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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Some issues concerning applications of naturalistic paradigm to the study of religion
    Autorzy:
    Kowalczyk-Purol, Kinga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    universal Darwinism
    cultural evolution
    adaptation
    byproduct
    memetics
    cognitive schema
    Opis:
    Viewing religion as a product of evolution already has yielded a new and interesting hypotheses, which could help to integrate entire heritage of scientific study of religion. Nonetheless, there are some objections toward this program. First, despite the fact that evolutionary theories of religion are inherently interdisciplinary, its integration with sociological, anthropological and historical studies should be improve in the future. Second, phenomenological descriptions (that is individual religious experiences) are neglected by Darwinians. This fact could negatively affects explanatory potential of this approach. Finally, opponents of analyzed paradigm state that evolutionary hypotheses have still low level of confirmation. It stems from a small number of conducted empirical investigations on evolutionary roots of religion. Nevertheless, application of Darwinian tools to the study of religion remains a very promising scientific venture.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2014, 54; 39-77
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pragmatism and Political Pluralism - Consensus and Pluralism
    Autorzy:
    Marsonet, Michele
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036574.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
    Tematy:
    pragmatism
    science
    cultural evolution
    political philosophy
    consensus
    social contract
    Opis:
    A pragmatist thinker like Nicholas Rescher deems the idea that social harmony must be predicated in consensus to be both dangerous and misleading. An essential problem of our time is the creation of political and social institutions that enable people to live together in peaceful and productive ways, despite the presence of not eliminable disagreements about theoretical and practical issues. Such remarks, in turn, strictly recall the “practical” impossibility of settling philosophical disputes by having recourse to abstract and aprioristic principles. In the circumstances, the social model of team members cooperating for a common purpose is unrealistic. A more adequate model is, instead, that of a classical capitalism where - in a sufficiently well developed system - both competition and rivalry manage somehow to foster the benefit of the entire community (theory of the “hidden hand”). Certainly the scientific community is one of the best examples of this that we have, although even in this case we must be careful not to give too idealized a picture of scientific research. Consensus, however, in the Western tradition is an ideal worth being pursued. At this point we are faced with two basic positions. On the one side (a) “consensualists” maintain that disagreement should be averted no matter what, while, on the other, (b) “pluralists” accept disagreement because they take dissensus to be an inevitable feature of the imperfect world in which we live. A pluralistic vision, therefore, tries to make dissensus tolerable, and not to eliminate it. All theories of idealized consensus present us with serious setbacks. This is the case, for instance, with Charles S. Peirce. As is well known, Peirce takes truth to be “the limit of inquiry,” i.e. either what science will discover in the (idealized) long run, or what it would discover if the human efforts were so extended. By taking this path, thus, truth is nothing but the ultimate consensus reached within the scientific community. We can be sure that, once a “final” answer to a question has been found which is thereafter maintained without change, that one is the truth we were looking for. This fascinating theory, however, has various unfortunate consequences. In our day the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas has in a way revived these Peircean insights, putting forward an influential theory to the effect that consensus indeed plays a key role in human praxis, so that the primary task of philosophy is to foster it by eliminating the disagreement which we constantly have to face in the course of our daily life. In his “communicative theory of consensus,” furthermore, he claims that human communication rests on an implicit commitment to a sort of “ideal speech situation” which is the normative foundation of agreement in linguistic matters. Consequently, the quest for consensus is a constitutive feature of our nature of (rational) human beings: rationality and consensus are tied together. A very strong consequence derives from Habermas’ premises: were we to abandon the search for consensus we would lose rationality, too, and this makes us understand that he views the pursuit of consensus as a regulative principle (rather than as a merely practical objective). Rescher opposes both Peirce’s eschatological view and Habermas’ regulative and idealized one.
    Źródło:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2015, 12; 47-58
    2079-3715
    2309-1088
    Pojawia się w:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How research on language evolution contributes to linguistics
    Autorzy:
    Żywiczyński, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1121032.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    the science of language evolution
    sign linguistics and gesture studies
    cultural evolution
    linguistic niche hypothesis
    nomothetic research
    Opis:
    This paper illustrates a methodological approach to the design of an annotated corpus using a case study of phonetic convergences and divergences by multilingual speakers in southwestern Senegal’s Casamance region. The newly compiled corpus contains approximately 183,000 annotations of multilingual, spoken data, gathered by eight researchers over a ten year span using methods ranging from structured lexical elicitation in controlled contexts to naturally occurring, multilingual conversations. The area from which the data were collected consists of three villages and their primary languages, and yet many more contribute to the linguistic landscape. Detailed metadata inform analyses of variation, the context in which a speech act took place and between whom, the speakers’ linguistic repertoires, trajectories, and social networks, as well as the larger language context. A potential path for convergence or divergence that emerged during data collection and in building and searching the corpus is the crossroads in the phonetic production of word-initial velar plosives. Word-initial [k] emerges in one language where only [ɡ] is present in the other; the third utilizes both. The corpus design makes it feasible, not only to identify areas of accommodation, but to grasp the context, enabling a sociolinguistically informed analysis of the speakers’ linguistic behavior.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2019, 5, 1; 1-34
    2449-7525
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    In search of the principle of sustainable development – an attempt to evaluate the concepts of Hans Christoph Binswanger and Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
    Autorzy:
    Kośmicki, Eugeniusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127653.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    sustainable development
    economics of moderation
    economic growth and its consequences,
    financial and speculative crises
    phylogenetic basis of evolution
    biological and cultural evolution
    perspective of short-term thinking
    basic environmental and social hazards
    Opis:
    Hans Christoph Binswanger was one of the most prominent Swiss and European economists. He made attempts to diagnose the contemporary socio-economic and ecological situation in highly developed countries. He proposed 'the idea of moderation' in economic and social activities. The modern economy is based on coercion and pressure on economic growth. More and more speculative bubbles are created and their 'bursting' leads to financial and economic crises. H.Ch. Binswanger pointed to the possibility of overcoming crises and entering the path of a sustainable economy: one which does not shy away from altering the mode of its functioning. Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt was a prominent contemporary Austrian biologist, interested in studying the behaviour of humans and animals. In addition to his numerous biological studies, I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt was also the author of socio-philosophical research concerning the basic problems of economics, economy, environmental protection, and sustainable development. The role of man in nature and society is changing rapidly. An important problem of modern society is the time perspective in the processes of biological evolution and the functioning of human society. Biology also emphasises the phylogenetic basis of social actions. The current economic and political situation does not live up to the ideas of economic liberalism. The most negative effects of short-term thinking can be seen, for instance, in agriculture, industry and migration policies. It has become necessary to abandon short-term thinking and devise a long-term development strategy, a survival ethos for future generations. Both H.Ch. Binswanger and I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt contributed to the development of the concept of sustainability and to identifying its problems.
    Źródło:
    Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 4(94); 96-114
    1506-7637
    Pojawia się w:
    Optimum. Economic Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vine landscapes in Crimea: evolution, problems, prospects
    Autorzy:
    Pozachenyuk, Katerina
    Yakovenko, Irina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-04-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Tematy:
    Crimea
    vineyard landscapes
    cultural landscapes
    evolution
    cultural heritage
    Opis:
    The conditions and factors of development of the vine landscapes in Crimea and their evolution are considered for the ancient, medieval, imperial, Soviet (first and second halves of the 20 th century), and postSoviet periods. The characteristics of the vineyard landscape zones (South Coast, Foothills and Steppe) are presented. Having reached their maximum areas in the period 1955-1970, the area of the vineyards in Crimea decreased steadily until 2017. The main causes of degradation were the spread of phylloxera, the campaign against alcoholism in 1985, the deterioration of sales after the collapse of the USSR, and the ineffective system of cultivation technology. The current ways of reviving grape landscapes - the introduction of innovative methods of farming, greening and cluster forms of viticulture and winemaking - are addressed.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2018, 22, 2; 102-108
    0867-6046
    2084-6118
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Viticultural landscapes in transition: permanence and change
    Autorzy:
    Miętkiewska-Brynda, Joanna
    Makowski, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134573.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-04-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Tematy:
    Cultural landscape
    viticultural landscape
    evolution
    “longue durée”
    Opis:
    This article concerns the transitions of cultural landscapes, especially of viticultural landscapes. The authors do not aim to present new definition of the term “landscape” but base their study on the existing output of Polish and foreign scholars. The fact that cultural landscapes are in a constant state of flux is stressed, and periods of both development and regression are included. These phenomena are illustrated with reference to the transformations of Poland's viticultural landscapes, the cultural landscapes of the Palmeral de Elche, and the mouth of the Vistula, as well as the metamorphosis of the landscape of Alto Douro. These examples may be an apt illustration of F. Braudel's concept of “longue durée”.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2018, 22, 2; 63-68
    0867-6046
    2084-6118
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vineyards Cultural Landscape in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain): evolution and transformations
    Autorzy:
    Cañizares, M. Carmen
    Ruiz Pulpón, Ángel Raúl
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134535.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-04-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Tematy:
    Vineyard landscape
    Castilla-La Mancha
    evolution
    cultural landscape
    Opis:
    The autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha is the region with the biggest vineyard area of Spain. The rural landscape is totally adapted to the geographical conditions of the Mediterranean Europe, with signs of proper identity derived from its historical tradition and a peculiar way of working the territory by the population. Its natural dynamics and complexity, consequence of the capacity to adapt to social and economic processes which have conditioned it over time, is united to the importance of the agricultural structure. This work has the objective to analyse that kind of process with the analysis of the vineyard's historical evolution, transformations derived from the application of the Common Agrarian Policy of the European Union, and its undeniable cultural nature that means an interesting potential to contribute to the territorial development.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2018, 22, 2; 90-94
    0867-6046
    2084-6118
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A review of stakeholder dynamics
    Przegląd dynamiki zainteresowanych stron
    Autorzy:
    Koplyay, T.
    Lloyd, D.
    Feher-Toma, E.
    Fekete-Farkas, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/405169.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Częstochowska
    Tematy:
    stakeholder
    market lifecycle
    firm evolution
    cultural differences
    interesariusz
    zainteresowana strona
    ewolucja firmy
    różnice kulturowe
    Opis:
    Stakeholder relationships are a critical part of any businesses success, and should be properly managed to provide the best outcome for the firm during its market lifecycle. Our aim is to emphasize the importance of stakeholders along the firm lifecycle and present cultural dimensions of decision making with an overview of cultural aspects. The paper builds upon on the previous research of authors focusing on the very dynamic High-tech market in Canada. Our main statement is that the role and importance of stakeholders are changing and to show the directions or focus of stakeholders influence changes according to the stages in this market the interactions with, and among stakeholders’ changes remarkably depending on where the firm is in its market evolution or penetration. We also show the importance of stakeholders in the decision making process and analyzing the European market it can be seen that different cultural background even can affect the decisions also in a market with more similar background like Hungary and Germany. Market environment dictates the profile of the stakeholder ecosystem, and this reflects the profile of the marketplace. The relationship is mutually beneficial, or mutually destructive, and proper management is the only way to shift the latter to the former.
    Relacje pomiędzy zainteresowanymi stronami są kluczowym elementem sukcesu każdego przedsiębiorstwa i powinny być one odpowiednio zarządzane, aby zapewnić najlepsze rezultaty dla firmy w czasie jej istnienia na rynku. Celem autorów jest podkreślenie znaczenia relacji pomiędzy zainteresowanymi stronami dla funkcjonowania firmy. Relacje te dotyczą aspektów kulturowych podejmowania decyzji. Artykuł bazuje na wcześniejszych badaniach autorów koncentrujących się na bardzo dynamicznym rynku high-tech w Kanadzie. Wskazują oni kierunki lub koncentracje zmian wpływu zainteresowanych stron w zależności od rynku i stopnia jego zaawansowania oraz lokalizacji. Analizując rynek europejski można zauważyć, że różne środowiska kulturowe mogą również wpłynąć na decyzje na rynku o bardziej podobnym tle, jak na Węgrzech czy w Niemczech.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2016, 14, 1; 140-151
    2081-7452
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Management Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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