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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 292
Tytuł:
Environmental Protection Through the Instruments of Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Čentéš, Jozef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
environmental protection
criminal code
environmental rights
criminal offence
criminal justice
Opis:
Environmental protection represents a complex and one of the most discussed issues, currently under consideration within the legal framework. The author in this article focuses on the environmental protection via the instruments of substantive criminal law in the Slovak Republic and thus represents a detailed analysis of the current legal regulation contained in the Criminal Code, which concentrates these instruments into 13 criminal merits analysed in part II of the presented article. These instruments can be considered effective with regard to preserving as well as improving the environmental quality — through the punishment of perpetrators of the most serious acts breaching the rules of environmental protection, by which the ideal of criminal justice is achieved (or can be achieved).
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(2); 187-196
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cybercriminals and criminal structures in the world of organized crime
Autorzy:
Jakubiec, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
cybercrime
criminal structures
criminal networks
individual criminal
organized crime
Opis:
In the era of galloping globalization and the world of new information technologies, the vast majority of social life has developed. Unfortunately, along with the global progress of digitization, cybercrime has also developed. Traditional criminal organizations have taken a liking to cyberspace as a place not only to commit crimes, but also to exchange information or ordinary communication, which is more difficult to recognize by law enforcement than that conducted in the real world. The crime of the virtual world has also created a different type of crime, more individual, functioning in a specific network without special personal and hierarchical dependencies. The main determinants of this type of crime that create criminal networks seem to be, for example, illegal Internet markets where goods are exchanged or payments are made for legally prohibited services, or Internet forms where illegal correspondence is conducted. The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of cybercrime and the structures in which cybercriminals operate and find themselves.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2022, 26, 4; 36-39
2543-9103
2543-411X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Theory and Practice in Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Bossowski, Józef Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
criminal law
theory of criminal law
judicial application of criminal law
Opis:
The paper is an English translation of Teoria i praktyka w prawie karnym by Józef Jan Bossowski published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1924. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz Uniersity, Poznań.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 10; 401-412
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal Characteristics of Criminal Offenses Related to Electricity Theft
Autorzy:
Rohalin, Serhii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24866913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
accounting device
means of commercial accounting
criminal offense
criminal trespass
criminal offense tools
Opis:
This article purpose is to review development state of the issue of forensic characterization of criminal offenses, build the general structure of forensic characteristic of electrical energy theft, determine its main constituent elements, divide them into groups, and develop a detailed forensic characteristic of electric energy theft. Validity of the obtained results and conclusions that were based on the analysis of the latest scientific research on issues of violation of regulatory requirements regarding the accounting of electric energy and unaccounted consumption of electric energy, on the results obtained during performance of forensic examinations at the National Scientific Center »Hon. Prof. M.S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute« of the Ministry of the Interior of Ukraine, and also ensured the use of a complex of general scientific and special methods, in particular formal and logical, generalization, comparison. Scientific novelty. In the context of forensic expert provision of evidentiary base in criminal act qualification: electric energy theft, provided for in Article 1881 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, for development of new and supplementing existing methodological recommendations for investigation by employees of pre-trial investigation bodies of criminal offenses; this article elaborates and systematizes data on performing forensic examinations and a detailed forensic description of electric energy theft was compiled that will become the basis for the construction of investigative versions and will contribute to the effective conduct of investigative (search) actions and other investigative measures, as well as quickly. Conclusions. 1. Development state of issue of forensic characteristics of criminal offenses is considered. 2. General structure of forensic characteristics of electric energy theft is built. 3. The main constituent elements of forensic characteristics of electric energy theft are determined. It is proposed to divide constituent elements into groups according to a defining sign; the most significant and auxiliary signs. 4. On the basis of generalizations of data based on the results of forensic examinations and theoretical processing of research results into the issues of unaccounted electric energy consumption, detailed forensic description of electric energy theft has been developed.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 4(40); 188-210
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems surrounding arrest warrants issued by the International Criminal Court: a decade of judicial practice
Autorzy:
Dłubak, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
international law
international criminal law
international criminal justice
International Criminal Court
ICC
arrest warrant
Opis:
Certain aims of international criminal justice, such as prosecution and the punishment of perpetrators of international crimes, can be achieved through the international institutions created to administer justice. However, one of the essential requirements is to ensure the suspect’s presence at trial. The measures provided for in the Rome Statute to facilitate the International Criminal Court in fulfilling this condition and initiating proper proceedings include the issuance of arrest warrants and subsequent requests for arrest and surrender. Although a binding legal obligation exists under the Rome Statute with respect to States Parties, nonetheless inter-state cooperation has proven extremely difficult to obtain. There are many reasons for this, however problems of a legal and political nature are identified as the two main areas of obstacles. There are some measures that can be taken in order to prevent the occurrence of problems relating to arrest warrants. The Office of the Prosecutor and the Pre-Trial Chambers have certain powers that can positively affect the execution of arrest warrants. These organs aim to establish a positive cooperation network, both with the States Parties and non-Party States. By using the powers of external bodies, the ICC may attempt to establish favourable circumstances which would increase the effectiveness of arrest warrants.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 209-237
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environment protection in the legal system of Albania: The current situation in Albania on combating environmental crimes and the new reform directions
Autorzy:
Selimi, Shkëlzen
Zaganjori, Xhezair
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
environment
environmental crime
environmental harm
criminal law
criminal liability
criminal offence
criminal code
environmental consequences
legal protection of environmental in albania
Opis:
The scope of this article is twofold, on one hand; it makes an analysis of the current situation of the environment protection through the criminal law in the Albania, by proving a legal landscape on the current criminal conducts as are foreseen by the Criminal Code of Albania. It starts with an introduction which aims to highlight the status play of the increased attention that is being shown for the environmental protection in the global arena. Then it makes an assessment on the definition of the environmental harm, and the technical-legal approaches utilised for the protection of the environment. After that, this article makes a description of the legal concept of environment in Albania and analyses the existing criminal offences as they are foreseen by the Criminal Code. On the other hand, the article makes a preliminary assessment of the new coming reform on the environmental crime in Albania, by trying to identify the problematic issues and their address by the draft-law. The conclusions reached at the end shows the evolution of the concept of environment and its protection, welcomes the new reform by noting the need of the judicial authorities to be trained in order to be fully implemented.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2016, 14; 28-41
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal analysis – an effective tool for combatting organised economic crime
Autorzy:
Wojtalewicz, Mariusz
Spieichert-Zalewska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-20
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
criminal analysis
economic crimes
criminal organisations
detection process
criminal intelligence
specialist knowledge
expert’s opinion
Opis:
Criminal analysis in law enforcement agencies’ work has been around for many years. Initially, it was used by police offi cers in a nonformalised way, its main purpose being to try to understand and systematise crimes. Attempts to draw conclusions from the collected data contributed to greater effectiveness of the detection process. Nowadays, the need for effi ciency in processing the increasing amount of data, and the far-reaching professionalisation of criminal groups have resulted in the fact that criminal analysis is no longer a cure-all for a lack of thinking, but an indispensable tool in the effective fi ght against crime. Considering the above, the article presents the need for the effective use of criminal analysis in combatting mainly organised crime of an economic nature.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2019, 136(4); 290-305
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crime and Local Community Safety
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45267016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-08
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
security
local communities
crime
criminal phenomenon
criminal threats
victimology
Opis:
Crime is one of the main threats to the security of local communities, the scientifi c exploration of which may contribute to raising the level of this security both at the local level as well as nationwide. The aim of this study was twofold. Firstly, to diagnose the level of security of local communities, including in the context of their members’ residence in the vicinity of a person(s) who they know have served a prison sentence in the past. Secondly, to determine the existence of a relationship between the safety of local communities and the experience of crime, particularly victimisation, among its members. The aim of the research was achieved using the diagnostic survey method. The results of the survey indicate that safety in the surveyed local communities is at a high level, and the main variable differentiating its level is gender. In static terms, the level of women’s security is higher than that men’s, while in processual terms, the tendency is opposite. The results of the study do not indicate a statistically signifi cant relationship between safety and residing in the neighbourhood of a person(s) with a criminal history. In addition, the respondents’ experiences of crime, including their victimisation experiences, do not seem to be important in terms of safety. The processual nature of security and the multitude of factors that shape it indicate the need for a permanent exploration of the research subject and, based on its results, legislative and organisational actions aimed at increasing the level of security of local communities.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 146(2); 349-358
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forms of and the fight against organised crime in Poland before 1990
Autorzy:
Mądrzejowski, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933030.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-21
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
organised crime
criminal groups
assault and robbery
fi nancial fraud
criminal police
investigative service
criminal law
Opis:
The phenomenon of organised crime in Poland is not, contrary to frequently expressed views, characteristic only of the situation that arose after 1990. Considering historical sources, one can refer to well-organised groups of criminals who committed crimes in medieval Poland. Criminal associations characterised by a certain hierarchy and structure threatened the safety of travellers, carried out attacks on villages and were a threat to urban residents. During the partitions, organised criminal structures occurred mainly in the Russian and Austrian partition. In judicial chronicles, there were perpetrators creating bandit groups and strong structures of pickpockets as well as those dealing with various types of economic fraud and extortion. The problem of organised crime intensified after regaining independence in 1918. The inconsistency of the legal system and weak institutions of public order protection created great opportunities for both criminal offences and economic crimes. From the 1920s, large expenditures on the development of modern economic areas (Gdynia, the Central Industrial District) became a temptation for well-organised groups to take advantage of the situation for their own benefit. Within the structures of law protection institutions, no specialised unit for fighting criminal groups was created until 1939. Central and local cells of the investigative service mainly dealt with organised gangs. After the Second World War, the shaping of the criminal environment was first influenced by huge groups of inhabitants displaced from the former Polish eastern borderlands, the general expansion caused by military operations, and ineffective law enforcement agencies. Thus, initially, the most powerful organised groups were those of criminal character. The separation of the Polish economy from open markets and economic imbalance caused the emergence of various organised crime gangs committing economic crimes ranging from smuggling and illegal trade in foreign exchange to large criminal groups at the interface between the socialised and private economy. Within the militia, which was responsible for combatting criminal offences until 1990, no units specialised in the fight against organised crime did not come into their own. As part of their competence, the criminal investigation department, in particular, the fraud squad and investigative service, dealt with organised crime.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2019, 135(3); 97-112
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Commentary to the Supreme Court resolution of 20 september 2018, I KZP 5/18
Autorzy:
Wróbel, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1596768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
employee in criminal law
criminal and legal protection of employee rights
criminal law
employment relationship
Opis:
The Supreme Court, in the ruling which is subject to this commentary, addresses the notion of an employee referred to in Article 218 § 1a of the Criminal Code. The court discussed the issue of the designation and limits of the notion of “employee” and the subject-matter of protection of the provision referred to above along with its scope. The commentator – in this context – analyses the Supreme Court’s thinking. The commentary’s author agrees in most part with the belief that “the scope of Article 218 § 1a CrC covers only persons who are employees within the meaning of Article 2 LC and Article 22 § 1 and § 11 LC”, though he deems it incomplete as one also needs to take into account Article 8(2a) of the act on social insurance, where – with regard to social insurance – the notion of an employee is slightly broader than the one included in the provisions of the Labour Code. The commentator believes it legitimate that the subject-matter of protection of Article 218 § 1a CrC includes all employee rights resulting from an employment or social insurance relationship. The commentator shares the de lege ferenda postulate for the “protection under Article 218 § 1a CrC to include also persons in employment relationships other that a contract of employment” and, which the Court did not address in the discussed resolution, the civil law relationship referred to in Article 8(2a) of the Social Insurance Act.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2019, 27, 3; 205-216
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Patrycja Grzebyk, Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression (Routledge Research in International Law), Routledge, 2013, pp. 394
Autorzy:
Karolina, Wierczyńska
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
book review, International Criminal Court, ICC, agression, criminal responsibility
Opis:
Book review of Patrycja Grzebyk, Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression (Routledge Research in International Law), Routledge, 2013.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 382-285
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obligation to denounce in the context of medical confidentiality
Autorzy:
Mucha, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-20
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
denunciation obligation
medical confi dentiality
medical workers
criminal proceedings
criminal law
Opis:
The subject of the article is the issue of the obligation to notify about a crime in relation to medical confi dentiality. Medical workers may obtain information indicating the commission of a criminal act while performing medical services. An important issue is whether, in such a situation, they can or should notify law enforcement authorities. In order to resolve these issues, the legislator defi nes the legal and social obligation to denounce. The legal obligation of a medical worker to notify about a crime relates to the offences specifi ed in Art. 240 (1) of the Act of June 6, 1997 — Penal Code. Among the enumerated types of generic acts covered by denunciation, particularly important due to the issues raised, are the crime of murder (Article 148 of the Penal Code) and deprivation of liberty (Article 189 of the Penal Code). A medical worker having obtained reliable information about the commission of a criminal act is obliged to notify law enforcement authorities. It is irrelevant whether they learned about it while carrying out professional activities or without a connection with their performance. The criminal sanction for failure to comply with the obligation under Article 240 (1) of the Criminal Code is a prison sentence of up to 3 years. However, the social obligation to denounce is introduced by Art. 304 (1) of the Act of June 6, 1997 — Code of Criminal Procedure. Failure to fulfi l obligations of this nature does not result in any criminal consequences. The social obligation to denounce does not include offences prosecuted on private accusation or on request of the victim. It is worth noting that this obligation does not repeal any of the laws regulating medical secrets. In this case, a medical worker who has learned of a crime in connection with the exercise of their profession has no obligation to denounce. It should be emphasised that a medical worker may fulfi l the obligation to denounce only if the patient or their legal representative has consented to it, or if there are premises for presuming the consent.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2019, 136(4); 167-175
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The crime of assault on a public officer
Autorzy:
Grabowska, Joanna
Kresiński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45261461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-14
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
active assault
public official
Police
crime
criminal law protection
criminal proceedings
Opis:
The aim of the study is to discuss the elements of the assault on a public official, as defined in Article 223 of the Penal Code. This provision is an expression of the criminal-law protection of public officials in Poland understood as all legal provisions specifying criminal sanctions and the rules of their application to perpetrators of prohibited acts under the threat of these sanctions, aimed at protecting public officials against such acts. Article 223 of the Penal Code defines active assault on a public official in the basic type [Article 223(1)] and the aggravated type [Article 223(2)]. Regarding the elements of the crime in question, there are many issues that raise doubts among both legal theorists and practitioners. These include, in particular, the issue of classifying the car as a category of items similarly dangerous as firearms or knives, and the justification for determining the degree of danger of the means of restraint used by the perpetrator. The text also points out that the penalisation of an active attack on a public official does not result from the increased protection of the goods of public officials, but from the need for the legislator to ensure the proper functioning of state mechanisms.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 148(4); 155-166
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Complementary Use of Profiling and Polygraph Method in Slovenia During the Period 1997-2004
Autorzy:
Selič, Polona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/523498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
polygraph and criminal profiling
criminal profiling
polygraph examination in Slovenia
Źródło:
European Polygraph; 2012, 6, 2(20); 103-116
1898-5238
2380-0550
Pojawia się w:
European Polygraph
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal Law and its Victim-Oriented Development: an Academic Inquiry
Autorzy:
Tuliakov, Viacheslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28843238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
criminal law
criminal policy
victim-oriented policy
victimology
human rights
Opis:
In the 21st century, one of the essential roles of the Criminal Code is to protect the rights and interests of crime victims. Criminal law is a complex field that must balance established principles with evolving societal dynamics. This involves various stakeholders, including the state, perpetrators, victims, and civil society, each with differing views on criminal law. The modern era, marked by post-truth narratives and a reputational society, has further complicated matters. Casuistry now prevails over systematic approaches, leading to a disconnect between criminal law’s foundational principles and intended societal outcomes. Contemporary criminal law operates on multiple dimensions, addressing individual, societal, and institutional levels while aiming to balance the interests of these entities. The transition from the “age of information” to the “age of reputation” underscores the importance of information subjected to external evaluation. In the context of harmonizing Ukrainian criminal legislation with EU and Council of Europe norms, it is vital to protect human rights. This aligns with a Committee of Ministers recommendation that recognizes crime as a wrong against society and a violation of individual rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding victim rights. Approaching criminal law from a victimological perspective offers unique insights into victim participation in criminal liability, crime qualification, and offender culpability. This perspective encourages assessing the efficacy of criminal law prohibitions and promoting victim engagement in crime control.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 2, 3; 70-74
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 292

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