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Tytuł:
Entstehung und Geschichte der Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung im deutschen Recht
Autorzy:
Peglow, Kerstin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
GmbH, commercial law, limited liability company, joint stock company
Opis:
The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung – GmbH – is a widespread company form, known all over the world, which was adopted in 1892 by the German legislator. Its historical origins were essentially favored by important economic growth during the second half of the 19th- century. Smaller and medium-sized enterprises should be able to choose the legal form of the Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung in order to participate in a more convenient and easily accessible way in the country’s economic growth. This purpose could not be achieved by the highly regulated Aktiengesellschaft (public limited company) which was dedicated to large companies and was therefore too expensive and too complicated for smaller entities. Partnerships like, for instance, the Offene Handelsgesellschaft (general partnership) had the disadvantage that all partners were liable without restrictions to its creditors. The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung was thought to cover the gap between corporations and partnerships. Despite some weaknesses, the Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung subsequently became a real model of success. Over the years, the Act on the GmbH was subject to constant reforms through practice and legislation, because it was necessary to take into account economic requirements and to counter maladministration in application of the GmbH Law. More recently, European legal standards had a further significant influence on the Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung. Since its creation, the GmbH has played a key role in German legal and economic life. It does exist in many diverse forms and has been for a long time the most popular form of company in Germany.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 205-223
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
S24 system and its development as an innovation in business
Autorzy:
Kaczorowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/325228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
electronic registration
S24 system
commercial law company
innovations in business
rejestracja elektroniczna
system S24
spółka prawa handlowego
innowacje w biznesie
Opis:
This article describes the system used for electronic registration of companies, called “S24”, as a development in business. The article presents reasons behind the creation of said system, its legal basis, development and impact, especially in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper also describes some of the difficulties encountered when using the system.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2019, 134; 72-81
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corporate enterprises in Albania and Macedonia in comparative law
Autorzy:
Papajorgji, Endri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Corporate enterprises; Commercial Law; Private law; limited liability company; joint stock company
Opis:
Transformation is a process closely connected with reforms in the property-rights regime, but retransfering the ownership has been the core of this process in all post communist countries. The objective of this article is to analyse the drafting of commercial legislation in Albania and Macedonia and in which way corporate enterprises were affected from the structure of economic organizations during socialism.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2014, 10; 20-29
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Issue of The Ultra Vires Principle in Turkish Company Law: Has It Been Abolished or Just Hidden?
Autorzy:
Yasan, Mustafa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
zasada ultra vires
turecki kodeks handlowy
tureckie prawo spółek
zdolność prawna
spółki handlowe
Ultra vires principle
Turkish Code of Commerce
Turkish Company Law
Capacity to have rights and obligations
Commercial companies
Opis:
The Turkish Code of Commerce (TCC) numbered 6102 contains numerous radical regulations as reforms in the Turkish company law. One of these provisions is the TCC A.125 which regulates the capacity of commercial companies to have rights and obligations. This article deals with the ultra vires principle which was transferred to the Continental European law system, including the Turkish legislation from the UK law system. The ultra vires principle had previously expired in the continental European legal system (in particular the Swiss Code of Obligations) which has inspired the TCC as a referring codification. As a result of these developments by the TCC A.125, in contrast to the ultra vires principle, commercial companies are allowed to be entitled and liable for all kinds of matters, except those which are human-specific. For this reason, companies’ legal personalities may have the capacity to have rights and obligations in matters other than their fields of operation. In other words, thanks to the TCC A.135, the ultra vires principle has been abandoned. It can be assumed that harmonization between the TCC and the EU directives has been achieved in the sense of abolishing the ultra vires principle. However, when several provisions randomly scattered in the TCC are taken into consideration, it is obviously seen that the legislator still accepts the field of operation issue as a criterion in about 20 articles. This leads to a question about the actual abolishment of the ultra vires principle. To put it briefly, the legislator’s choice in the new company law regime shows that the TCC has not abandoned the ultra vires principle completely, but it still retains its validity in a hidden way by only changing its form and scope.
Turecki kodeks handlowy (TCC) oznaczony numerem 6102 zawiera szereg radykalnych rozwiązań przewidzianych jako reformy tureckiego prawa spółek. Jednym z takich przepisów jest art. 125 TCC, który odnosi się do zdolności prawnej spółek handlowych. Artykuł ten porusza kwestię zasady ultra vires, która została inkorporowana do europejskiego kontynentalnego systemu prawnego, włączając turecki system prawny z porządku prawnego Zjednoczonego Królestwa. Jednakże zasada ta z czasem została uznana za wygasłą w ramach europejskiego kontynentalnego systemu prawnego (w szczególności w szwajcarskim kodeksie zobowiązań), co z kolei zainspirowało ustawodawcę tureckiego do zmian w kodyfikacji. Wynikiem tych działań, na podstawie art. 125 TCC, sprzecznie z zasadą ultra vires, spółki handlowe mają zdolność do bycia podmiotem praw i obowiązków w szerokim zakresie, z wyłączeniem kwestii zarezerwowanych wyłącznie dla osób fizycznych. Z tego powodu w ramach osobowości prawnej przedsiębiorstw mogą one być uzdolnione do bycia podmiotem praw i obowiązków w sprawach wykraczających poza ich własny zakres działalności. Innymi słowy, za sprawą art. 125 TCC koncepcja stosowania zasady ultra vires została porzucona. Można zatem dojść do konkluzji, że dostosowanie TCC do dyrektyw Unii Europejskiej w kwestii zniesienia zasady ultra vires zostało osiągnięte. Jednak biorąc pod uwagę szereg przepisów z różnych części Kodeksu, widoczne staje się, że ustawodawca wciąż uznaje przesłankę zakresu prowadzonej działalności jako warunek w ok. 20 przepisach prawnych. To z kolei prowadzi do pytania o rzeczywiste wyłączenie zasady ultra vires. Konkludując, należy stwierdzić, że wprowadzony przez ustawodawcę nowy reżim prawa handlowego jasno wskazuje, że Kodeks handlowy nie wyłączył zasady ultra vires w całości, a utrzymując jej stosowanie w sposób ukryty, jedynie zmienił jej zakres.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2020, 2; 359-375
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Reformation of Turkish Commercial Law within the Process of European Union Candidacy
Autorzy:
Yasan, Mustafa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Turkish commercial law, Turkish Code of Commerce, Turkey EU relations, Turkish company law.
Abuzer Kendigelen, 2016, Türk Ticaret Kanunu Değişiklikler, Yenilikler ve İlk Tespitler, 3. Baskı, İstanbul, Oniki Levha Yayınları. Ali Bozer / Celal Göle, 2018, Kıymetli Evrak Hukuku, 8. Baskı, Ankara, Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları. Ali Bozer / Celal Göle, 2018, Ticari İşletme Hukuku, 5. Baskı, Ankara, Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları. Alihan Aydın, 2012, Ticari İşletme Kavramı, Unsurları ve Hukuki İşlemlere Konu Olması, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Ticari İşletme Hukuku Alanında Getirdiği Yenilikler, p.9-21, İstanbul. Arslan Kaya, 2012, Acentelik ile İlgili Yenilikler, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Ticari İşletme Hukuku Alanında Getirdiği Yenilikler, p.53-71, İstanbul. Burak Sertoğlu, 2019, Ticari İşletme Devri, Ankara, Seçkin Yayınevi. Enver Bozkurt / Arif Köktaş, Avrupa Birliği Hukuku, 2018, 7. Baskı, Ankara, Legem Yayıncılık. Erdoğan Moroğlu, 2012, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu, Değerlendirmeler ve Öneriler, 7. Baskı, İstanbul, Oniki levha Yayınları. Hamdi Yasaman, 2012, Haksız Rekabet, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Ticari İşletme Hukuku Alanında Getirdiği Yenilikler, p.33-46, İstanbul. Hikmet Sami Türk, 2005, Tasarı Hakkında Genel Değerlendirme, Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı, Konferans, p.17-41, Ankara. Mehmet Bahtiyar, 2013, Kıymetli Evrak Hukuku, 11. Bası, İstanbul, Beta Yayınevi. Mehmet Bahtiyar, 2019, Ortaklıklar Hukuku, 13. Bası, İstanbul, Beta Yayınevi. Mehmet Emin Bilge, 1999, Ticaret Sicili, İstanbul, Beta Yayınevi. Mehmet Fatih Arıcı, 2008, Ticari İşletmenin Aktif ve Pasifi ile Devri, İstanbul, Vedat Kitapçılık. Mustafa Çeker, 2013, Ticaret Hukuku, 6. Baskı, Adana, Karahan Kitapevi. Oğuz İmregün, 1996, Kara Ticaret Hukuku Dersleri, 11. Baskı, İstanbul, Filiz Kitapevi. Oruç Hami Şener, 2016, Ticari İşletme Hukuku, Ankara, Seçkin Yayınevi. Oruç Hami Şener, 2017, Limited Ortaklıklar, Ankara, Seçkin Yayınevi. Rıza Ayhan / Mehmet Özdamar / Hayrettin Çağlar, 2012, Ticari İşletme Hukuku, 5. Bası, Ankara, Yetkin Yayınevi. Sıtkı Anlam Altay, 2012, Ticari Kayıtlar ve Defterlerin Tutulmasına İlişkin Hukuki Esaslar ve İsbat Sorunu, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Ticari İşletme Hukuku Alanında Getirdiği Yenilikler, p.100-111, İstanbul. Şükrü Yıldız, 2012, Gerçek Kişilerde Tacir Sıfatının Kazanılması, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Ticari İşletme Hukuku Alanında Getirdiği Yenilikler, p.21-33, İstanbul. Şükrü Yıldız, 2007, Limited Şirketler Hukuku, İstanbul, Arıkan Kitapevi. Tolga Ayoğlu, 2012, Bağlı ve Bağımsız Tacir Yardımcıları, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Ticari İşletme Hukuku Alanında Getirdiği Yenilikler, p.46-53, İstanbul. Ünal Tekinalp, 2005, Tasarının Takdimi, Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı, Konferans, p.7-17, Ankara. Veliye Yanlı, 2012, Ticaret Sicili, Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun Ticari İşletme Hukuku Alanında Getirdiği Yenilikler, p.89-100, İstanbul.
Opis:
The relationship between Turkey and the European Union began in 1959 with Turkey's application for membership. This relationship has survived to this day and in this process negotiations for membership have been frozen. This process contributed directly to Turkish law. This contribution has become more significant, especially since 1999. Turkish Code of Commerce entered into force in 2012, is recognized as a result of Turkey's EU process. By this Code, it is aimed to ensure harmonization between Turkish Commercial Law and EU legislation. For this reason, regulations in the sense of reform were included in TCC. However, the Code has been amended for a total of eighteen times. Sixteen times after the coming into force, two times even before coming into force. More than three hundred articles have been directly affected by these changes. The principles foreseen in the Code have been abandoned because of adopting a populist approach. This situation is accepted as a failure and disappointment for the TCC codification experience.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 40, 1; 25-43
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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