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Tytuł:
An Excess or Deficiency of Legal Regulations of the Specific Part of Commercial Agreements Law in the Civil Code?
Autorzy:
Bielski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1965393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
commercial law
commercial activities
commercial contracts
Opis:
One of the consequences of the post-1989 significant legislative activity of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland is the fact that legal acts that play a special role in the legal system (codes) are also subject to numerous amendments. What is the influence of such amendments on the cohesion and transparency of the legal regulations included in these codes? Was the intention to fulfil the demands of the business trading of the time, undoubtedly deserving of approval, by modernising the existing regulations, introducing new ones, and – potentially – abandoning those whose practical significance and application is currently marginal in the context of the discussed matter an essential motive for undertaking many legislative changes applied to the Civil Code regarding the legal regulations of economic relations – including in particular the legal regulations of the specific part of commercial contracts law – after the transformation of the socio-economic system in the years 1989–1990? Is it therefore possible to say with respect to the present shape of the specific part of commercial contracts law in the Civil Code that this is in an optimal state? Or perhaps there is an excessive or insufficient number of legal regulations in this matter? Are there any draft amendments to the said area of legal regulations? What directions do they follow? The subject matter of this paper is to search for answers to the questions asked above.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 2; 155-168
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quasi-film commercials. Analysis of selected car manufacturer campaigns
Autorzy:
Barczyk-Sitkowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/650182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
commercial
film
quasi-film
commercial series
spot
Opis:
When seeking original forms of expression, contemporary commercials often reach for the achievements of film making. That is reflected in references to the conventions of certain film genres, and the references to particular films. The goal of the article was to present selected examples of the relationships between commercials and film, which can be found in car manufacturer advertising campaigns (Toyota, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz). The analysis of the gathered study material enabled me to identify two forms of quasi-film commercials: a TV spot and a short film.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2017, 43, 5
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
MORALITY AS A CRITERION FOR A CLAUSE OF GOOD PRACTICES IN THE LIGHT OF SELECTED ACTS OF POLISH COMMERCIAL LAW
Autorzy:
Bider, Marcin
Interlandi, Roberto
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
competition
ethics
commercial honesty
commercial freedom
rules of social symbiosis
Opis:
This article employing historical-legal methods presents the relationship between an extra-legal axiology and the norms of commercial law. The standard of morality is presented among several criteria of the good practices clause. Axiological pluralism demands that the criterion of morality be recognized in the light of constitutional values. Freedom of economic trade is a basic value that can only be restricted by law. At the same time, legal norms require justification through the system of moral norms. Non-legal norms incorporated into the system of commercial law make trade more flexible and allow a judge to resolve conflicts in economic trade.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach; 2019, 50, 123; 73-80
2082-5501
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Excess or Deficiency of Regulations of the Commercial Activities Law in the Civil Code?
Autorzy:
Bielski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
commercial contracts law
deficiency of legal regulations
commercial activities law
Opis:
The author of the paper understands the term of “excess of legal regulations” as the situation of imposition of regulations governing a specific institution of the com-mercial activities law under the Civil Code, which are fully or partially obsolete from the point of view of the needs of contemporary business trading. The term of “deficiency of legal regulations”, in turn, is to denote a complete lack of a regula-tion of a specific institution of the commercial activities law as may be desired in the domain of contemporary business trading, or the existence of such a regulation but in a form that is limited, incapable of addressing the needs and challenges of the said domain. When it comes to the legal regulations of the commercial activi-ties law, the author argues that it is hard to regard the current legal situation in Poland as successfully fulfilling the requirements of a coherent legal system and of the legislative technique principles that are applied therein. In the text, the author provides a detailed explanation of why commercial activities governed by the Civil Code suffer from a substantial deficiency of legal regulations in the scope in question.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 4; 21-32
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Right to a Firm and Its Protection
Autorzy:
Skubisz, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43446398.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
protection of property
company
law
company law
commercial law
business activity
firm
enterprise
Commercial Code
commercial register
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1992, 1-4(93-96); 15-23
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of commercial prospects for innovative product machine building enterprises
Autorzy:
Melnyk, O.
Syrotynska, S.
Didyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411387.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
innovation
commercial prospects
rating
Opis:
Forecasting of successful implementation of innovative product is the crucial element of decision making process. The purpose of forecasting innovative product realization is to define probable commercial level according to consumer demand. This article highlights the necessity of evaluating the commercial prospects for innovative products. It reviews the most popular methods of assessment of commercial prospects of the innovative products and reveal main drawback of them. The results show, that approaches to commercial prospects assessment for innovative products enables enterprises to go beyond the solely understanding of customer needs, thus enabling them to develop new way of. The authors argue for the improving procedure to assess the commercial prospects through innovative product rating Rankings innovative ideas. It is based on the following criteria’s: level of product uniqueness, level of satisfaction of the consumers’ hidden needs, value of the market segment, expected life cycle, products price, quality level, products design, service, amount of marketing costs, expected rate of innovation profitability. The proposed rating method of assessment of innovative products commercial perspectives would enable engineering enterprises to determine the most successful innovative ideas and to timely reject the ideas predestined to fail. Obtained results due to ranking also help enterprises to overcome barriers, associated with innovation commercialization. At the same time this method can be a start point for marketing innovation.
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2016, 5, 1; 51-55
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenges of Nigeria as a Preferable Seat of International Commercial Arbitration
Autorzy:
Aje-Famuyide, Olufunke
Akano, Nimisore
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Arbitration
Seats
International
Commercial
Challenges
Opis:
Arbitration has over the years gained prominence as a preferred method for dispute resolution especially for cross-border commercial disputes. One of the reasons is that the parties want to resolve their dispute in privacy and obtain an enforceable award as soon as possible. The choice of the arbitral seat during the negotiation of any international commercial arbitration agreement is perhaps one of the most overlooked influential aspects over the course of the arbitral procedures. The importance of a wise choice of an arbitral seat generally has two aspects, one of logistical convenience and the other is of a legal effect. For reason of the crucial legal effects of the place of arbitration, the parties have to be sure that they have chosen the best suitable jurisdiction as the seat of arbitration. The article will further analyse the concept of the seat of arbitration, its role, and importance in international commercial arbitration. It will also examine by reviewing the drawbacks of Nigeria as a preferred seat of international arbitration, particularly on the arbitration legislation and the respective judicial supervision and support in effectively conducting arbitration within the jurisdiction.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2021, 18; 11-32
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical research on the functions of audiovisual advertising from the perspective of recipients - students of the Journalism and Social Communication Faculty at the University of Łódź
Autorzy:
Barczyk-Sitkowska, Agnieszka
Krzekotowski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/470928.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
commercial
TV spot
function
advertainment
Opis:
In current research on the subject, three dominant functions of advertising can be pointed out. These are: to inform, to persuade or to remind a recipient about the product. However, watching modern commercials in the media evokes a question about this typology being sufficient enough to cover the full spectrum of the commercial industry. The main goal of the article is to test the attitudes towards commercials in students in their junior year of the Journalism and Social Communication degree at the University of Łodź. This probe is exceptionally valuable, since many of these people in years to come will become involved in creating this type of broadcast by graduating with a “Advertising, Design and Visual Communication” major at our university. The experiment has been divided into three tiers, showing different types of TV spots in two of them. Doing this has enabled us to answer the question if watching these types of broadcasts can influence the attitude towards commercials and its functions on viewers.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2019, 12, 1/22; 44-61
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Distinctive Characteristics of Commercial and Investment Arbitration Proceedings: Lex multiplex, universa curiositas, ius unum?
Autorzy:
Czech, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-07-26
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
commercial arbitration
evidence
investment arbitration
Opis:
The thrust of this article is to examine a contemporary international arbitration process in commercial and investment cases, specifically the interplay of common law and civil law elements in the taking of evidence. It begins with a survey of the provisions of the most popular international arbitration instruments, including international arbitration rules and IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration. Following the discussion of some relevant examples of international arbitration instruments, the author tries to answer the question whether these instruments, in their current form, support the popular thesis that the international arbitration process has become largely harmonized. In trying to verify this thesis, the article also goes beyond the text of international arbitration instruments and considers the influence of the cultural biases of international arbitration actors.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2015, 35; 293-324
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Modernisation (Europeanisation) Process of the Turkish Commercial Law from 1850 to the Present
Autorzy:
Yasan, Mustafa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Turkish commercial law
Turkish law reform
Ottoman commercial law
Ernst Hirsch
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Opis:
The modernisation of Turkish commercial law is a process which has been continuing for 170 years and constitutes an important part of the modernisation process of the Turkish law system. The modernisation process of the Turkish commercial law which started in 1850 by Kanunname-i Ticaret (Codex of Commerce) has continued after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, by Code of Commerce numbered 865 in 1926, Turkish Code of Commerce numbered 6762 in 1956, and lastly Turkish Code of Commerce numbered 6102 in 2011. This long process has just one clear purpose: modernisation. Although this process can only be perceived as being Westernised or Europeanised, this perception is incorrect. In fact, at the core of this process, the aim is to rise to the level of developed civilisations and to adapt to the developed modern legal systems.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 271-283
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Condition of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during the first 3 months of the pandemic in Poland
Autorzy:
Korzeb, Zbigniew
Niedziółka, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2046418.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
COVID-19
commercial banks
WSE
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to assess the condition of commercial banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange after the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The consolidated results for Q1 and Q2 2020 were used focusing on selected evaluation areas such as: capital adequacy, profitability, liquidity, credit portfolio quality as well as operational efficiency. The authors concluded that as a result of the credit crunch and the retention of previously earned profits, almost every medium (except for mBank SA) and every large bank experienced an increase in capital adequacy ratios. Moreover, the profitability of the banking sector eroded in each group of banks, with the rule that ROE is higher in the group of medium and large banks compared to the small ones. With the exception of Idea Bank SA all banks during the pandemic experienced an improvement in liquidity ratios. There was reported an increase in the cost of risk, with the greatest augmentation in small banks. It is maintained that the larger the bank the lower cost of risk. In almost every institution, the risk is mitigated by an increase in the degree of coverage by provisions for impaired receivables. In small banks there was noticed a deterioration in operational efficiency. In medium and large banks, despite a sharp drop in profits and additional costs associated with the pandemic, the process of efficiency improvement was reinforced.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2020, 2(14); 5-20
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unity of civil law and the legal regulation of commercial companies – selected issues
Autorzy:
Tarska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
unity of civil law
commercial companies
Opis:
The introduction of the principle unity of civil law into the Polish civil law with the entry into force of the Civil Code in 1965 did not involve ensuring internal consistency of normative acts forming the core of civil law, i.e.: the Civil Code, regulations regarding commercial companies contained in the 1934 Commercial Code, the Family and Guardianship Code, and the law on land and mortgage registers. The Code of Commercial Companies of 2000, to some extent, but not completely, pursued the postulate of ensuring the consistency of the provisions of the Civil Code and the law of commercial companies. In the legal literature, attention is paid increasingly to the necessity to complete the process of adjusting the Commercial Companies Code to the Civil Code as well as the introduction of relevant modifications and corrections to the Commercial Companies Code ensuring the necessary coherence of the legal regulations of these codes. In the first place, this is required by the following issues: Firstly, concerning the nature, manner and scope of applying the freedom of contract principle in the area of legal regulation of commercial companies. Secondly, the relation between the provisions of the Civil Code concerning acts in law, in particular contracts, and articles of association in commercial companies as well as the so called invalidity of articles of association (Article 21 CCC). Thirdly, the issues concerning the concept of an act in law and resolutions of a capital company body, invalidity of an act in law and challengeability of a resolution of the general meeting or of the general assembly of a capital company, as well as the explanation of the so called non-existent resolutions. Fourthly, the legal and financial status of the spouses where at least one of them is a participant in a commercial company. Fifthly, synchronization of the provisions of the Act on the National Court Register concerning registration procedure with structural provisions of the Commercial Companies Code concerning the functioning of commercial companies. The application of adequate provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure is to be considered in this respect.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2019, 27, 3; 189-203
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomass estimates of commercial fishes in the South Georgia region (by "swept area" method)
Autorzy:
Mucha, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057457.pdf
Data publikacji:
1984
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Antarctic
South Georgia
commercial fishes estimates
Źródło:
Polish Polar Research; 1984, 5, 1-2; 107-111
0138-0338
2081-8262
Pojawia się w:
Polish Polar Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A survey of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone content in commercial dry foods for growing dogs
Charakterystyka rynkowego segmentu suchych karm pełnoporcjowych dla psów pod względem poziomu deoksyniwalenolu i zearalenonu
Autorzy:
Holda, K.
Glogowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
deoxynivalenol
zearalenone
mycotoxin
commercial food
dry food
feed
commercial feed
growing animal
dog
health risk
Opis:
A survey of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone content in commercial dry foods for growing dogs. The Polish market of commercial dry dog food for growing dogs of small breeds was surveyed for the presence of DON and ZEN with its metabolites α- and β-zearalenol (α-, β-ZOL). LC/ /MS method was applied for 6 randomly selected foods. The low levels of toxins found, gives overall picture of the safe segment of the market. The content of masked α-zearalenol, however, from the perspective of long term consumption of small amounts may pose a health risk for the reproductive system of bitches.
Charakterystyka rynkowego segmentu suchych karm pełnoporcjowych dla psów pod względem poziomu deoksyniwalenolu i zearalenonu. W reprezentatywnej próbie 6 losowo wybranych produktów, należących do rynkowego segmentu suchych karm pełnoporcjowych dla psów rosnących, oznaczono poziom deoksyniwalenolu i zearalenonu wraz z jego metabolitami (α-, β-zearalenolem), z wykorzystaniem metody LC/ /MS. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na stosunkowo niski poziom oznaczanych mykotoksyn w ocenianych karmach. Istotne wydaje się zwrócenie uwagi na poziom α-zearalenolu (zaliczanego do tzw. toksyn ukrytych, po ang. masked toxins), który w kontekście długotrwałego przyjmowania z karmą może stwarzać potencjalne zagrożenie dla rozwoju układu rozrodczego młodych suk.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science; 2014, 53
1898-8830
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
APPLYING THE WARD METHOD IN THE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SITUATION OF COMMERCIAL BANKS (Ocena sytuacji finansowej banków komercyjnych z wykorzystaniem metody hierarchicznej Warda)
Autorzy:
Bieniasz, Anna
Majchrzak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
COMMERCIAL BANKS
FINANCIAL SITUATION
WARD METHOD
Opis:
The article presents the evaluation of the financial situation of commercial banks in Poland. The ratio analysis shows that the biggest variations between analyzed units were in productivity of tangible fixed assets, share of non-performing loans and overall liquidity. The financial indicators constituted the basis for the process of grouping banks into clusters of similar financial standing. The use of Ward method enabled us to differentiate five clusters. The most profitable banks belong to the first cluster, while the most productive ones are from the fourth cluster. The third cluster comprises the banks with the relatively worst financial situation.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2011, 7, 3; 1-13
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 218

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