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Wyszukujesz frazę "dominant" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
A Maintenance of a Dominant Market Position – on the Example of the Polish Post Office
Autorzy:
Bernat, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
dominant position
antitrust law
maintenance of dominant position
allocative inefficiency
Opis:
The system changes of the Polish economy, which began in the 80s of the 20th century and were continued after the accession to the European Union in 2004, have caused significant transformations, not only in the economy and ownership relations, but also in single markets. What is more, some of the European Commission’s guidelines have introduced the market regulations which were dominated by natural monopolies. These changes were to cause the competitiveness on the market and to improve its functioning in an efficiency allocative sense in order to make the consumers’ situation better. However, it is often a kind of struggle without any visible effects in short or long term. One of such examples is the Polish Post Office as the national operator in the market of postal services. The scientific objective of this study is to answer the question whether the changes in the law regulating the postal market cause real changes in the market structure, resulting in a reduction in allocative inefficiency? The working hypothesis referring to such research problem is formulated as follows: large business entities operating in the monopolistic market structure until now use all of the tools – including changes in the law, to maintain their position. It causes an increase in allocative inefficiency of companies and market. The object of the research is Poczta Polska SA. The primary research method will be based on the analysis of the legal rules, the analysis of the activities and entities’ decisions and the comparative analysis. The active research is supported by the literature recognition.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2014, 9, 4; 9-20
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozycja dominująca w UE a jej nadużywanie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem spółek prawa brytyjskiego
The Dominant Position in the EU and Its Abuse, with Particular Emphasis on British Law Companies
Autorzy:
Proczek, Magdalena
Michałkiewicz, Rudolf
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Dominant Position
Abuse of a Dominant Position
European Union
Relevant Market
Opis:
The aim of this study is to present the definition of a dominant position developed by the European Union authorities and representatives of science, as well as the issue of its abuse in EU on the example of verdicts of the EU Court of Justice with respect to British law companies. For the purposes of this study, verdicts that were of particular importance for the acquis of EU antitrust law have been selected and which, due to the Brexit procedure initiated in the EU at the same time, underline the importance of UK entrepreneurs in the development of EU competition policy.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2018, 1; 141-159
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Has the Turning Point Been Missed? Exclusivity Payments Granted by Dominant Undertakings in the Light of the Enforcement Priorities Guidance
Autorzy:
Krzyżewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
dominant position
abuse of dominant position
exclusivity
as-efficient competitor test
Opis:
For many years, exclusivity payments and its specific type – loyalty rebates – were treated by the European Commission (Commission) as restrictions by object. This approach has been gradually revised towards a more effect-based reasoning. In the Guidance on the Commission’s enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings (Guidance), the Commission demonstrated its willingness to follow the so-called ‘economic approach’. In particular, the Commission announced that for price-based exclusionary conduct the so-called ‘as-efficient competitor’ test (AEC test) is going to be used. This article aims to verify whether the Commission followed the Guidance in its assessment of exclusionary practices in two cases, Qualcomm and Google (Android), considered by the Author as an opportunity to make a move from a form-based to an economic-based approach. In his considerations, the Author provides proposals on how the practice of the Commission should be changed to ensure dominant undertakings are provided with a sufficient level of legal certainty.
Pendant de nombreuses années, les paiements d’exclusivité et le type spécifique de rabais de fidélité ont été traités par la Commission européenne (la Commission) comme des restrictions par objet. Cette approche a été progressivement révisée en faveur d’un raisonnement fondé sur les effets. Dans les Orientations sur les priorités retenues par la Commission pour l’application de l’article 82 du Traité CE aux pratiques d’éviction abusives des entreprises dominantes (Orientations), la Commission a démontré sa volonté de suivre l’approche “économique”. En particulier, la Commission a annoncé que pour les pratiques d’exclusion fondées sur les prix, le test du “concurrent le plus efficace” sera utilisé. Cet article vise à vérifier si la Commission a suivi les lignes directrices dans son évaluation des pratiques d’exclusion dans deux affaires, Qualcomm et Google (Android), considérées par l’auteur comme des occasions de passer d’une approche fondée sur la forme à une approche économique. Dans ses considérations, l’Auteur fournit des propositions sur la manière dont la pratique de la Commission devrait être modifiée afin de garantir que les entreprises dominantes bénéficient d’un niveau suffisant de sécurité juridique.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2021, 14, 24; 63-95
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grayscale ultrasound characteristics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease severity – an adult and pediatric cohort study
Ocena ultrasonograficzna zaawansowania autosomalnego dominującego zwyrodnienia wielotorbielowatego nerek – badanie na grupie dorosłych i dzieci
Autorzy:
Strzelczyk, Marcin
Podgórski, Michał
Afshari, Susan
Tkaczyk, Marcin
Pawlak-Bratkowska, Monika
Grzelak, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Opis:
Introduction: The most common hereditary kidney condition is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. It is the cause of 5–10% of end-stage renal disease. Its symptoms are generally late-onset, typically leading to development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice in its diagnosis and management. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of grayscale ultrasound imaging in evaluating disease severity. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 81 patients diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, 35 adults and 46 children. Inclusion criterion for adults was the presence of at least 10 large cysts in each kidney; children included into the study had developed at least 1 large renal cyst in each kidney. The number of large cysts, echogenicity of kidney parenchyma, cortical thickness and presentation of cortex/medulla boundary were assessed with the use of Logiq E9 apparatus (GE Healthcare, Netherlands). Patients were divided into groups, based on these morphological parameters. Kidney function was assessed according to serum creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance. Statistical analysis was performed, with p-value lower than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: The number of cysts and the degree of parenchymal dysfunction were the determinants of creatinine level and creatinine clearance, with the second predictor proving stronger. Conclusions: We recommend that an ultrasound kidney examination in patients with polycystic kidney disease should include evaluating renal parenchyma and the number of cysts for better assessment of disease severity.
Autosomalne dominujące wielotorbielowate zwyrodnienie nerek to najczęstsza dziedziczna choroba tego narządu. Stanowi ono przyczynę 5–10% przypadków schyłkowej niewydolności nerek. Jej objawy pojawiają się późno – z reguły prowadzi do rozwoju nadciśnienia tętniczego oraz przewlekłej choroby nerek. Ultrasonografia jest metodą z wyboru w obrazowaniu tego schorzenia, zarówno w diagnostyce, jak i leczeniu. Celem pracy była ocena wartości diagnostycznej badania ultradźwiękowego w określaniu stopnia zaawansowania choroby. Materiał i metoda: Grupa badana składała się z 81 chorych, u których zdiagnozowano autosomalne dominujące zwyrodnienie wielotorbielowate nerek, w tym 35 dorosłych i 46 dzieci. Kryteria włączenia u dorosłych obejmowały obecność co najmniej 10 dużych torbieli w każdej nerce, a u dzieci – co najmniej 1 dużej torbieli w każdej nerce. Liczba dużych torbieli, echogeniczność miąższu nerek, grubość warstwy korowej i obecność zróżnicowania korowo-rdzeniowego były oceniane przy użyciu aparatu Logiq E9 (GE Healthcare, Holandia). Pacjentów podzielono na grupy zgodnie z ich wskaźnikami morfologicznymi. Funkcję nerek oceniono zgodnie z osoczowym stężeniem kreatyniny i klirensem kreatyniny. W analizie za istotną statystycznie przyjęto wartość p < 0,05. Wyniki: Liczba torbieli i stopień upośledzenia funkcji miąższu były determinantami stężenia kreatyniny i klirensu kreatyniny; stopień upośledzenia funkcji miąższu okazał się bardziej istotny. Wnioski: W celu dokonania lepszej oceny aktywności choroby u pacjentów z torbielowatym zwyrodnieniem nerek rekomendujemy ultradźwiękową ocenę miąższu nerek oraz liczby torbieli. Artykuł w wersji polskojęzycznej jest dostępny na stronie http://jultrason.pl/index.php/wydawnictwa/volume-17-no-69
Źródło:
Journal of Ultrasonography; 2017, 17, 69; 85-90
2451-070X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ultrasonography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insights from the Slovak Hybrid Mail Services Case. Case Comment to the Judgement of the General Court of 25 March 2015 and Order of Court of Justice of the EU of 30 June 2016 Slovenská pošta v Commission (Cases T-556/08, C-293/15P)
Autorzy:
Kačerauskas, Karolis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
dominant position
postal sector
statutory monopoly
Opis:
The Slovak hybrid mail services case (or Slovenska posta case) is truly unique in EU jurisprudence. Within the last decade, the European Commission rarely applied Article 106(1) in conjunction with Article 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions in individual cases. Thus Slovenska posta constitutes one of the rare examples of such enforcement. Slovenska posta also constitutes a very rare example of a judicial review of Commission decisions based on Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU. Slovenska posta is only the second case when European courts were called upon to review the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU by the Commission and the first when the judicial review was conducted over a Commission decision regarding “failure to meet the demand”. Indeed, since 1989-1990 (when the Commission commenced to apply Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions introduced by the Member States) and until 2014, when the Court of Justice adopted its decision in Greek lignite (DEI) case , none of the Commission decisions was reviewed by EU courts. Such lack of appeals resulted in a rather strange situation under which the Commission and CJEU developed their own jurisprudence on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU and occasionally interpreted the same legal criteria differently. In this regard, a court review in Slovenska posta was eagerly awaited in the hope it would reconcile these diverging positions and provide more clarity on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(16); 191-204
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perfect connected-dominant graphs
Autorzy:
Zverovich, Igor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/743393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
Connected domination
perfect connected-dominant graph
Opis:
If D is a dominating set and the induced subgraph G(D) is connected, then D is a connected dominating set. The minimum size of a connected dominating set in G is called connected domination number $γ_c(G)$ of G. A graph G is called a perfect connected-dominant graph if $γ(H) = γ_c(H)$ for each connected induced subgraph H of G.We prove that a graph is a perfect connected-dominant graph if and only if it contains no induced path P₅ and induced cycle C₅.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2003, 23, 1; 159-162
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of puerperal metritis on the first ovulation after calving in dairy cows
Autorzy:
Juodžentis, V.
Šiugždaitė, J.
Palubinskas, G.
Juodžentė, D.
Rekešiūtė, A.
Žilinskas, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
corpus luteum
dominant follicle
ovulation
metritis
progesterone
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2020, 23, 4; 619-626
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Particularities of Forming Desert Pastures Near Settlements of Southern Balkhash (Kazakhstan)
Autorzy:
Kubenkulov, Kanaibek
Naushabaev, Ashat
Abdirahymov, Niet
Rustemov, Bagdat
Bazarbaev, Samat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
degradation
pasture
dominant
soil
spectral brightness coefficient
Opis:
The results of field soil-and-geobotanical research study of the pastures near settlement Lepsy located in the desert area of the Almaty region are shown. The particularities of the climatic conditions for the formation of desert pastures in Southern Balkhash area are described. The characteristics of the plant cover of the pastures and the graybrown soils formed under them are provided. The effects of long unsystematic use of the pastures in the conditions of the growth of concentrated grazing areas near settlements on the degradation of the plant and soil covers have been identified, and four stages of degradation have been outlined by seven indicators. In determining the boundaries, the spectrometric characteristics of the surface of the pastures in the spectrum of near-infrared (600–750 nm), blue (400–500 nm), and red (500–600 nm) bands were used.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 8; 129-134
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entrepreneurial Orientation in Mexican Microenterprises
Autorzy:
Campos, Héctor Montiel
Alvarado Acuña, Luis S.
Parra, José Pablo Nuño de la
Aguilar Valenzuela, Francisco A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/474892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę Cognitione
Tematy:
entrepreneurial orientation
dominant logic
firm performance
microenterprises
Opis:
Over the past 30 years research on Entrepreneurship Orientation (EO) has provided valuable information regarding strategy, entrepreneurship and aspects of performance at the firm-level. In the entrepreneurial universe, microenterprises play a very special role in the business context of the economy. However, they have not been relatively present in the EO research. This paper studies the EO-performance relationship in a group of microenterprises in Mexico and includes the Dominant Logic (DL) as a variable that moderates this relationship. The results indicate that risk taking, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness variables from the EO influence the microenterprise performance. In addition, the external DL conceptualization moderates the EO-performance relationship. This paper shows the conclusions of the investigation as well as the limitations and identifies future research methods.
Źródło:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation; 2013, 9, 3; 5-20
2299-7075
2299-7326
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Autonomy of Sector-Specific Regulation – Is It Still Worth Protecting? Further Thoughts on the Parallel Application of Competition Law and Regulatory Instruments
Autorzy:
Stawicki, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of dominant position
sector-specific regulation
Opis:
This article sets out to contribute to the on-going discussion regarding the relationship between competition law and sector-specific regulation, as well as the parallel application of competition law and regulatory instruments. Thus, this article attempts to provide a systematic outline of arguments which are conclusive for the proposition that sector-specific regulation must remain fully autonomous, while taking a critical stance with respect to the views of both the Supreme Court and academic lawyers who advocate the supremacy of competition law.
Le sujet du présent article est la relation entre le droit de la concurrence et le droit des secteurs regulés, ainsi que l’application parallele des institutions du droit de la concurrence et des instruments regulatoires. Le but de l’article est de presenter les arguments selon lesquelles les regulations des secteurs doivent rester autonomes. Il est important de polemiquer avec l’avis exprimé par la Cour Superierure polonaise et par certains juristes qui croivent le droit de la concurrence superieur aux autres regulations.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(4); 115-133
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The set of points at which a polynomial map is not proper
Autorzy:
Jelonek, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311758.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
polynomial mappings
proper mappings
dominant mappings
analytic covering
Opis:
We describe the set of points over which a dominant polynomial map $f=(f_1,...,f_n) : ℂ^n → ℂ^n$ is not a local analytic covering. We show that this set is either empty or it is a uniruled hypersurface of degree bounded by $(∏_{i=1}^n deg f_i - μ (f)) / (min_{i=1,...,n} deg f_i)$.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1993, 58, 3; 259-266
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How can culturally infused Portuguese words be translated into Polish/English?
Jak kulturowo nacechowane portugalskie słowa można przetłumaczyć na polski/angielski?
Autorzy:
Jankowski, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2117884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Translatoryka
dominanta translatorska
dominanta przekładowa
Nowe Państwo
Portugalia
kultura
Fado
Translation Studies
translative dominant
translator dominant
Estado Novo
Portugal
culture
Opis:
How to translate culturally infused words is indeed the question that becomes more complicated as the cultural turn in Translation Studies (TS) takes place. The task for translators has become not only to make a linguistic transfer but a cultural one as well. In this essay I shall discuss how to deal with some Portuguese words that may be regarded as crucial to defining Portuguese culture. I will focus on words and terms that ask for an understanding and reception mainly at the cultural level. One should keep in mind that knowledge is the key here, as it will be necessary to know something about both source and target culture to find out not only the best solution in translation for these words, but to understand them as well. I will study the process of translation as a process of making certain decisions. I will try to show not only that direct translation is complex, but also that the way we translate those words also differs between a historical book and a comedy film, between a poem translation and a juvenile book translation, etc. As a methodology I shall study this cultureoriented translatological phenomenon under the dominant in translations (as defined by Anna Bednarczyk), the elements that determine translation (loosely based on Werner Koller’s ideas), and the great classic Jiří Levý and his vision of translation as a process of making decisions. I will present different paradigms in order to work out the possible solutions.
Sposób tłumaczenia słów nacechowanych kulturowo jest zadaniem, które skomplikowało się wraz z tzw. zwrotem kulturowym w translatoryce. Wraz z nim zadanie tłumaczy wykroczyło poza transfer językowy, obejmując również transfer kulturowy. W tym eseju skupię się na strategiach przekładoznawczych, które można zastosować dla wybranych portugalskich słów, kluczowych dla zdefiniowania portugalskiej kultury. Będą to słowa i terminy, które wymagają zrozumienia i recepcji przede wszystkim na poziomie kulturowym. Bez posiadania wiedzy o realiach portugalskich, która jest w tym wypadku kluczem do translatorskiego sukcesu, niemożliwe będzie zrozumienie, a co za tym idzie i przełożenie danych słów i terminów. Postaram się prześledzić proces przekładu jako proces podejmowania decyzji. Postaram się również wykazać, że nie tylko bezpośrednie tłumaczenie jest procesem złożonym, ale konkretne wybory są również determinowane przez gatunkową przynależność danego tekstu. Metodologicznie odwołam się do konceptu dominanty (w ujęciu Anny Bednarczyk), do czynników determinujących przekład (swobodnie opierając się na pomysłach Wernera Kollera) oraz do klasycznego modelu przekładu jako procesu podejmowania decyzji (Jiří Levý). W tym duchu zaprezentowane zostaną paradygmaty celem wypracowania możliwych rozwiązań translatologicznych.
Źródło:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2015, 15; 213-231
1641-6961
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GIS-Based Sub-Basin Scale Identification of Dominant Runoff Processes for Soil and Water Management in Anambra Area of Nigeria
Autorzy:
Fagbohun, B. J.
Olabode, O. F.
Adebola, A. O.
Akinluy, F. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk o Ziemi
Tematy:
proces
odpływ
GIS
teledetekcja
dominant runoff process
remote sensing
Opis:
Identifying landscapes having comparable hydrological characteristics is valuable for the determination of dominant runoff process (DRP) and prediction of flood. Several approaches used for DRP-mapping vary in relation to data and time requirement. Manual approaches which are based on field investigation and expert knowledge are time demanding and difficult to implement at regional scale. Automatic GIS-based approach on the other hand require simplification of data but is easier to implement and it is applicable on a regional scale. In this study, GIS-based automated approach was used to identify the DRPs in Anambra area. The result showed that Hortonian overland flow (HOF) has the highest coverage of 1508.3 km2 (33.5%) followed by deep percolation (DP) with coverage of 1455.3 km2 (32.3%). Subsurface flow (SSF) is the third dominant runoff process covering 920.6 km2 (20.4%) while saturated overland flow (SOF) covers the least area of 618.4 km2 (13.7%) of the study area. The result reveal that considerable amount of precipitated water would be infiltrated into the subsurface through deep percolation process contributing to groundwater recharge in the study area. However, it is envisaged that HOF and SOF will continue to increase due to the continuous expansion of built-up area. With the expected increase in HOF and SOF, and the change in rainfall pattern associated with perpetual problem of climate change, it is paramount that groundwater conservation practices should be considered to ensure continued sustainable utilization of groundwater in the study area.
Źródło:
Contemporary Trends in Geoscience; 2017, 6, 2; 80-93
2299-8179
Pojawia się w:
Contemporary Trends in Geoscience
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Margin Squeezing as a Manifestation of Abuse of Dominant Position
Autorzy:
Maziarz, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47056095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
margin squeeze
refusal to supply
abuse of dominant position
Opis:
Margin squeezing is an abuse of dominant position, which is not directly mentioned in Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It is the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European General Court that have recognised this practice as anti-competitive, initially treating it as anti-competitive refusal to supply. Given the many similarities between these practices, there are questions as to whether margin squeeze should be considered an separate manifestation of an abuse of dominant position. The aim of the article is to analyse the position of the European Commission in this regard and juxtapose it with the views contained in relevant judicial decisions, judgements, and rulings, as well as to compare it with the regulations adopted in the United States.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2024, 16, 1; 68-81
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An ever closer union . . . of linguistic diversity
Autorzy:
Tomozeiu, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
linguistic diversity
less-dominant languages
education policy
European Union
Opis:
The analysis carried out between October 2014 and February 2015 by a team of researchers from the University of Westminster with support from colleagues from across the EU identified the linguistic communities across the 28 EU member states as recognized (or not) by the country’s legislation and the linguistic rights of these communities in education, judiciary and public services. The findings present a complex picture of different linguistic traditions, as well as different levels of minority language use. Education and media appear as the two areas where these minority languages are most used. The diversity of national policies across the EU towards minority languages is highlighted. At the same time, a number of factors that influence the use of minority languages in one context and not in another are identified. Finally, a policy approach that would enhance education in minority languages, strengthen community cohesion and diversity in a globalizing world is put forward.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2017, 7, 2; 317-334
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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