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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Simultaneous synthesis-immobilization of nano ZnO on perlite for photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye in semi batch packed bed photoreactor
    Autorzy:
    Khani, A.
    Sohrabi, M.R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778943.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    Natural gas vehicle
    driving range
    compressed natural gas (CNG)
    thermodynamic properties
    CNG fuelling station
    Opis:
    A novel, simple and simultaneous synthesis-immobilization of nano ZnO on perlite (nZnO-P) as a photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Acid orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, initial pH, flow rate, photocatalyst granule size, temperature and the kinetic of the removal of AO7 in terms of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model in a designed semi batch packed bed photoreactor connected to an on-line sampling UV-Vis spectrophotometer was studied. The results showed that AO7 removal efficiency increased with nZnO-P using the designed setup and the proposed photocatalyst was more efficient than TiO2 as a standard catalyst. Our results confirmed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constant, KAO7, the kinetic rate constant of surface reaction, kc, and the activation energy (Ea) were found to be 0.57 (mg.l-1)-1, 0.41 mg.l-1.min-1 and 11.44 kJ/mol, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2012, 14, 4; 69-76
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of important parameters on the natural gas vehicles driving range
    Autorzy:
    Farzaneh-Gord, M.
    Rahbari, H.R.
    Nikofard, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778945.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    Natural gas vehicle
    driving range
    compressed natural gas (CNG)
    thermodynamic properties
    CNG fuelling station
    Opis:
    One of the most important issues regarding Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) is the Driving Range, chich is defi ned as capability of a NGV to travel a certain distance after each refueling. The Driving Range is a serious obstacle in the development and growth of NGVs. Thus the necessity of studying the effects of various parameters on the Driving Range could be realized. It is found that the on-board storage capacity and the natural gas heating value have the greatest effect on the Driving Range. The charge mass of NGV cylinders is varied due to the natural gas composition and the fi nal in-cylinder values (temperature and pressure). Underfi lling of NGV cylinders, during charging operations, is a result of the elevated temperature which occurs in the NGV storage cylinder, due to compression and Rother processes could be overcome by applying extensive over-pressurization of the cylinder during the fuelling operation. Here, the effects of the most important parameters on the Driving Range have been investigated. The parameters are natural gas composition, engine effi ciency and fi nal NGV on-board in-cylinder temperature and pressure. It is found that, the composition has big effects on the Driving Range. The results also show that as fi nal in-cylinder pressure decreases (or temperature increases), the Driving Range will be increased.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2012, 14, 4; 61-68
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of performances of a dual-fuel turbocharged compression ignition engine
    Autorzy:
    Różycki, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247435.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    dual fuel compression ignition engine
    knock
    engine head vibration amplitude
    compressed natural gas (CNG)
    common rail
    Opis:
    The paper describes research work on a full-scale dual-fuel 4-cylinder turbocharged compression ignition engine. Compressed natural gas (CNG) was applied as the main fuel. Selfignition of the air-fuel mixture was initiated from a diesel oil dose injected by a common rail system. The research was aimed to establish maximum CNG share in the mixture delivered into the cylinder. An excessive CNG share may result in "hard" engine operation. It may also lead to the occurrence of vibrations of piston-crank construction parts resulting in failure of this mechanism. These vibrations may originate from knocking combustion (selfignition of the air-fuel mixture in the zone of non-combusted mixture) or vibration excitation as a result of rapid pressure rise after selfignition. Boundary values of the CNG energy share were determined by analysing parameters related to the rate of pressure rise and rate of heat release as well as the engine head vibration amplitude represented by the voltage signal generated by the knock sensor. Boundary values of the above mentioned parameters were determined on the basis of measurements done on the engine fuelled in a standard mode. These parameters were registered at operating points corresponding to the maximum power and load. Then, there were done measurements of basic engine operating parameters at dual fuelling in chosen points of the load characteristic for the engine speed at which the engine fuelled in a standard mode had maximum torque. Load characteristics were done for three various diesel oil doses (constant over the whole range of engine load). Load changes were realized by changes ofCNG energy share in the fuel charge. Analysis of combustion process parameters and engine head vibrations showed that CNG energy share may reach 60%. Maximum torque is possible to obtain at 45% CNG energy share. 15% decrease of maximum torque was obtained.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 393-399
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    CNG - a new way of maritime natural gas supplies
    CNG - nowy sposób morskich dostaw gazu ziemnego
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowicki, J.
    Lelonek, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819563.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    gaz ziemny
    CNG
    transport morski
    natural gas
    compressed natural gas
    Opis:
    Among other conventional energy sources, on the present level of technology development, natural gas is a primary energy source, which has the lowest level of harmful substances emission both for humans and the environment. Comparing to coal - in the burning process of the natural gas there is a very low emission of pollutants: trace amounts of sulphur and carbon dioxide, which established natural gas' position as an environmentally friendly fuel. CO2 emission expressed in CO2 kg/kWh of fuel during burning process of lignite amounts to 0.40; of hard coal - 0.33; of heavy fuel oil - 0.28; of light fuel oil - 0.26 and 0.20 of gas. The use of natural gas as a fuel instead of other kinds of fossil fuels, e.g.: coal, results in decreasing harmful substances emission. Therefore, CO2 emission or sulphur dioxide emission is much smaller. What's more, lower CO2 emission means decreasing the greenhouse effect and lower sulphur dioxide emission reduces the amount of acid rains. Natural gas system is different than networks, such as water supply, heat or electricity in such way that, in Poland it is necessary to acquire most of the distributed medium from the sources located outside Polish borders.
    Zastosowanie gazu ziemnego jako paliwa w miejsce innych rodzajów paliw kopalnych, takich jak, np. węgiel, przynosi efekt w postaci ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych substancji do atmosfery. Zmniejszeniu ulega bowiem, między innymi, emisja dwutlenku węgla, dwutlenku siarki. Zmniejszanie wielkości emisji dwutlenku węgla do atmosfery wpływa na obniżenie skali zjawiska cieplarnianego. Natomiast zmniejszenie emisji dwutlenku siarki skutkuje redukcją ilości kwaśnych deszczy Podstawowym problemem zaopatrzenia w gaz ziemny odbiorców w Polsce jest to, że zasoby tego surowca energetycznego zlokalizowane na terenie naszego kraju nie są w stanie zaspokoić istniejących zapotrzebowań. Koniczne jest więc importowanie gazu ziemnego. Dostawy gazu ziemnego, w zależności od dostępnej infrastruktury gazowej, wielkości danego rynku zbytu, odległości od źródła gazu oraz innych uwarunkowań, mogą być realizowane z wykorzystaniem rurociągów (gazociągów) lub też drogą morską (statki dostarczające LNG z ang. Liquefied Natural Gas, statki dostarczające CNG z ang. Compressed Natural Gas). Podstawową zaletą łańcucha dostaw CNG są stosunkowo niewielkie nakłady związane z infrastrukturą załadunkową i rozładunkową. Niemniej największym nakładem kapitałowym jest flota statków CNG (około 80%). Inne elementy łańcucha dostaw związane z wydobyciem i obróbką gazu ziemnego jak również z rozprowadzeniem gazu do odbiorców końcowych gazociągami są tożsame z innymi sposobami dostaw gazu ziemnego. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd proponowanych rozwiązań umożliwiających transport morski gazu ziemnego w postaci CNG. Przedstawione rozwiązania to w chwili obecnej koncepcje, a załączone rysunki statków przedstawiają możliwy wygląd statków CNG z zastosowaniem różnych technologii.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, Tom 13; 137-148
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prospects of Decarbonizing Industrial Areas in the Baltic States by Means of Alternative Fuels
    Autorzy:
    Mezulis, Ansis
    Kleperis, Janis
    Lesnicenoks, Peteris
    Zemite, Laila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173276.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    alternative fuel
    biofuel
    CNG
    compressed natural gas
    bio-CNG
    HCNG
    GHG emission
    greenhouse gas emission
    Opis:
    All three Baltic States have reached good figures regarding the change in total greenhouse gas emissions from transport during 1990-2017. Particularly successful is Lithuania, showing a negative value of -2.7%. Latvia considerably lags behind Estonia (+15.1% vs. +1.5%). Amid the achievement of Latvian scientists, engineers and merchants, the authors point out the work of Lithuanian engineers who investigated how gaseous hydrogen affects the parameters of diesel internal combustion engine. Important to note that in the Baltic States, the activities of inland waterway vessels and the shunting locomotives are concentrated in only a few main cities. Regarding that, Baltic scientists and environment specialists nowadays are developing plans also for local air pollution decreasing, which can be carried out in particular cities or industrial areas, thereby allowing for improvements in air cleanliness and the ecological situation in concerned local area. A numerical estimation shows that applying the NYSMART technology, introduced in this paper, will make areas of active action of the high-volume diesels cleaner in the same amount as gained by photosynthesis of the urban green flora. In recent years, the developed technology of hydraulic piston compression allows producing numerous different vehicle fueling appliances for the CNG/bio-CNG fuel. The further development of this technology means the producing of various solutions, applicable at biogas/biomethane production sites, for CNG/bio-CNG compression, transportation and fast natural gas vehicles refueling in a cost effective and convenient way. The hydraulic piston compression and NYSMART have a potential in small and medium-scale technologies and therefore need to be developed further for applications with hydrogen. Production of biomethane and green hydrogen is delayed by the lack of state aid programmes in the Baltic States. Lithuania is on the way to change the situation in the coming years, with one of the first biomethane gas production plants due to be built near Panevėžys, in Šilagalys near the Via Baltica motorway. Summing up all aspects, the preconditions for the use of alternative fuels in the Baltic States are similar, allowing one to learn from other’s experience and to consider joint projects.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 8; 152--161
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Development of new technologies for shipping natural gas by sea
    Autorzy:
    Bortnowska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258788.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    natural gas
    liquified gas
    CNG carriers
    compressed gas
    NGH carriers
    gas hydrate
    operational cost of gas transport
    Opis:
    In recent years dynamic increase of orders for ships intended for liquified natural gas (LNG) shipping has been observed with simultaneous trend of increasing their transport capability. This results from the fact that natural gas has become today the third energy source worldwide just next to crude oil and coal. The fast growth of demand for natural gas and its limited resources would cause growth of its price, therefore better solutions of natural gas transport technology with respect to economy, ecology and safety should be searched for. This paper presents various technologies for natural gas transport by sea with special attention paid to some alternative methods of transport, namely: CNG and NGH ransport technologies in contrast to LNG one.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2009, 3; 70-78
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimizing Natural Gas Fueling Station Reservoirs Pressure Based on Ideal Gas Model
    Autorzy:
    Farzaneh-Gord, M.
    Deymi-Dashtebayaz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779242.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    compressed natural gas
    CNG cylinder
    fast filling process
    Cascade Reservoirs
    thermodynamic analysis
    entropy generation
    Opis:
    At CNG fuelling station, natural gas is usually stored in a cascade storage system to utilize the station more efficient. The cascade storage system is generally divided into three reservoirs, commonly termed low, medium and high-pressure reservoirs. The pressures within these three reservoirs have huge effects on the performance of a CNG fuelling station and a fast filling process of natural gas vehicle’s (NGV) cylinder. A theoretical analysis is developed to study the effects of the reservoirs pressures and temperatures on the performance of the CNG station. The analysis is based on the first and the second law of thermodynamics, conservation of mass and ideal gas assumptions. The results show that as the reservoir temperature decreases, the fill ratio increases and the pressure within the filling station reservoirs has no effects on the fill ratio. The non-dimensional entropy generation and filling time profiles have opposite trends and as entropy generation decreases, the filling time increases. The optimized non-dimensional low and medium pressure-reservoir pressures are found to be as 0.24 and 0.58 respectively in thermodynamic point of view.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2013, 15, 1; 88-96
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Feasibility study for the pilot biomethane refueling station for city buses in Rzeszow
    Studium wykonalności pilotażowej stacji tankowania autobusów komunikacji miejskiej biometanem w Rzeszowie
    Autorzy:
    Gis, W.
    Rudkowski, M.
    Żółtowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973152.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    compressed natural gas
    CNG
    biomethane
    refueling station
    city buses
    Rzeszów
    sprężony gaz ziemny
    biometan
    stacja tankowania
    autobusy miejskie
    Opis:
    The subject of the article is to analyze the possibilities and conditions required to be fulfilled for the introduction of biomethane as a fuel to power city buses in Rzeszow. There will be examined various aspects of the prospects and opportunities for the delivery of biomethane for transport buses in the city, including the necessary costs associated with the production and distribution of the fuel. The environmental benefits associated with the use of biomethane will also will be presented, there will be determined the scale and technical capabilities for the delivery of biomethane for city transport in Rzeszow.
    Przedmiotem zgłoszonego artykułu jest analiza możliwości i uwarunkowań koniecznych do spełnienia dla wprowadzenia biometanu jako paliwa do zasilania autobusów miejskich w Rzeszowie. Przeanalizowane zostaną różne aspekty związane z perspektywami i możliwościami dostarczania biometanu dla autobusów komunikacji miejskiej w tym mieście wraz z niezbędnymi kosztami związanymi z produkcją i dystrybucją tego paliwa. Korzyści dla środowiska związane ze stosowaniem biometanu zostaną również zaprezentowane, określona skala i techniczne możliwości dostaw biometanu dla potrzeb transportu miejskiego w Rzeszowie.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 581-586
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies of energy use by electric buses in SORT tests
    Autorzy:
    Gis, W.
    Kruczyński, S.
    Taubert, S.
    Wierzejski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134001.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    electric
    diesel
    compressed natural gas
    CNG
    buses
    standardised on-road test
    SORT test
    silnik elektryczny
    gaz naturalny
    autobusy
    badania drogowe
    Opis:
    In article the market for electric buses in the world and in Poland have been discussed. The test methods for energy consumption of city buses in Poland and the appropriate measuring devices have been presented. The article presents the results of the energy consumption of the city bus in the test SORT 2. The results obtained were referred to results in the case other electric and conventional buses.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 135-138
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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