic conditions on a chassis dynamometer
Autorzy:
Wiśniowski, Piotr
Ślęzak, Marcin
Niewczas, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363316.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
drive test
exhaust emission
road tests
chassis dynamometer
Opis:
The article presents and compares the results of exhaust emission tests in conditions of real vehicle traffic with the results obtained during bench tests on a chassis dynamometer in conditions of road traffic simulation. A series of tests were carried out using a mobile exhaust analyzer and a vehicle speed recorder. The research route was designated in the center of a large urban agglomeration. Laboratory tests were designed according to an algorithm approximating the actual driving sections, and when choosing their order during the test construction, a random factor was introduced. The presented approach reflects the random nature of road traffic while ensuring the representativeness of toxic emissions from the vehicle's exhaust system. The results of measurements of carbon dioxide emission, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons registered in road and stationary, laboratory emissin tests were compared. Substantial agreement was found between the tests. Difficulties and differences in results due to research problems have also been described.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2019, 84, 2; 171-178
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real road tests - exhaust emission results from passenger cars
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
road tests
Diesel engines
diesel particulate filters
Opis:
The paper presents the results of on-road exhaust emission tests of passenger car fitted with diesel engine, and a DPF (diesel particulate filter). Under such conditions the author could determine the actual vehicle emissions. The tests were performed on a road portion of a fifty kilometres or so - these tests provide information on the on-road emissions and are a basis for their ecological evaluation. For the measurement of the exhaust emissions the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer SEMTECH DS by Sensors Inc. The analyzer measured the concentration of the exhaust components at the same time measuring the exhaust mass flow. The measurements of the particulate matter (mass) were done with the use of particle analyzer by AVL. The obtained data were used to calculate the relations that characterize the influence of the dynamic engine parameters on the exhaust emissions. These properties were taken into account indirectly using the whole range of speeds and accelerations of the vehicle (engine speeds and loads of the engine) for the preparation of the matrices of the emissions rate. The used data were averaged within individual speed and acceleration ranges thus obtaining the characteristics of the share of operation in individual ranges and the characteristics of the emission matrices of the individual emission components. The above results served for defining of the emission level indicator of the vehicles that can be used for classification of vehicle fleet in terms of their emission level.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 253-260
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected remarks about RDE test
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
passenger cars
real driving tests
emisja spalin
samochody osobowe
Opis:
New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emission) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but there are proposals that are currently being analyzed by major research centers in Europe. There are many differences between those proposals such as determining road emission or research methodology related to emission measurement of hydrocarbons. The work compares the results of emissions measured in road tests using the latest legislative proposals related to passenger cars. The results are shown in relation to the used measurement method: classic method of determining exhaust emission; uses all measurement data determining the mass of harmful compounds and distance travelled during the test; method of averaging the measuring windows (MAW – moving average windows), also in the literature called EMROAD method, which determines the measurement windows (on the basis of carbon dioxide emissions from the WLTC test) and on its basis determines the road emission in RDE test; generalized method of instantaneous power (Power Binning), known in the literature as CLEAR – Classification of Emissions from Automobiles in Real driving, determines road emissions on the basis of generalized instantaneous power during the RDE test.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 54-61
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on influence of selected failures on the exhaust gas content of ship diesel engine working on heayy fuel oil
Autorzy:
Witkowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
laboratory tests
exhaust gas content
emission of nitric oxides
heavy fuel oils
Opis:
The article is devoted to problems connected with pollution of the atmosphere by ship engines. Atmosphere protection against pollution on sea vessels covers one of the most important areas of human ecological activity which has its own history as well as some achievements. The most crucial ones include 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines Nitric oxides emissions from a given engine will depend on engine technical condition. Therefore it was to decided execute laboratory tests on influence of selected failures ship diesel engine, on its exhaust gas content, first of all on change nitric oxygen emission level. The article presents the results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure, injection advance angle and injector opening pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavyfuel oil IF4.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 507-512
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The parameters of passenger cars engine in terms of real drive emission test
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Jacyna, M.
Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
exhaust emission
road tests
passenger cars
emisja spalin
testy drogowe
samochody osobowe
Opis:
This paper presents the preliminary concept research to develop the test used in the measurement of emissions in real traffic conditions for passenger vehicles. Work based on the lack of legal solutions for determining the environmental performance of light vehicles – as opposed to heavy-duty vehicles for which such regulations have specified. The elaboration is to compare the emission test used in clinical approval of passenger cars, while the synthesis of the results obtained under different conditions road tests. The intention is to develop a test for assessing the ecological vehicle in real traffic conditions, where restrictions will only drive type (gasoline engine, diesel engine, hybrid vehicle), which is consistent with the requirements of the certification tests. The result should be the foundation for the development of the test in terms of: the duration, to determine the operating conditions and vehicle and proposals for emission limit values.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2014, 32, 4; 43-50
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems of exhaust gas emission of modernized diesel locomotives operating in Poland
Problemy emisji spalin z modernizowanych lokomotyw spalinowych eksploatowanych w Polsce
Autorzy:
Stawecki, W.
Marciniak, Z.
Pielecha, I.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
tests of diesel locomotives
exhaust gas emission
badania lokomotyw spalinowych
emisja spalin
Opis:
This article presents the analysis of emissivity of diesel locomotives operating in Poland. In the last years a significant part of the rail vehicles have been subjected to remotorization consisting in replacement of the combustion engine with the new generation model. This leads to the reduction of toxic constituents emission of exhaust gases from the railway vehicles. The analysis was conducted bearing in mind the histograms of locomotives loads in normal work conditions. It allowed to assess the ecological benefits of these engines during their operation.
W artykule przedstawiono analizę emisyjności eksploatowanych lokomotyw spalinowych w Polsce. Znaczną część pojazdów szynowych w ciągu ostatnich lat poddano remotoryzacjom polegającym na zastąpieniu silnika spalinowego nowszym generacyjnie modelem. Skutkuje to zmniejszeniem emisji składników toksycznych spalin z pojazdów szynowych. Analizę przeprowadzono z uwzględnieniem histogramów obciążeń lokomotyw w typowych warunkach pracy, co pozwoliło na ocenę korzyści ekologicznych związanych z tymi silnikami w czasie ich eksploatacji.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 1; 48-58
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy and emission quality ranking of newly produced low-sulphur marine fuels
Autorzy:
Korczewski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32893718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
low-sulphur marine fuels
engine tests
ranking of energy and emission quality
Opis:
The article describes the methodology of engine tests on new types of low-sulphur marine fuels in laboratory conditions in order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of their suitability for powering full-size marine engines. The innovativeness of the proposed solution consists of adapting the laboratory Diesel Engine Test Bed to carry out experimental tests using residual and alternative fuels so that it is possible to imitate the real operating conditions of the ship engine. The main aim of the research program was to assess the energy efficiency of six different low-sulphur marine fuels and their impact on the chemical emissivity of engine exhaust gases and air pollution with toxic and harmful chemical compounds. In order to achieve the research purpose formulated in this way, it was necessary to: (1) equip the constructed laboratory stand with highly specialised measuring equipment and (2) develop a technology for determining diagnostic parameters representing the basis for developing a ranking of the energy and emission quality of the tested marine fuels according to the proposed physical model. The model distinguishes 10 diagnostic parameters that, after normalisation, form two subsets of evaluation parameters - stimulant and destimulant. Determining their values made it possible to estimate a synthetic variable, according to which all the tested fuels were adjusted in the order from the “best” to the “worst”, in accordance with the adopted qualitative criteria of such an assessment. The results of the laboratory tests show that among the considered fuels, i.e., MDO, MGO, RMD 80/L, RMD 80/S, RME 180, and RMG 380 type, the best solution is to use MDO distillate fuel to power full-size marine engines. However, taking into account its high purchase price, a rational alternative decision is to choose RMG 380 type residual fuel, which ranks second in the ranking of the functional quality of the tested marine fuels.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2022, 4; 77-87
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on influence of change marine diesel engine of charging air parameters on its nitrogen oxides emission
Autorzy:
Witkowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
laboratory tests
supercharging air pressure
exhaust gas content
emission of nitric oxides
heavy fuel oils
Opis:
The article presents the results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), ofship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF 40. Nitric oxides emissions for a given engine will depend on charging air parameters. Change of air parameters in this method of reducing NOX emissions involves cooling the air and changes in pressure at the beginning of compression stroke. The process of cooling the scavenging air means decreases the inlet air temperature and at the same time decreases the maximum cylinder temperature. Atmosphere protection against pollution on sea vessels covers one of the most important areas of human ecological activity which has its own history as well as some achievements. The most crucial ones include 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 2; 505-510
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Representativeness of emissions of toxic substances in bench tests reflecting the road traffic conditions of a vehicle
Autorzy:
Wiśniowski, Piotr
Gis, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
driving cycle
road tests
emission of toxic substances
chassis dynamometer
synthesis of road tests
cykl jezdny
badania drogowe
emisja substancji toksycznych
hamownia podwoziowa
synteza testów jezdnych
Opis:
The results of measurements of exhaust emissions in real road traffic differ significantly from the results of stationary homologation tests. One of the solutions, helpful in determining the actual emission, is the creation of stationary exhaust emission tests simulating the use of the vehicle on the road. The article presents the method of reconstructing the synthetic driving test obtained on the basis of road tests and presents the obtained profile of the speed course. The authors discussed the reasonableness of selecting the emission component determining the correctness of the representativity of the stationary test obtained, which determines the amount of work done by the engine.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 2; 88-90
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of vehicle dynamic parameters on the exhaust emissions in RDE tests
Autorzy:
Pielecha, J.
Kurtyka, K.
Skobiej, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
passenger cars
road tests
Real Driving Emissions
emisja spalin
samochody osobowe
testy drogowe
rzeczywiste warunki emisji
Opis:
The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars with different drives. For this purpose, cars of one type were selected, meeting the same exhaust toxicity standard (Euro 6c) and differing in used internal combustion engines (with spark-ignition, compression-ignition and hybrid drive). Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a several of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring sections, their overall timeshare and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters and to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. Then the obtained results were analyzed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. By determining the road emission of individual harmful compounds for all vehicles and the dynamic parameters of drive (relative positive acceleration and product of speed and positive acceleration) in various phases of the road test it was possible to compare them. On this basis, the impact of dynamic conditions of road tests on the obtained results of the road exhaust emission of harmful compounds for passenger cars with various drives was defined.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 4; 26-34
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative examination of pollutant emission from an automotive internal combustion engine with the use of vehicle driving tests
Badania porównawcze emisji zanieczyszczeń z samochodowego silnika spalinowego z zastosowaniem testów jezdnych
Autorzy:
Chłopek, Z.
Biedrzycki, J.
Lasocki, J.
Wójcik, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
internal combustion engines
pollutant emission
vehicle driving tests
stochastic processes
silniki spalinowe
emisja zanieczyszczeń
testy jezdne
procesy stochastyczne
Opis:
The pollutant emission from automotive internal combustion (IC) engines is highly susceptible to engine operation states determined by vehicle velocity processes. The article presents results of comparative examinations of specific distance pollutant emission characteristics determined from various vehicle driving tests. The specific distance pollutant emission was determined using vehicle type-approval and special tests as well as tests developed at the Automotive Industry Institute (PIMOT), treated as realizations of the stochastic process of vehicle velocity. The research results confirmed high susceptibility of the IC engine pollutant emission to the engine operation states, which endorses the usefulness of treating the conditions of operation of automotive engines as stochastic processes.
Emisja zanieczyszczeń z samochodowych silników spalinowych jest bardzo wrażliwa na stany pracy silników zdeterminowane procesami prędkości samochodów. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań porównawczych charakterystyk emisji drogowej zanieczyszczeń w różnych testach jezdnych. Do wyznaczania emisji drogowej zanieczyszczeń wykorzystano testy stosowane w procedurach homologacyjnych i testy specjalne oraz opracowane w Przemysłowym Instytucie Motoryzacji, traktowane jako realizacje procesu stochastycznego prędkości samochodu. Wyniki badań potwierdziły znaczną wrażliwość emisji zanieczyszczeń na stany pracy silnika spalinowego, co potwierdza celowość traktowania warunków pracy silników samochodowych jako procesów stochastycznych.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 1; 56-64
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Observations from PEMS testing of combustion engines of different applications
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
passenger cars
road tests
Real Driving Emissions
emisja spalin
samochody osobowe
testy drogowe
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
Opis:
The article compares data obtained in road tests with the latest legislative proposals relating to various applications of internal combustion engines. Passenger car emission tests have been performed several times on the same test route in accordance with the RDE procedure guidelines, for which a dozen or so criteria must be met, including the distance of each of the drive sections, their in the drive time and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. The analysis was also based on a two-dimensional operating density characterization, presented in the vehicle speed-acceleration coordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare dynamic properties, operating time density and, thus, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their feasibility and emission values. An exhaust emission related comparison of three types of powertrain have been presented: gasoline, diesel and hybrid in the RDE tests. The authors proposed a new form of presenting the road exhaust emissions results in relation to the carbon dioxide emission, referred to as a standardization of the emission results. The exhaust emissions from city buses fitted with different powertrains tested on an actual bus route and in the SORT test were also compared.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 3; 40-55
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The issue of the atmosphere protection against toxic compounds gas emissions in maritime transport
Autorzy:
Witkowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
laboratory tests
supercharging air pressure
exhaust gas content
emission of nitric oxides
vessels propulsions
diesel engines
air humidification
Miller systems
Opis:
The paper discusses influence of the charging air parameters marine diesel engine on the emission toxic compounds in aspect of protecting the atmosphere against pollution from the sea vessels, pointed to the possibility of reducing NOx emissions by changing the parameters of charging air. In this group of activities undertaken to reduce nitric oxides emissions applied inter alia cooling the air and changes in pressure at the beginning of compression stroke. This is discussed in the background of normative acts, in particular the 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines.It was also discussed the issue of air humidification as a method to reduce NOx by injecting hot water into a stream of pumped air. This is an overview on the example of two methods proposed for using in marine engines: CASS (Combustion Air Saturation System), HAM (Humid Air Motor system). The results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF40 have been presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 3; 293-300
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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