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Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
Tytuł:
Seasonal variation in heavy metal distribution in the sediments of selected dams in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Autorzy:
Gav, B. L.
Aremu, M. O.
Etonihu, A. C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1109614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Dams
Heavy metal
Seasonal variations
sediments
Opis:
The study was carried out to ascertain seasonal variation in heavy metal distribution in sediments from Dams located in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected twice each at two different seasons for two years from May to September, 2014 and November-December, 2014 to March, 2015 for wet and dry seasons, respectively. Similarly, sediment samples were collected from May to September, 2015 and November-December, 2015 to March, 2016 for wet and dry seasons, respectively. The samples were then assessed for heavy metal properties, using atomic absorption spectrophotography (AAS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then applied. The mean results of the heavy metal levels showed high values in dry seasons and low values in wet seasons in the two years of the study. Herein, the results of ANOVA revealed significant difference in the heavy metal concentrations between the seasons, dams and years. Our study also indicated that for heavy metals, the levels determined in sediments were within the WHO acceptable standards, except for Pb and Mn. These exceeded the WHO acceptable standards for drinking water. Based on these results, the dam waters are, therefore, polluted and unsuitable for human consumption, except after treatment.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2018, 20; 148-159
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changing dimensions and interactions of water crisis and human rights in developing countries
Autorzy:
Bhattacharya, Sayan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
dams
food security
human rights
privatization
water
Opis:
Water resources are essential for sustaining life forms, food production, socio-economic development, and for general well-being. Water is intrinsically linked with several perspectives of human rights like right to life, right to food, right to self-determination, right to adequate standard of living, right to housing, right to education, right to health, right to take part in cultural life, right to suitable working conditions etc. Yet, human rights to water remains imperfectly defined. Global water consumption is doubling every 20 years, more than twice the rate of human population growth. The growth in water consumption is highest in the agricultural and industrial areas, where the resources to buy water are readily available with rich farmers and industrialists. Potential human right issues can arise from lack of safe water. Construction of dams can lead to ecosystem imbalances and degradation of the quality of human life, specially the livelihood of the indigenous and tribal populations. To solve the growing water crisis, one of the possible solutions that has been proposed and has been implemented is water privatization, which majorly considers water as a profitable commodity. Water pricing and privatization will inevitably increase the price of the major crops and vegetables all around the world, which, in turn, can adversely affect food security. Community based water management policies such as rainwater harvesting, check dam construction, sustainable watershed management, integrated river basin management and irrigation efficiency can be sustainable solutions of water crisis, which also can respect the human right issues as well.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 34; 86-97
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary investigations of rocks and soil at the lower reach of Al-Shor Wadi for water harvesting
Autorzy:
Al-Naqib, Salim Q.
Sulaiman, Ali M
Al-Youzbakey, Kotayba T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1064782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
water investigations
Al-Shor Wadi
water harvesting
Mosul
dams
Opis:
The last four decades weather forecasting data marks the precipitation declination and increase dry years, in addition to the desertification migration on the west and northwestern Mosul city. This led to studying the Al-Shor Wadi area to try to make use of the karstic spring water flow through it and to harvest the rainfall flow water. These need to select the best site to construct a dam taking into consideration the geological and geotechnical characteristics of both dam site and lake behind. The dam site appears to be appropriate relying on the large thickness and frequencies of the marl bed, the restriction of gypsum bed thicknesses and frequencies as well as, of the approximate nill karstification.
Źródło:
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences; 2020, 29, 4; 435-443
1732-9353
Pojawia się w:
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of Postflotation Tailings in Hydroengineering Structures
Autorzy:
Stefaniak, K.
Wróżyńska, M.
Kroll, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952360.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
postflotation tailings
earthen dams
density measures
grain size parameters
Opis:
Economic development stimulated by the increased demand for production of consumer goods and the growing human population result in increasing the amounts of various wastes, including tailings. Mining industry in Poland, comprising also mining of non-ferrous metal ores, is a strategic branch of the national economy and, at the same time, a leading waste producer. Tailings management is a significant problem both in Poland and worldwide. Frequently, considerable amounts of wastes are accumulated in mine spoil tips, in areas not always suitable for their deposition, thus leading to the degradation of the surrounding environment. At the huge volume of produced wastes their rational and economically viable management is becoming crucial. On the other hand, depletion of natural aggregate deposits is an important incentive to search for substitutes, which would be suitable for the development of road infrastructure or which could be used in earth structure engineering to construct hydroengineering objects. Since no profitable recovery technologies are available at present, tailings generated by copper mining are deposited in tailings storage facilities. The largest and at the same time the only currently operating facility in Poland is the Żelazny Most Mining Tailings Storage Facility, belonging to KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. The paper presents criteria for material quality and density imposed on the material embedded in the static core of the tailings pond dam. For this purpose studies were conducted to confirm applicability of sorted tailings as a material for the construction of earth structures.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 1; 113-118
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gully erosion control and carbon sequestration through filter dams in three different land uses
Autorzy:
Andrade-Limas, E.
Espinosa-Ramírez, M.
Ruiz-Sinoga, J. D.
Romero-Díaz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
carbon sequestration
filter dams
gullies
land uses
Tamulipas
Mexico
Opis:
The object of this study was to compare and quantify carbon sequestration and erosion control in two type soil and three land uses. Direct measurements of sediment retained in dams with mesh and branches have been taken. In conclusion it may indicate that these dams are an efficient filter control on gully erosion, which is higher in cropland. The capture of organic carbon was higher in natural vegetation due to higher content of organic matter in soil.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2011, 17; 87-89
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of fuzzy cognitive mapping in the analysis of small earth dam failure
Autorzy:
Shongwe, Mduduzi I.
Maseko, Thabo
Vilane, Bruce R. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
dam failure
fuzzy cognitive mapping
small earth dams
systems thinking
Opis:
Small earth dams are most valuable in arid and semi-arid areas where they are used for both domestic and agricultural purposes. These dams however, continue to fail. The causes of such failures are interconnected in the sense that one can trigger the other. Most research into earth dams nevertheless, uses reductionist approaches. Such approaches do not consider the complex interactions between these modes and/or causes. This research used fuzzy cognitive mapping to identify the prominent modes and causes of small earth dam failure in Swaziland and to capture their interactions. A sample of seven earth dam construction experts was purposively selected from five institutions for individual interviews. An individual map was developed from each interview. An aggregated map was thereafter developed by combining seven individual maps. The results indicated that overtopping, piping and sliding were the common modes of earth dam failure. Overtopping was mainly due to siltation whilst animal barrows and tree roots were largely responsible for piping. Sliding was mostly associated construction defects and sudden drawdown. It was concluded that most of the failures were linked to poor management of catchments and that of the dams. It is recommended that future designs and management should increase the level of community participation in order to limit some of the causes associated with land use practices.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2020, 44; 136-142
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modernising the control network for determining displacements in hydraulic structures using automatic measurement techniques
Autorzy:
Zaczek-Peplinska, Janina
Saloni, Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
automatic measurement
control network
dams
engineering geodesy
geodetic displacement measurement
LiDAR
Opis:
Over the last two decades, geodetic surveying has seen significant advancements with terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) laser scanning, alongside automatic observations being increasingly utilised throughout the construction process. In the context of dam structures, periodic geodetic displacement measurements are a compulsory component of control measurements and safety assessments. In Poland, however, control measurements have largely remained rooted in traditional techniques such as classic linear and angular measurements and precise levelling. These methods are typically carried out within distinct control networks, i.e. without dual-function observation points and targets. Furthermore, network points (pillars, targets) have often not been renewed since their installation several decades ago, and glass discs, used for crown measurements in the baseline method, frequently face damage. Changes in property ownership and modifications in environmental regulations are compounded by these issues, which often impede the proper upkeep of the sight line. The article proposes the adaptation and reconstruction of control networks to incorporate automatic observation techniques, including linear and angular measurements. This approach includes activities aimed at reconstructing and supplementing damaged network structures, modernising the geodetic process of determining structure displacements, and enhancing the accuracy, credibility, and reliability of geodetic displacement measurement results. The article presents the findings of an inventory assessment conducted on the existing control network infrastructure, focusing on the analysis of displacements for structures with diverse constructions and functions - a concrete dam (class I) and a water damming weir with a water intake. Furthermore, it presents practical conclusions regarding the efficient organisation of geodetic control measurements.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 59; 66--75
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concrete surface evaluation based on the reflected TLS laser beam’s intensity image classification
Autorzy:
Zaczek-Peplinska, J.
Osińska-Skotak, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
engineering geodesy
Automatic Image Analysis
control of dams
assesment of concrete surface
Opis:
Dynamically developing terrestrial laser scanning technology (TLS) provides modern surveying tools, that is, scanning total stations and laser scanners. Owing to these instruments, periodic control surveys of concrete dams were performed as a part of geodetic monitoring yield point models characterised by quasicontinuity. Using the results of such measurements as a base, one can carry out a number of geometric analyses as well as acquire information for detailed analytical and calculative considerations. The scanner, similar to total station, by determining distances and angles, identifies spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the surveyed points. Registration of the reflected laser beam’s intensity value (Intensity) emitted by the scanner provides additional information on the surveyed object. Owing to high working speed and the large amount of the collected data, the scanners became an indispensable tool for geodesists. The article assesses the possibility of application of terrestrial laser scanning in surveying changes in the surface of a concrete dam based on the experimental measurements. The condition of the dam’s downstream concrete wall was evaluated. The evaluation included changes in the surface’s roughness, cracks, seepage points, erosion caused by plant overgrowth and the degressive durability parameter of the used material (concrete). The article presents an example of the application of the results of a laser scan in the assessment of the condition of a water dam’s external concrete surfaces. The results of experimental measurements were analysed – the results of a scan of the downstream concrete wall of a dam in Ecker (Germany) using two laser scanners characterised by different technical parameters, that is, laser wavelength (laser’s colour), range, definable point density, method of distance measurement – Leica C10, Z+F Imager 5006h. The measurement was carried out in the same weather conditions from the same sites of the test base. The results of the measurements were analysed using, inter alia, statistical methods by defining template fields and supervised and unsupervised classification methods in reference to the selected fragments of the Surface characterised by known concrete surface properties. Various classification algorithms were used. The obtained results make it possible to assess the suitability of the proposed methodology of evaluating the concreto surface’s condition and establish tool selection principles to match the practical application requirements.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2018, 40, 1; 56-64
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Media Discourses of Mekong Dams: A Thematic Analysis
Dyskursy medialne o zaporach na rzece Mekong: analiza tematyczna
Autorzy:
Delang, Claudio O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
dams
discourse analysis
Mekong
Laos
Cambodia
Thailand
Vietnam
zapory
analiza dyskursu
Kambodża
Tajlandia
Wietnam
Opis:
Economic and political stability in Southeast Asia has led to a surge in Mekong dam development and construction in the 2010s. But, not only has the logistics of dam construction changed dramatically in the 35 years since Mekong hydroelectric development began; the public discourse surrounding hydroelectric development in the region has also expanded and diversified. The Mekong, while still seen by some throughout the region as a source of untapped economic opportunity, is also a source of growing concern for states who are losing control of the dams’ ecological impact. Both of these visions of the river are framed in the public imagination of various states by their respective media's chosen depiction of the issue of dam development. Through an examination of the discourse surrounding Mekong hydro development in the four Mekong River Commission (MRC) states, this paper explores the divergent interests of states currently engaged in a complex water diplomacy. Themes drawn from the English-language press coverage in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam are compared to determine how the unique geographic and economic positioning of each state shapes their media's depiction of Mekong dam development. Shared concerns about environmental damage, MRC weakness, and economic futures are also explored.
Ekonomiczna i polityczna stabilizacja w południowo-wschodniej Azji doprowadziła po 2010 r. do podjęcia decyzji o budowie zapór na rzece Mekong. Od czasu, gdy 35 lat temu rozpoczął się rozwój energetyki wodnej na rzece Mekong wiele się zmieniło i to nie tylko od strony logistycznej, także dyskusja publiczna odnosząca się do przyszłości hydroenergetyki w regionie uległa rozszerzeniu. Rzeka nadal postrzegana jest przez wielu jako potencjalne źródło ekonomicznego wzrostu, zarazem jest przedmiotem rosnących obaw dla krajów, które wydają się nie być w stanie utrzymać pod kontrolą ekologicznych konsekwencji budowy zapór. Oba podejścia trafiają do obiegu publicznego w poszczególnych krajach dzięki doniesieniom medialnym. W niniejszym artykule dokonano przeglądu dyskursu wokół rozwoju hydroenergetyki na rzece Mekong w czterech krajach należących do Komisji ds. rzeki Mekong (Mekong River Commission. MRC), ukazano rozbieżności w preferencjach poszczególnych krajów, zaangażowanych w skomplikowaną dyplomacje wodną. Porównano treści publikowane w anglojęzycznej w Laosie, w Tajlandii, Kambodży i Wietnamie, w celu ustalenia, w jaki sposób unikalne położenie geograficzne i gospodarcze każdego państwa kształtuje obraz ich mediów w kontekście budowy kolejnych zapór na rzece Mekong. Omówiono również wspólne obawy dotyczące szkód wyrządzonych środowisku naturalnemu, słabości komisji MRC i konsekwencji tego stanu dla przyszłości ekonomicznej regionu.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2019, 14, 1; 119-130
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydropower potential of the lower Vistula
Potencjał hydroenergetyczny dolnej Wisły
Autorzy:
Szydłowski, M.
Gąsiorowski, D.
Szymkiewicz, R.
Zima, P.
Hakiel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
ENERGA
Tematy:
hydropower potential
cascade of dams
lower Vistula
energy production
potencjał hydroenergetyczny
kaskada stopni wodnych
dolna Wisła
produkcja energii
Opis:
This paper presents an estimate analysis of the hydropower potential of the lower Vistula River from Warsaw to Gdańsk Bay. The calculations were made for a hydraulic model of the lower Vistula which takes into account potential development of barrages in a cascade system. Results obtained from the model simulations and from hydrological calculations were used to estimate the power of hydropower plants and the average annual energy output from the entire cascade system. The results of calculations indicate significant energy benefits resulting from the development of a cascade of hydropower plants in the lower Vistula. This study does not discuss the cascade project’s economic viability or other aspects of its development (inland waterways, flood control, etc.).
W artykule przedstawiono szacunkową analizę potencjału hydroenergetycznego dolnej Wisły na odcinku od Warszawy do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Obliczenia wykonano, przyjmując model hydrauliczny dolnej Wisły, w którym uwzględniono potencjalną zabudowę stopniami wodnymi pracującymi w układzie kaskady zwartej. Uzyskane wyniki symulacji z modelu wraz z przeprowadzonymi obliczeniami hydrologicznymi posłużyły do oszacowania mocy elektrowni wodnych oraz średniej rocznej produkcji energii całego układu kaskady. Otrzymane wyniki obliczeń wskazują na znaczące korzyści energetyczne wynikające z budowy kaskady elektrowni wodnych na dolnej Wiśle. W pracy nie podjęto ekonomicznej kwestii opłacalności wykonania analizowanej kaskady, jak również innych aspektów istnienia kaskady (żegluga śródlądowa, ochrona przeciwpowodziowa i inne).
Źródło:
Acta Energetica; 2015, 1; 18-32
2300-3022
Pojawia się w:
Acta Energetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using the modified scalar product approach for testing the direction of seepage through the earth-fill dam in Pieczyska
Wykorzystanie zmodyfikowanej metody iloczynu skalarnego do badania kierunku filtracji w zaporze ziemnej w Pieczyskach
Autorzy:
Lach, S.
Opyrchał, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
earth-fill dams
monitoring
piezometers
safety of hydraulic structures
scalar product
bezpieczeństwo obiektu hydrotechnicznego
iloczyn skalarny
piezometry
zapory ziemne
Opis:
Currently, the problems related to the development of seepage are emerging more and more frequently. For this reason, there is a constant need to improve the existing methods, and to develop new ones, for determining the direction and intensity of the development of seepage processes occurring in earth-fill dams and their foundations. The analysed earth-fill dam is located in Pieczyska in the Kujawy-Pomerania province at 49.115 km from the river mouth of the Brda River. The catchment area is 4.109 km². The article aims to verify the non-invasive, non-subjective method for examining the direction of seepage through earth-fill dams using the modified scalar product approach, which allows to determine the direction and intensity of the seepage process. A proper analysis of this process can greatly reduce the repair costs (injections or other methods of sealing), and significantly increase the safety of the existing earth-fill dams. In the case of the dam in Pieczyska, in 2010–2015, the two piezometers (located on the left abutment of the dam and denoted as P15A and P60) exhibited a direct hydraulic connection with the upstream water level (the scalar product approach). For the study dam, the “source” piezometer (to which all the piezometers in its surrounding exhibited similar changes in water levels) turned out to be the piezometer P15A. This fact was confirmed both by the number of connections between the individual piezometers and the resulting system of equipotential lines for the dam.
Obecnie w wielu istniejących zaporach coraz wyraźniej uwidaczniają się problemy związane z rozwojem zjawisk filtracji. Z tego powodu występuje stała konieczność doskonalenia istniejących oraz rozwijania nowych metod określania kierunków i intensywności rozwoju procesów filtracji występującej w zaporach ziemnych i ich podłożach. Analizowana zapora znajduje się w miejscowości Pieczyska w woj. kujawsko-pomorskim w 49,115 km biegu rzeki Brdy. Zamyka ona zlewnię o powierzchni 4109 km2. Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja nieinwazyjnej oraz pozbawionej subiektywizmu metody badania kierunku filtracji w zaporach ziemnych z wykorzystaniem zmodyfikowanej metody iloczynu skalarnego, pozwalającej na określenie kierunku i intensywności procesu filtracji. Prawidłowe rozpoznanie tego procesu umożliwia znaczne obniżenie kosztów remontu zapory (zastrzyków lub innych sposobów uszczelniania) oraz istotnie zwiększa bezpieczeństwo funkcjonowania istniejących zapór ziemnych. W przypadku zapory w Pieczyskach w latach 2010–2015 w dwóch piezometrach (zlokalizowane na lewym przyczółku zapory i oznaczone symbolami P15A oraz P60) stwierdzono bezpośrednie połączenie hydrauliczne z wodą górną (metoda iloczynu skalarnego). Dla badanej zapory piezometrem „źródłem” (do którego wszystkie piezometry w jego otoczeniu wykazywały podobieństwo zmian stanów wody) okazał się piezometr P15A. Fakt ten potwierdziła zarówno liczba powiązań między poszczególnymi piezometrami, jak i uzyskany układ hydroizohips w zaporze.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2017, 33; 89-98
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Critical seismic coefficients of homogeneous earth dams prediction by a FELA-ANN approach
Autorzy:
Abdelatif, Zeroual
Ali, Fourar
Messaoud, Djeddou
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/122272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
critical seismic coefficient
pseudo-static analysis
finite element limit analysis
artificial neural network
homogeneous earth dams
sztuczna sieć neuronowa
jednorodne zapory ziemne
współczynnik sejsmiczny
Opis:
In this research study, a combination of lower and upper bound finite element limit analysis (FELA) and artificial neural network (ANN) has been adopted in order to forecast critical seismic coefficients (kc) of homogeneous earth dams (HED) subjected to pseudo-static seismic loading. To achieve this, the results of kc obtained by OptumG2 software were used in the development of the ANN and MR models. The ANN models have shown higher prediction performance than the MR models based on the performance indices. The most appropriate architecture was found 8-14-1, as this gave the best kc predict with the minimum statistical measures of error and the high determination coefficient (> 99%). Consequently, the ANN model can be used to easily and accurately predict kc value of the HED as the best substitute for the conventional methods.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics; 2019, 18, 3; 5-16
2299-9965
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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