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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ITS INFLUENCE ON ACADEMIC INTEREST OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MEGHALAYA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
    Autorzy:
    Lamare, Toba
    Myrthong, Euodia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628112.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
    Tematy:
    socio-economic status
    interest
    academic interest
    secondary school students
    Opis:
    Aim. The study intends to determine the influence of socio-economic status on academic interest of secondary school students in Meghalaya. The study was conducted in two districts of Meghalaya i.e., in East Jaintia Hills and West Jaintia Hills Districts. Method. The researcher used sequential explanatory design for collecting the necessary information. The procedure of data collection was that the researcher constructed a semi-structured interview schedule whereby it was validated by the experts in the field of education. In order to determine the influence of socio-economic status on academic interest of secondary school students, the researcher conducted an in-depth interview on 50 secondary school students who were studying in class X. These students were selected purposively from two districts of Meghalaya. The interview was conducted at school premises and the necessary information collected from students was recorded and transcribed to obtain the results. Results. Based on the interview conducted, the study found that socio-economic status did not influence the academic interest of the secondary school students; however, student’s high aspirations, their interest in various subjects, their ambitions, determination and will power to work hard in their studies influence their academic interest. Conclusion. Socio-economic status was not found to have influences on the academic interest of the secondary school students and on the whole the present study suggested for teachers and parents to work cooperatively in order to help students realize their goals and desires.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2020, 11, 2; 521-532
    2081-1640
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of Exchange Rate on Economic Growth in Sri Lanka
    Autorzy:
    Aslam, A. L. Mohamed
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Exchange rate
    Economic growth
    Interest rate
    Colombo Consumer Price Index
    Opis:
    Exchange rate is identified as a factor for turning vector of the economic growth of countries which was empirically confirmed by several related studies. But in Sri Lankan context it was not confirmed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the impact of exchange rate on the economic growth in Sri Lanka. To achieve this objective, the annual time series data from 1970 to 2015 were used and the variables such as gross domestic product, exchange rate, inflation rate, and interest rate were considered and the multiple regressions model using Ordinary Least squared method was employed. Based on the outcome of the multiple regression model, this study confirmed that the exchange rate positively influenced on the economic growth in Sri Lanka at one percent significant level.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2016, 54; 252-266
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in the Key Economic Indicators in Japan, Poland, the United States and the Euro Area in the 21st Century
    Autorzy:
    Ślasko, Karol
    Stawska, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36081823.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    economic variables
    unemployment
    economic growth
    GDP per capita
    interest rates
    inflation
    General Government debt
    quantitative easing
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to identify the changes of selected economic variables in Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro area and to evaluate the impact of these variables on these economies in 2000–2022. The hypothesis posed in the article: The economies of Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro zone have overcome the economic shocks that occurred in the first two decades of the 21st century. Methodology: The study included a review of the literature on the subject, the presentation and analysis of statistical data, including its graphical presentation. Six economic indicators were selected for analysis, such as: the unemployment rate, inflation, General Government debt, long-term interest rates, GDP per capita, and GDP growth in Japan, Poland, the United States and the euro area in 2000–2022. Results of the research: Over the past 20 years, economies have been hit by unprecedented crises such as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and Covid-19, and yet we note that the surveyed countries and the euro zone showed positive economic growth for most of the period and successfully fought unemployment. Japan tried to get out of periods of deflation, but out of the examined 23 years, deflation was recorded in Japan for 15 years. In the years 2000–2022, the highest economic growth was most often recorded in Poland and the lowest in Japan, but the highest inflation was also most often recorded in Poland. In all the surveyed countries and the euro zone, a tendency to increase the GG of debt was clearly noticed.
    Źródło:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2023, 4, 40; 151-176
    2391-6478
    2353-5601
    Pojawia się w:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic Crisis on Inflation and Interest Rate Policy in Poland
    Wpływ kryzysu wywołanego pan- demią koronawirusa na przebieg inflacji i politykę stopy procentowej w Polsce
    Autorzy:
    Grabia, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050112.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    pandemic
    economic crisis
    inflation
    interest rate
    pandemia
    kryzys gospodarczy
    inflacja
    stopa procentowa
    Opis:
    The aim of the article was to investigate the impact of the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic on the course of inflation and interest rate policy in Poland. The empirical analysis reveals that prices ceased to be procyclical during the pandemic, and thus the resulting economic crisis contributed to a drop in inflation just in the first months of the pandemic. The main factor behind the subsequent rise in inflation was the decline in aggregate supply brought about by the lockdown. That was also accompanied by other reflationary factors, including the increase in some taxes and administered prices, as well as expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. In the case of the latter, the measures taken by the NBP led to almost zero interest rates in Poland. Consequently, the instrument has ceased to be a basic tool for influencing the economy in the future, at least during the crisis, when those rates should be further reduced (the so-called zero lower bound).
    Celem artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu kryzysu wywołanego pandemią koronawirusa na przebieg inflacji i politykę stóp procentowych w Polsce. Z analizy empirycznej wynika, że w czasie pandemii ceny przestały mieć charakter procykliczny, w związku z czym wywołany kryzys gospodarczy przyczynił się do spadku inflacji jedynie w początkowych miesiącach pandemii. Do późniejszego wzrostu inflacji w największym stopniu przyczynił się spowodowany lockdownem spadek agregatowej podaży. Towarzyszyły temu również inne czynniki reflacyjne, w tym wzrost niektórych podatków i cen administrowanych, a także ekspansywna polityka fiskalna i pieniężna. W przypadku tej ostatniej działania NBP doprowadziły do niemal zerowych stóp procentowych w Polsce. W efekcie instrument ten przestał być podstawowym narzędziem wpływania na gospodarkę w przyszłości, przynajmniej w czasie kryzysu, kiedy stopy te należałoby dalej obniżać (tzw. zero lower bound).
    Źródło:
    Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2022, 66, 1; 47-58
    1899-3192
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Demographics, Retirement Age, and Real Interest Rates in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Acedański, Jan
    Włodarczyk, Julia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076213.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    demographic transition
    ageing
    old-age dependency ratio
    real interest rates
    economic growth
    Opis:
    Changes in the size and the age structure of a population have a great impact on an economy, especially on national savings and capital flows. Poland’s population, although still relatively young when compared to other developed countries, is expected to experience accelerated ageing and decline in forthcoming decades. In this paper, we assess the effects of these processes for Polish economy. Using an open-economy OLG model with demographic shocks and a variable retirement age, we simulate dynamics of real interest rates, main macro aggregates as well as net foreign assets to GDP. We show that rapid ageing will reduce the interest rate gap between Poland and the developed countries by 1.3-2 p.p. We also document a strong positive relationship between interest rates and the retirement age and find that the decline in the interest rate in Poland is primarily driven by the surviving probability shock.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2018, 4; 355-385
    2080-0886
    2080-119X
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mr Hoefner, Mr Elser, Please Welcome to Poland. Some Comments on the Polish Healthcare System Reform from the Perspective of State Aid Law
    Autorzy:
    Grzejdziak, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530047.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-11-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    Polska
    healthcare services
    hospital services
    state aid
    notion of state aid
    write-off of the debts of an undertaking
    notion of undertaking in the EU competition law
    public undertakings
    social solidarity
    cross-subsidization
    effect on trade between Member States
    adverse effect on competition
    notification of state aid
    services of general economic interest
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that a debt write-off implemented recently by Polish authorities in favour of public hospitals constitutes State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union. The paper contains a detailed description of the nature of the measure – its historical background, regulatory context, as well as its construction. It presents an in-depth analysis of the fulfilment by the measure of the conditions stipulated in Article 107(1) TFEU. As a preliminary issue, the analysis addresses the problem whether Polish public hospitals can be considered as undertakings within the meaning of EU competition law, particularly, as to their activity financed by the sickness fund organized under the principle of social solidarity. The answer to this question seems to be affirmative and in line with the landmark Hoefner and Elser judgments where the ECJ held that the way in which an entity is financed is irrelevant for its classification as an undertaking. The paper argues in favour of the thesis that the debt write-off must be considered as affecting trade between Member States and competition. Consequently, and contrary to the official position of the Polish government, the measure in question is classified as State aid.
    Le but de cet article est de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’amortissement total des dettes effectué récemment par les autorités polonaises en faveur des hôpitaux publiques constitue une aide publique au sens de l’Article 107(1) TFUE. L’article contient une description détaillée de la nature de cette mesure – son histoire, contexte législatif aussi que sa construction. Il présent une analyse profonde de l’accomplissement par cette mesure des conditions indiquées par l’Article 107(1) TFUE. Comme question préliminaire, l’analyse a pour objectif de vérifier si les hôpitaux publiques polonais peuvent être considérés comme entreprises au sens de la loi de concurrence de l’EU par rapport à son activité financée par le fonds de maladie organisé en accord avec le príncipe de la solidarité sociale.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(5); 85-109
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Real interest rate differentials between Central and Eastern European countries and the euro area
    Autorzy:
    Janus, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446393.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    real interest rates
    Central and Eastern Europe
    Economic and Monetary Union
    financial integration
    Opis:
    Research background: The question of changes in real interest rates differentials between the Euro Area and the CEE countries in the last years is raised because of two main reasons. The first rationale is related to the growing importance of external financial factors for the CEE economies and their monetary autonomy. The second reason is associated with the unprecedented shift in monetary conditions in the EMU, brought about by negative interest rates policy and unconventional policies, and the way it impacts the real rates in the CEE economies. Purpose of the article: This paper aims at exploring the relationship between real interest rates in the Euro Area and ten countries: Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, North Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine. The analysis covers the years of 1999-2018, including periods before and after the financial and economic crisis. Methods: We employ Markov-switching regression to construct the ex-ante real interest rates series in each country, using monthly data on short-term interest rates and CPI inflation rates. A battery of unit root and stationarity test, both standard and panel ones, is applied to examine the real interest rate parity, also allowing for a structural break in the rate differentials. Findings & Value added: We provide detailed evidence on the real interest rates differentials for all of the CEE countries vis-?-vis the Euro Area. We find that, while panel stationarity tests point to the stability of real rate differentials, there are significant dissimilarities across the countries, and the results of the univariate tests are often mixed. At least half of the economies, however, reveal similar patterns of stationarity in real rates relationships. At the same time, we find differentials for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, countries highly integrated into the EMU economy, to be unstable over time.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2019, 14, 4; 677-693
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Controlled Chaos with Consumer Welfare as the Winner – a Study of the Goals of Polish Antitrust Law
    Autorzy:
    Miąsik, Dawid
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530187.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    competition
    goals
    public interest
    efficiency
    consumer protection
    consumer welfare
    competitor
    economic freedom
    restriction of competition
    Opis:
    This article presents the main issues relating to the goals of modern Polish competition law. It examines the relationship between the subject-matter of competition law, its function and its goals. It identifies various goals of competition law as well as their acceptance in the legal doctrine and jurisprudence. The study shows that the goals of Polish competition law have always been limited to enhancing efficiency and consumer welfare, with this latter term being understood in a post-Chicago-school fashions, rather than accordingly to its Chicago-school origin. This article shows how an 18-years competition law system, rather accidentally than deliberately, took the best ideas from both the American and the European legal tradition and mix them up into an incoherent, yet workable system of competition protection which is favourable towards efficient operations and, at the same time, safeguards consumers against exploitation and diminished choice.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2008, 1(1); 33-57
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Economic Freedom and Imperative Requirements in the General Interest-Conflict of Coexistence of Values in European and Polish Economic Law? Remarks Against the Background of Cross-Border Business Activities of Companies in the European Union
    Autorzy:
    Pokryszka, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40260978.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    economic freedom
    freedom of establishment
    restrictions on economic freedom
    cross-border company conversion
    imperative requirements in the general interest
    principle of proportionality
    Opis:
    Economic freedom is one of the basic principles of Poland’s economic system and, at the same time, a fundamental rule on which the functioning of the European Union’s internal market is based. In the judgment in Case C-106/16 Polbud, which was issued on the basis of Polish law, the Court of Justice confirmed the possibility for companies to carry out activities in the territories of EU Member States in the form of a cross-border conversion into a company governed by the law of another Member State, and stressed the need for Member States to verify the restrictions imposed on companies in connection with their cross-border activities in terms of their compliance with EU law. The article focuses on analysis of the idea of economic freedom in the context of cross-border business activities of companies and on the presentation of the concept of “imperative requirements in the general interest” as conditions determining the admissibility of restrictions on cross-border activities of companies by the company’s home State in the light of European Union and Polish law.
    Źródło:
    Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, 52, 1; 83-126
    2545-384X
    Pojawia się w:
    Review of European and Comparative Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Economic Nationalism in Haughton’s<i>Englishmen for My Money</i>and Shakespeare’s<i>The Merchant of Venice</i>
    Autorzy:
    Baldo, Jonathan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647975.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-06-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    economic
    nationalism
    Shakespeare
    William Haughton
    Steelyard
    Queen Elizabeth
    The Merchant of Venice
    Englishmen for My Money
    satisfaction
    contentment
    usury
    interest
    Opis:
    Close to the time of Elizabeth’s expulsion of the Hanseatic merchants and the closing of the Steelyard (der Stahlhof) in the years 1597-98, two London plays engaged extensively with the business of trade, the merchant class, foreign merchants, and moneylending: early modern England’s first city comedy, William Haughton’s Englishmen for My Money, or A Woman Will Have Her Will (1598); and Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice (registered 22 July 1598). Whereas Haughton’s play uses foreignness, embodied in a foreign merchant, three half-English daughters, and three foreign suitors, as a means of promoting national consciousness and pride, Shakespeare indirectly uses the foreign not to unify but to reveal the divisions within England’s own economic values and culture.
    Źródło:
    Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance; 2016, 13; 51-67
    2083-8530
    2300-7605
    Pojawia się w:
    Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Structural Changes in the Market of Bank Deposits of Households in Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Kichurchak, Marianna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022960.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    a market of household bank deposits
    social and economic situation
    indicators of variation in household bank deposits
    interest rates on deposits
    econometric models
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that cause the structural changes in the market of bank deposits of households by regions of Ukraine. This is based on evaluating the spatial asymmetries in this market development in 2009–2018 by regions of Ukraine and identifying the factors that influences its structure by gross regional product (GRP) by means of the methodology of multivariate econometric modelling. Methodology. The following scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative analysis and econometric modelling. The scope and coefficients of variation for such indicators as the share of household bank deposits by GRP, the volume of household bank deposits per capita, the structure of household bank deposits by terms in general, in national and foreign currencies are calculated. Determining the main factors for multiple regression equations influencing structural changes in the market of household bank deposits by GRP is based on the methodology of stepwise regression. Results of the research. The spatial peculiarities of household bank deposits development in Ukraine was analysed and the reduction of its capacity was revealed due to the unfavourable socio-economic situation, the reform of the banking system and the influence of geopolitical factors. Based on the assessment of variation indicators dynamics, it was found that this market is characterised by regional asymmetries in terms of types of currencies and placement of household deposits. Regression-correlation equations were built, in which the shares of household deposits by regions of Ukraine (Y1, % GRP), in national currency (Y2, % GRP) and foreign currency (Y3, % GRP) are selected as dependent variables. The following measures are proposed to achieve positive changes in the market of household bank deposits in Ukraine: reducing unemployment; creation of favourable conditions for increasing the average monthly salary in the regions and modifying household spending to make savings; formation of an appropriate interest rate policy aimed at actively attracting temporarily available funds of the population to commercial banks.
    Źródło:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 1, 29; 61-78
    2391-6478
    2353-5601
    Pojawia się w:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preconditions of the Eurozone economic security : how to overcome liquidity risk and cost inefficiency in leading banks of UK and Germany
    Uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa gospodarczego strefy euro : w jaki sposób przezwyciężyć ryzyko płynności i kosztowej niewydolności wiodących banków Wielkiej Brytanii i Niemiec
    Autorzy:
    Tvaronavičienė, M.
    Masood, O.
    Javaria, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/405439.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Częstochowska
    Tematy:
    economic security
    liquidity
    cost efficiency
    net interest margin
    credit risk
    profitability
    financial leverage
    UK
    Germany
    bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne
    płynność
    efektywność kosztowa
    marża odsetkowa netto
    ryzyko kredytowe
    rentowność
    dźwignia finansowa
    Niemcy
    Opis:
    Among many factors affecting economic security of the Eurozone, performance of banks play especially important role. The aim of this study is to investigate factors influencing performance of banking sector in UK and Germany. Performance is being estimated using indicators of liquidity and cost efficiency in the biggest banks of both indicated countries. For analysis data of eight banks from each country have been used, two periods of years 2009-2010, and 2012-2014 have been distinguished. Fixed effect model has been employed. The obtained results revealed some significant relationships. Specifically, liquidity is negatively influenced by interest margin in banking sector of both countries during both considered periods, what initiated more active lending. That, in its turn, reduced banks’ liquidity and conditioned lower margins. Bank size did affect liquidity (loan to asset ratio) neither in UK, nor in Germany. Obtained results can be used for respective policy implications directed to sustaining better performance of banks, and therefore for increased economic security of the Eurozone economies.
    Wśród wielu czynników wpływających na bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne strefy euro szczególną rolę odgrywają wyniki banków. Celem niniejszgo badania jest analiza czynników wpływających na wyniki sektora bankowego w Wielkiej Brytanii i Niemczech. Wyniki są szacowane na podstawie wskaźników płynności i efektywności kosztowej w największych bankach obu wskazanych krajów. Do analizy wykorzystano dane z ośmiu banków z każdego kraju, wyróżniono dwa okresy z lat 2009-2010 i 2012-2014. Wykorzystano model poprawionego efektu. Uzyskane wyniki ujawniły kilka istotnych związków. W obu krajach, w obu okresach szczególnie negatywny wpływ na płynność ma marża odsetkowa w sektorze bankowym, co zapoczątkowało aktywniejszą akcję kredytową. To z kolei zmniejszyło płynność banków i uwarunkowało niższe marże. Wielkość banku nie wpłynęła na płynność (stosunek kredytów do aktywów) ani w Wielkiej Brytanii, ani w Niemczech. Uzyskane wyniki mogą być wykorzystane do odpowiednich implikacji politycznych ukierunkowanych na utrzymanie lepszych wyników banków, a tym samym do zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego gospodarek strefy euro.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2018, 18, 1; 418-427
    2081-7452
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Management Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    LE ROI EST MORT, VIVE LE ROI! On NAFTA and USMCA
    LE ROI EST MORT, VIVE LE ROI! O porozumieniach NAFTA i USMCA
    Autorzy:
    Chrzanowski, Ignacy H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/449585.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorska Szkoła Biznesu w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    NAFTA Agreement
    NAFTA 2.0
    conflict of interest
    country position
    advantages and disadvantages
    free trade U.S., Canada, Mexico
    tariffs
    economic growth
    Umowa NAFTA
    konflikt interesów
    pozycja kraju
    zalety i wady umów międzynarodowych
    wolny handel USA, Kanada, Meksyk
    taryfy
    wzrost gospodarczy
    Opis:
    The present paper is an essay that presents the author’ brief contribution to the discussion on the North American trade agreement, formerly known as NAFTA. It is written from an independent perspective and involves no political affiliation. NAFTA, which during its almost 25 years of existence, proved a successful mechanism of trade growth, came under attack by President Trump who judged it detrimental to the U.S. economy and threatened to dismantle it altogether. He subsequently retreated from his initial position and let NAFTA, now known as USMCA or the U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade agreement, survive the crisis with some lesser changes. However, the recent loss of the Conservative majority in the lower chamber of Congress, may render the President's position with respect to economic policies more vulnerable in view of the majority for the Democrats. The new situation in the Congress may have a direct impact on USMCA as well. At the completion of the 20-odd-year period of its existence the North American Free Trade |Agreement (NAFTA) had to be renegotiated, especially amidst President Trump’s repeated vows to dismantle it on the grounds of its detrimental impact on the American economy. The present paper is looking at this renegotiating process. It is describing its most salient points, including a concise description of what is going to change and what will remain as before. It points out to the advantages and disadvantages of what is now referred to as NAFTA 2.0 or USMECA (The US-Mexico-Canada trade agreement).
    Z chwilą wygaśnięcia ponad 20-letniego okresu obowiązywania porozumienia NAFTA zaistniała konieczność renegocjacji jego postanowień, szczególnie w świetle powtarzanych wielokrotnie gróźb Prezydenta Donalda Trumpa unieważnienia go jako układu szkodzącego interesom amerykańskiej gospodarki. Niniejszy artykuł zwięźle charakteryzuje proces renegocjacji, wskazując na najbardziej istotne elementy porozumienia, z uwzględnieniem najważniejszych zmian jakie wprowadza NAFTA 2.0, nazywana również porozumieniem handlowym USA, Meksyku i Kanady. Prezentowany artykuł przedstawiony w formie eseju, odzwierciedla wyłącznie osobiste opinie autora.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe ZPSB Firma i Rynek; 2019, 1(55); 65-71
    2657-3245
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe ZPSB Firma i Rynek
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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