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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Dry single-stage method of sodium tripolyphosphate production – technological and economic assessment
    Autorzy:
    Gorazda, K.
    Kowalski, Z.
    Kijkowska, R.
    Pawłowska-Kozińska, D.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Banach, M.
    Nowak, A. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778549.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    sodium tripolyphosphate production
    dry method
    classic method
    technical and economic analysis
    Opis:
    The study presents a technology of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) production with the use of a dry, single-stage method. The reacting substrates (concentrated wet-process phosphoric acid - WPPA and solid Na2CO3 ) are mixed with a recycled final product (STPP) in a mixer, then a „quasi-dry” mixture is calcined in a rotary kiln. Thanks to that, some stages of a classic method of STPP production are eliminated: one of the two-stage neutralization of the phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate at temperature ~80°C, filtration of the neutralised solution and its evaporation, as well as the stage of drying a solution of mono- and di-sodium orthophosphate in a spray dryer. According to the presented technical and economical analysis, the costs of STPP production using a single-stage dry method can be 10% lower compared to the classic method.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2014, 16, 1; 41-44
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Laboratory station for research of the innovative dry method of exhaust gas desulfurization for an engine powered with residual fuel
    Autorzy:
    Korczewski, Z.
    Rudnicki, J.
    Zadrąg, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132848.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    compression-ignition engine
    desulfurization of exhaust gas
    dry method
    silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
    odsiarczanie spalin
    metoda sucha
    Opis:
    Development of technology for exhaust gas desulfurization in marine engines using the dry method is, nowadays, a priority due to the calendar of introducing restrictions by the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2012/33/EU of 21 November 2012. According to this directive, starting from 1 January 2015, inside the SECA (Sulphur Emission Control Area) the maximum sulfur content of marine fuels used on territorial seas is 0.1% per weight unit. But at the same time the directive allows for the use of exhaust gas desulfurization plant operating in a closed system. The ship equipped with the system will be able to use fuels with a high sulfur content, which will then be removed from the exhaust gas through an applied adsorber, and the reacted adsorbent is received by specialized services stationed in harbors. The International Maritime Organization has set a limit value of the emissions of sulfur oxides in exhaust gases of marine engines at 6 g/kWh (International Convention for the Prevention of Sea Pollution from Ships MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, Regulation 14). Contemporary methods of exhaust gas desulfurization in marine engines are all expensive methods (4-5 million euro). This is, among other reasons, due to the limited market audience, but primarily due to the monopolized position of manufacturers offering fabrication and assembly of this type of marine ship installations. Proposed as part of a research project financed by the Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Maritime Economy in Gdansk, the dry method (adsorption) reducing SOx emissions in exhaust gases of marine engines, is an alternative, and a definitely cheaper and therefore competitive solution, compared to the wet methods (absorption), which are currently the most widely used in marine scrubber installations. Importantly, as confirmed by the results of the study, the proposed dry method, in addition to the effective reduction of sulfur oxides, also reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. The paper presents the configuration and measurement capabilities of the test station built under the project, as well as the representative results of the investigations so far. During the exhaust gas desulfurization test a sodium adsorbent (sodium bicarbonate) and its modifications were used in the process of mechanical, chemical, and thermal activation. Two physicochemical processes were studied during the development of the method: of adsorbent’s reaction on the chemical emission of the exhaust gas – the effectiveness of SOx and NOx compound removal, with various structural solutions in the process reactor, the impact of the adsorber on the emission source of sulfur oxides, that is, on the compression-ignition engine. Therefore, one of the priorities of the project, with a utilitarian significance, was to determine the impact of the inclusion of the desulfurization installation in the exhaust gas system on the energy ratios of the engine.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 1; 32-37
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimalization of sorbent feeding in the dry method of flue gas desulfarization
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, P.
    Zadrąg, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073590.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    sulfur oxides
    exhaust gas toxicity
    exhaust gas desulfurization
    dry method
    FGD
    tlenki siarki
    toksyczność spalin
    odsiarczanie spalin
    suche metody odsiarczania spalin
    Opis:
    The swiftly developing sea transport contributes to a considerable increase of fuel usage in the international shipping, which results in the escalation of toxic compounds emitted into the atmosphere. It is followed by the constantly heightened requirements limiting those emissions. In the case of sulfur oxide emission, inside of SECA (Sulfur Emission Control Area), the maximum content of sulfur in the shipping fuels used on the territorial seas was reduced to 0.1% per mass unit, but at the same time the legislator allows the ability to use a desulfurization installation working in a closed configuration. One of the desulfurization methods fulfilling those requirements is the dry method of desulfurization. In this paper are presented the results of research conducted on this very topic in the Department of Marine and Land Power Plants. The focus is the presentation of formulated characteristics of adsorbent feeding by an injection system dedicated to the dry method.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2017, 12, 1; 51--58
    1231-3998
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The impact of dry mass content in pig liquid manure on its treatment with a filtration method
    Autorzy:
    Kowalski, Z.
    Makara, A.
    Marszałek, M.
    Hoffmann, J.
    Hoffmann, K
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778774.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    pig manure treatment
    filtration method
    dry mass
    filtrate
    Opis:
    The present study examines the impacts of dry mass content in pig liquid manure on its treatment with a filtration method. Samples of liquid manure with variable dry mass content were subjected to treatment using phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, lime milk and superphosphate, as well as to thermal treatment, while in the last phase of pressure filtration. Increased dilution of the manure resulted in a reduced raw materials consumption ratio and improved filtration process efficiency, which ranged from 408 to 3765 kg/m2/h. The highest filtration efficiency was achieved using manure containing 3% dry mass, while the lowest efficiency was observed in manure at 10% dry mass. The increase in liquid manure dilution also reduced chemical oxygen demand in the filtrate, which ranged from 15 062 to 3656 mg/l. An appropriate manure dilution level, under the constant parameters of the treatment process, reduced phosphorus content in the filtrate to < 10 mg/kg Chile simultaneously enriching the post-filtration sediment with this precious fertilizing component.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2014, 16, 3; 106-110
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental study of the shear resistance of granular material: influence of initial state
    Autorzy:
    Flitti, A.
    Della, N.
    Verástegui Flores, R. D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/282069.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
    Tematy:
    dry sand
    fine content
    water content
    grain size
    depositional method
    Opis:
    The shear strength of sand and its mechanical properties can be affected by numerous parameters. This work presents an experimental investigation which aims to study the influence of the fines content, the depositional method and the grain size on the shear strength of Chlef sand. Tests were conducted with the shear box on two types of soil, the natural sand and the clean sand-silt mixture. Dense samples (Dr = 88%) were reconstituted through dry deposition for each type of the material. An additional series of tests was carried out on a medium dense natural sand (Dr = 52%) prepared by dry and wet (w = 3%) deposition methods. All specimens were subjected to normal stresses of 100 kPa, 200 kPa and 300 kPa and there was no immersion of water. The tests results show that the behavior of sand can be affected by three parameters, the fines content, the deposition method and the particle size. The maximum shear stress and the friction angle decrease as the fines content increases, the initial water content increases, the effective grain size diameter decreases and the uniformity coefficient increases. The cohesion intercept increases with the increasing fines content and decreasing initial water content. Overall, the samples prepared by the dry deposition method show more resistance than those prepared by the wet deposition method. The results obtained are generally in agreement with the previous research on drained and undrained saturated sand in the literature.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2017, 55, 2; 523-533
    1429-2955
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A preliminary investigation of dry gravity separation with low specific gravity ores using a laboratory Knelson Concentrator
    Autorzy:
    Zhou, Meng
    Kökkılıç, Ozan
    Langlois, Raymond
    Waters, Kristian E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24085570.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    Knelson concentrator
    dry gravity separation
    response surface method
    Box-Behnken design
    Opis:
    It has become an active research area for treating low specific gravity (SG) deposits by centrifugal separation due to its high efficiency, low cost and minor environmental impact. Laboratory Knelson Concentrator has shown its potential for processing high density ores on a dry basis. This study investigated the feasibility and the optimum operating conditions when processing a dry low SG feed with a modified Knelson Concentrator. A synthetic mixture of magnetite and quartz with a grade of 1% magnetite was used to mimic a low-density ratio ore. Bowl speed (G), air fluidizing pressure (psi) and solids feed rate (g/min) were chosen as the operating variables. Box-Behnken design was used to design the experiments and response surface method was used for optimization. The effects of each individual factors and their interactions on concentrate grade and magnetite recovery were evaluated. The dry process achieved up to 60 % magnetite recovery with an upgrade ratio of 5. The optimized values for the concentration with the highest recovery and grade of bowl speed, solids feed rate and air fluidizing pressure are 27 G, 200 g/min and 12 psi, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2023, 59, 5; art. no. 165992
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of subsoil compaction of plastic soils
    Ocena zagęszczenia warstwy podornej gleb plastycznych
    Autorzy:
    Śnieg, K.
    Błażejczak, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/94087.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Tematy:
    soil
    density
    evaluation
    dry density
    Proctor method
    gleba
    zagęszczenie
    ocena
    gęstość objętościowa
    metoda Proctora
    Opis:
    The objective of the research was to evaluate soil compaction with selected indexes and to determine the relation between them including results obtained with Proctor's method. Measurements of penetration resistance and shear vane, dry density of soil particles (ρd) and their moisture were made in layers in the following depths: 25-30, 35-40, 45-50 and 55-60 cm. Moreover, the maximum volumetric density of soil particles, particles size distribution, content of calcium carbonate and humus, density of solid particles, reaction, plastic and liquid limit were determined with Proctor's method (ρds). Also, packing density and natural density were measured. It was found out that the investigated soils may be generally included to excessively compacted and susceptible to compaction to an average and small degree. It was shown that soil may be recognized as excessively compacted when the quotient ρd/ρds exceeds the value of 0.87.
    Celem badań była ocena zagęszczenia gleby za pomocą wybranych wskaźników oraz wyznaczenie relacji pomiędzy nimi, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wyników uzyskanych metodą Proctora. Pomiary zwięzłości i oporów ścinania w ruchu obrotowym, gęstości objętościowej szkieletu gleby (ρd) oraz jej wilgotności wykonano w warstwach na głębokościach: 25-30, 35-40, 45-50 i 55-60 cm. Oznaczono także: maksymalną gęstość objętościową szkieletu metodą Proctora (ρds), skład granulometryczny, zawartości węglanu wapnia i próchnicy, gęstość fazy stałej, odczyn oraz granice plastyczności i płynności. Obliczano także gęstość objętościową części mineralnych oraz gęstość naturalną. Stwierdzono, że zbadane gleby można ogólnie zaliczyć do nadmiernie zagęszczonych i podatnych na zagęszczanie w stopniu średnim lub małym. Wykazano, że glebę można uważać za nadmiernie zagęszczoną, gdy iloraz ρd/ρds przekracza wartość 0,87.
    Źródło:
    Agricultural Engineering; 2017, 21, 1; 85-94
    2083-1587
    Pojawia się w:
    Agricultural Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of the Surface Topography of Ti6Al4V Alloy after the Finish Turning Process under Ecological Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Maruda, Radosław W.
    Leksycki, Kamil
    Wojciechowski, Szymon
    Feldshtein, Eugene
    Łukaszewicz, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201929.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    dry machining
    MQL
    MQL method
    finish turning
    surface topography
    Ti6Al4V titanium alloy
    Opis:
    This paper describes findings in the surface topography of Ti6Al4V alloy after finish turning process under dry and MQL (minimum quantity lubrication) machining. The research was fulfilled in the range of variable feeds per revolution of 0.005-0.25 mm/rev and cutting speeds of 40-100 m/min using the depth of cut of 0.25 mm that fits finish processing conditions. The test plan was developed on the way to use the Parameter Space Investigation (PSI) method. The topography features were measured by a Sensofar S Neox optical profilometer using the Imaging Confocal Microscopy technique. Ra parameters and surface roughness profiles as well as 2D images and contour maps were analyzed. Under the studied machining conditions, lower Ra roughness parameters are obtained in the feed rate of 0.005-0.1 mm/rev and cutting speeds of 40-60 m/min. In comparison with dry machining, up to 17% reduction in Ra parameter values was obtained using the MQL method and vc = 70 m/min and f = 0.127 mm/rev as well as vc = 47.5 m/min and f = 0.22 mm/rev. Depending on the machining conditions, peaks and pits as well as feed marks typical for the turning process are observed on the machined surfaces.
    Źródło:
    Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2023, 17, 2; 63--70
    2299-8624
    Pojawia się w:
    Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The simplified method of determining internal volume of bean pods
    Uproszczona metoda wyznaczania objętości wewnętrznej strąków fasoli
    Autorzy:
    Kuzniar, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/792788.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Tematy:
    bean pod
    dry seed
    Narew cultivar
    Nida cultivar
    Warta cultivar
    Wawelska cultivar
    leguminous plant
    internal volume
    measurement method
    Źródło:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2013, 13, 2
    1641-7739
    Pojawia się w:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yielding and biological value of spinach grown for autumn harvest
    Wpływ nawożenia azotem na plonowanie i wartość biologiczną szpinaku w uprawie na zbiór jesienny
    Autorzy:
    Krężel, J.
    Kołota, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11541966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
    Tematy:
    nitrogen fertilization
    fertilization
    spinach
    autumn harvest
    biological value
    yielding
    plant cultivar
    marketable yield
    dry matter
    vitamin C
    vegetable
    cultivation method
    Opis:
    The nutritional value of some vegetables may greatly vary depending on the cultivation method and kind of fertilization. In 2007–2009 there was conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, Entec-26) and their doses (80, 160 kgN∙ha-1) on yielding and biological quality of two spinach cultivars (Spokane F1, Rembrandt F1) grown for autumn harvest. The use of Entec-26 fertilizer assured the highest mean marketable yield of spinach (12.25 t∙ha-1). Comparable results were observed for ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate while lower yield was obtained in treatment supplied with calcium nitrate. The highest accumulation of nitrates and vitamin C was associated with the application of calcium nitrate and the lowest one with ammonium sulphate and Entec-26. An increase of the dose of fertilizer from 80 to 160 kg N∙ha-1 did not significantly affect yielding of spinach and its nutritional value expressed by the content of dry matter, vitamin C and nitrates. Among the two cultivars, Rembrandt F1 produced higher yield of leaves and showed some tendency to a higher accumulation of nitrates, whereas lower content of dry matter and vitamin C. The levels of P, K, Mg and Ca were not dependent on the cultivar as well as kind and dose of nitrogen fertilizer.
    Wartość odżywcza niektórych warzyw może w znacznym stopniu różnić się w zależności od metody uprawy i rodzaju nawożenia. W latach 2007–2009 przeprowadzono doświadczenie dotyczące oceny wpływu rodzaju nawozu azotowego (saletra amonowa, saletra wapniowa, siarczan amonu, mocznik, Entec-26) i stosowanej dawki azotu (80, 160 kg N∙ha-1) na plonowanie i wartość biologiczną dwóch odmian szpinaku (Spokane F1, Rembrandt F1) uprawianego na zbiór jesienny. Użycie nawozu Entec-26 zapewniło przeciętnie najwyższy plon handlowy szpinaku (12,25 t∙ha-1). Na tym samym poziomie plonowały rośliny nawożone siarczanem amonu i saletrą amonową, podczas gdy najmniejszy plon stwierdzono po zastosowaniu saletry wapniowej. Najmniej azotanów i witaminy C gromadziły rośliny nawożone siarczanem amonu i nawozem Entec-26. Wzrost dawki azotu z 80 do 160 kg N∙ha-1 nie miał istotnego wpływu na wysokość plonu szpinaku oraz zawartości suchej masy, witaminy C i azotanów. Spośród badanych odmian wyższym plonem i większą tendencją do gromadzenia azotanów oraz mniejszą zawartością suchej masy i witaminy C odznaczała się odmiana Rembrandt F1. Poziom P, K, Mg i Ca nie był w istotny sposób zależny od odmiany, rodzaju oraz dawki azotu.
    Źródło:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus; 2010, 09, 3; 183-190
    1644-0692
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimization of Process Parameters During End Milling and Prediction of Work Piece Temperature Rise
    Autorzy:
    Bhirud, N. L.
    Gawande, R. R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140078.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    dry milling
    end milling
    Al 6063
    Taguchi method
    variance analysis ANOVA
    regression analysis
    frezowanie na sucho
    frezowanie wykończeniowe
    metoda Taguchiego
    analiza wariancji (ANOVA)
    analiza regresji
    Opis:
    During the machining processes, heat gets generated as a result of plastic deformation of metal and friction along the tool–chip and tool–work piece interface. In materials having high thermal conductivity, like aluminium alloys, large amount of this heat is absorbed by the work piece. This results in the rise in the temperature of the work piece, which may lead to dimensional inaccuracies, surface damage and deformation. So, it is needed to control rise in the temperature of the work piece. This paper focuses on the measurement, analysis and prediction of work piece temperature rise during the dry end milling operation of Al 6063. The control factors used for experimentation were number of flutes, spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate. The Taguchi method was employed for the planning of experimentation and L18 orthogonal array was selected. The temperature rise of the work piece was measured with the help of K-type thermocouple embedded in the work piece. Signal to noise (S/N) ratio analysis was carried out using the lower-the-better quality characteristics. Depth of cut was identified as the most significant factor affecting the work piece temperature rise, followed by spindle speed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to find out the significant parameters affecting the work piece temperature rise. ANOVA results were found to be in line with the S/N ratio analysis. Regression analysis was used for developing empirical equation of temperature rise. The temperature rise of the work piece was calculated using the regression equation and was found to be in good agreement with the measured values. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the results obtained. From the confirmation test it was found that the Taguchi method is an effective method to determine optimised parameters for minimization of work piece temperature.
    Źródło:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2017, LXIV, 3; 327-346
    0004-0738
    Pojawia się w:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ventilation heat loss in a multifamily building under varying air density
    Autorzy:
    Michalak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/95344.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    air density
    heat capacity
    dry air
    volumetric heat capacity
    ventilation heat loss
    EN ISO 13790
    monthly method
    gęstość powietrza
    pojemność cieplna
    suche powietrze
    objętościowa pojemność cieplna
    wentylacyjna strata ciepła
    Opis:
    Standards related to calculation methods used in building energy performance simulation tools usually impose constant volumetric heat capacity of air. However, this simplification may result in errors if the actual conditions differ from the assumptions made. The paper presents the problem of dry air density and specific heat capacity variation and their influence on calculated energy use for space heating in a multifamily building. The monthly calculation method of PN-EN ISO 13790 was used. Simulations were performed in five cities, each in one climatic zone according to PN-EN 12831. Variation of the air density caused by air temperature and elevation resulted in differences in calculated heating demand from -4.5% to 4.5% in relation to that at constant volumetric heat capacity assumed in PN-EN ISO 13790.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering; 2020, 4, 1; 97-102
    2544-0780
    2544-1671
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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