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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Statistical approach to characterize combustion knock in the hydrogen fuelled SI engine
    Autorzy:
    Naber, J. D
    Szwaja, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246456.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    internal combustion engines
    combustion knock
    hydrogen
    statistical distribution
    Opis:
    Combustion knock in a hydrogen fuelled engine has many different characteristic as compared to knock occurring in the gasoline engine. This is a result of differences in the gasoline and hydrogen combustion mechanisms which lead to knock. Hydrogen as the engine fuel is able to produce combustion knock of significant intensity. This intensity can be determined by measurements, which have been successfully applied for examining knock generated by the gasoline fuelled engine. This paper describes the engine test bed, in-cylinder pressure traces and methods for determining knock intensity. Further, the statistical approach for characterizing combustion knock is also presented. It concentrates on applications of several probability distributions for expressing individual knock intensity metrics of hydrogen port fuelled spark ignited engine. It is assumed that knock metrics for engine working cycles are considered as random variables. The knock metrics are based on the fluctuation component of the in-cylinder pressure traces sampled at 100 khz and are calculated for 300 consecutive engine working cycles. It was noticed that the knock metrics distribution profile changes as the knock intensity varies from light to heavy knock. In the paper, modelling of this knock distribution profile using several known stochastic distributions is also presented. Finally, usefulness of statistical distributions for characterizing combustion knock is shown.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 443-450
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Knock and combustion rate interaction in a hydrogen fuelled combustion engine
    Autorzy:
    Szwaja, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245975.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion knock
    heat release rate
    hydrogen
    engine
    Opis:
    The paper describes correlation between combustion knock intensity and combustion rate calculated as the heat release rate from combustion pressure traces of a hydrogen fuelled spark ignited engine. Unlike a gasoline spark ignited (SI) engine, the hydrogen fuelled engine can easily generate knock during combustion at working conditions similar to a gasoline engine. However, the hydrogen knock does not necessarily come from hydrogen auto-ignition at the end phase of spark-controlled combustion process as it is typical at the gasoline fuelled engine. The phenomenon of hydrogen knock significantly differs from the gasoline knock due to different combustion mechanisms and different fuel thermo-chemical properties. The knock can be generated during hydrogen combustion itself as result of combustion instabilities. Intensity of this knock, expressed here by intensity of combustion pressure fluctuations, is several times lower in comparison with the combustion knock by fuel self-ignition process. This "light knock" is a matter of this paper. The tests of hydrogen combustion in the IC engine has been conducted at air to hydrogen stoichiometric ratio at various compression ratios with spark timing sweep from -10 to 4 crank angle degrees referring to top dead centre of the engine piston. Obtained results show, that there is a positive correlation between the knock intensity and the combustion rate. This correlation is particularly observed at tests taken on the engine with compression ratio of 10. The conclusions should provide good premises for combustion knock modelling and its prediction.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 431-438
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of leaning hydrogen-air mixtures on engine combustion knock
    Autorzy:
    Szwaja, S.
    Naber, J. D
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243860.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    IC engine
    lean hydrogen-air mixture
    combustion knock
    Opis:
    Combustion of lean hydrogen-air mixtures in an internal combustion (IC) spark ignited (SI) engine in respect of combustion knock effect is presented in this paper. It is known that making the combustible mixture leaner leads to both decreasing in-cylinder peak temperature of combustion and lengthening ignition lag. It also increases combustion duration. Having these issues on mind it could be concluded that combustion knock intensity decreases as well. It is reported that such a hypothesis is also correct when hydrogen based fuels are combusted in the IC engine, although hydrogen as an engine fuel, on the contrary to gasoline, is very susceptible to knock generation throughout the entire combustion duration. At the beginning the paper examines the combustion knock intensity on the basis of in-cylinder pressure traces. Next, a test-bed and obtained experimental results of hydrogen combustion in the IC single cylinder CFR engine are showed. Finally, analysis of knock intensity referring to lean hydrogen-air mixture ratio, expressed by the excess air number so-called lambda, is carried out. Significant conclusion from the analysis is that there is strong negative correlation between the hydrogen knock intensity and the excess air number lambda. In the end, comparison with exhaust gas recirculation as alternative way to reduce combustion knock, and constraints for leaning the hydrogen-air combustible mixture for the IC engine are discussed in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 483-491
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The analysis of a combustion engine knock control system
    Analiza systemu kontroli spalania stukowego silników spalinowych
    Autorzy:
    Gutten, M.
    Jurcik, J.
    Cichy, A.
    Roj, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/155941.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    knock combustion
    knock sensor
    testing device
    spalanie stukowe
    czujnik spalania stukowego
    urządzenia testujące
    Opis:
    This paper deals with the phenomenon of undesirable detonation combustion in internal combustion engines. A control unit of the engine monitors the detonations using piezoelectric knock sensors. The detonations can be objectively measured by these sensors just outside a car. If the amplitude of the sensor output voltage is too small, it may happen that the knock combustion is not detected. The construction of a simple device for the detection of this disorder is presented and described in the paper.
    Artykuł dotyczy zjawiska spalania stukowego w silnikach spalinowych. Opisano wspomniane zjawisko, przedstawiono prosty tester czujników spalania stukowego, jego model symulacyjny oraz opis matematyczny napięcia wyjściowego czujnika. Zjawisko spalania stukowego miejsce w sytuacji, gdy dochodzi do niewłaściwego, nierównomiernego i wybuchowego spalania paliwa w silniku tłokowym o zapłonie iskrowym. Zjawisko spalania stukowego jest bardzo niekorzystne, ponieważ powoduje znaczne obciążenie cieplne oraz mechaniczne elementów silnika. Aby zapobiegać temu zjawisku stosuje się odpowiednie paliwa o wysokiej liczbie oktanowej oraz układy sterowania pracą silnika redukujące możliwość spalania detonacyjnego. Ważnym elementem takiego układu jest piezoelektryczny czujnik spalania stukowego. Piezoelektryczne czujniki spalania stukowego są czujnikami generującymi napięcie na skutek uderzenia spowodowanego spalaniem stukowym. W trakcie spalania stukowego dochodzi do nagłego wzrostu ciśnienia na skutek pojawienia się fali dźwiękowej (rys. 1), co jest wykrywane przez czujnik. Czujniki spalania stukowego dostarczają informacji komputerom sterującym pracą układu zapłonowego. Układy te minimalizują spalanie stukowe poprzez sterowanie kątem zapłonu. Sterowanie to realizowane jest zwykle poprzez odpowiednie mapowanie tego kąta. Stosuje się procedury adaptacyjnego doboru kąta zapłonu, zgodnie z rys.3. Spalanie stukowe może być zredukowane poprzez właściwy dobór i przesunięcie kąta zapłonu. Przedstawiono konstrukcję prostego układu do testowania takich czujników, złożonego z rury i odpowiedniego ciężarka (kulki). Przebieg napięcia wyjściowego piezoelektrycznego czujnika spalania stukowego (rys. 8) może być przybliżony funkcja Bessela. Przedstawiono również symulację czujnika w pakiecie COMSOL rys. 9. Efekty symulacji przedstawiono na rys. 10.
    Źródło:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2014, R. 60, nr 10, 10; 832-835
    0032-4140
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical analysis of some parameters of SI internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation
    Analiza numeryczna wybranych parametrow pracy silnika ZI z recyrkulacja spalin
    Autorzy:
    Tutak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/792847.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Tematy:
    internal combustion engine
    combustion
    exhaust gas recirculation
    modelling
    thermal cycle
    engine parameter
    knock combustion process
    numerical analysis
    Źródło:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2011, 11
    1641-7739
    Pojawia się w:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Natural gas engines - problems and challenges
    Autorzy:
    Kowalewicz, A.
    Wojtyniak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243241.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engine
    natural gas
    dual-fuel engine
    combustion duration
    knock
    Opis:
    At former KONES one of the co-authors presented a paper, is which general information about natural gas properties, reserves, production and distribution were given and application to SI and CI engines was presented, compared and discussed. It was shown, that more promising is dual-fuel CI engine. There is a lot of information on combustion, emissions and performances of dual-fuel natural gas engines, but there are also blank areas and controversial opinions, which were pointed out and discussed in this paper. For example: why combustion processes are delayed in comparison with combustion of diesel fuel only. It is also not clear whether noise of dual-fuel engine is higher than that of diesel engine or lower (there are contradictory data). These problems are shown and discussed in this paper. The proposal of further research is presented. Ignition and combustion in dual-fuel natural gas engines is yet not fully recognized, especially: combustion duration, mechanism at gaseous and condensed phase burning, kinetics and diffusion controlled combustion, noise, knock and cycle-by-cycle variation. Optimization of control parameters on account of efficiency and emissions is still an open problem. Influence of natural gas composition and its changes on engine performance and emissions still demand estimation.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 273-282
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multidimensional simulation of combustion and knock onset in gas engines
    Autorzy:
    Tatschl, R.
    Priesching, P.
    Schneider, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245656.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    gas engines
    simulation
    combustion
    efficiency
    knock onset
    Opis:
    Natural gas fuelled internal combustion engines enable efficient energy conversion with relatively low environmental impact. Depending on the specific application, the available fuel quality, and the emission regulations to be fulfilled, different types of gas-engine combustion systems are in use. The major performance and hence efficiency limiting factors in gas fuelled engines are related to the lower ignitability of natural gas at part load and the appearance of abnormal combustion (knock) at high load conditions. This article provides an overview of the multidimensional CFD simulation workflow for the investigation and assessment of flame propagation and knock onset characteristics in different types of natural gas fuelled internal combustion engines. The most common approaches for simulating flame propagation/combustion under engine conditions are presented together with selected models for describing the pre-flame reactions finally leading to knock onset in the unburned in-cylinder charge ahead of the flame. Based on selected application examples, the models’ performance and capabilities with respect to reflecting the essential characteristics of flame propagation and knock onset are presented.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 2; 379-389
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Possibility to reduce knock combustion by EGR in the SI test engine
    Autorzy:
    Tutak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246177.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion
    knock
    exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
    modelling
    thermal cycle
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of modelling thermal cycle of internal combustion engine including exhaust gas recirculation. The test engine can not achieve the optimum parameters of work due to occurrence of the knock combustion. The influence of EGR on the limits of the knock occurrence in the engine was studied. It turned out that few percent of exhaust gases in the fresh charge effectively shifts the knock limit to higher ignition advance angles. The values of the limit ignition timing for the test engine was determined in order to avoid combustion knock. Larger share of EGR caused too much slowing the spread of the flame inside the combustion chamber of the test engine. EGR at constant angle of ignition was very effective in limiting the content of NO in the exhaust, but on the other hand it has an adverse effect on the engine parameters. The engine operate with exhaust gas recirculation in order to obtain the possible best parameters the ignition timing should be optimized. However, that with increasing values of the thermodynamic parameters of thermal cycle of engine increased NO content in the exhaust. The paper presents results of modelling thermal cycle of IC engine, including exhaust gas recirculation and knock combustion. The object of researches was the S320ER spark ignition internal combustion engine supplied with petrol. The engine was operated at a constant speed of1000 rpm. Modelling of the thermal cycle of the test SI engine in the FIRE software was carried out.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 485-492
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The onset of knock in gas fuelled spark ignition engines prediction and experiment
    Autorzy:
    Karim, G. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244289.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engine
    gas engine modelling
    engine performance knock criterion
    Opis:
    An approach for predicting the onset of knock and estimating its intensity in spark ignition engines is described. It is based on evaluating a dimensionless energy functional group, Kn, formulated to provide a numerical criterion to test continually, while using predictive models of the performance of spark ignition engines, for the onset of knock and its relative intensity at any instant during the combustion process. The basis for the derivation of this knock criterion and its significance are described. Examples involving gaseous fuels and their mixtures under different operating conditions show how the criterion can be employed for the prediction of the onset of knock and the associated knock-limited performance. It is shown that this approach can be made an integral part of modeling spark ignition engine operation to be used for optimizing engine performance while ensuring throughout the avoidance of the onset of knock. Among other things variations relative energy release and end gas mass fraction during flame propagation for non-knocking and border line knocking conditions, variations in the calculated knock criterion value with time for knock free, light and heavy knocking conditions, with compression ratio for hydrogen and methane as a fuel CFR engine, calculated optimum spark timing maximum power variation the probability of the incidence of knock versus spark timing, the suppression of the onset of knock through lean operation or cooled EGR are illustrated in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 165-175
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical analysis of the impact of EGR on the knock limit in SI test engine
    Numeryczna analiza wplywu EGR na granice spalania stukowego w badawczym silniku spalinowym
    Autorzy:
    Tutak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/793724.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Tematy:
    internal combustion engine
    thermal cycle
    modelling
    combustion
    exhaust gas recirculation
    knock limit
    numerical analysis
    Źródło:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2011, 11
    1641-7739
    Pojawia się w:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preliminary research of the diesel knock phenomenon with using of the crankshaft acceleration method
    Autorzy:
    Górski, K.
    Lotko, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242350.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    diesel knock
    transient conditions
    combustion process
    acceleration method
    wavelet transform
    alternative fuels
    Opis:
    Paper presents an experimental study on the pressure variations inside of 3 - cylinder, a direct injection AD3.152 type diesel engine. The main aim of the preliminary engine test was to use of the crankshaft free acceleration method for detection of diesel knock phenomenon. For this research, each combustion chamber was equipped with AVL cooled pressure sensor mountedat the top of engine head. Using of such sensors and special prepared at Technical University of Radom data acquisition system allow to record time histories of in-cylinder pressure variations at conditions of free acceleration of the engine crankshaft. Results presented in this paper show, that such transient engine conditions can be successfully used for detection of diesel knock phenomenon. High frequency pressure oscillations, typical for knocking were observed in the first phase of the acceleration process for selected combustion chambers. Experimental tests have been done for engine fuelled with regular diesel oil (DF) and its blend with Ethyl Tert Butyl Ether (ETBE) used as an oxygenated additive. Engine test procedure, used methodology and data acquisition system and engine test results carried out in non-stationary conditions with using of crankshaft acceleration method are presented in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 141-148
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Possible applications of prechambers in hydrogen internal combustion engines
    Autorzy:
    Matla, Jędrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202513.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    hydrogen combustion
    hydrogen knock
    prechamber
    H2ICE
    combustion engine
    spalanie wodoru
    stuk wodorowy
    komora wstępna
    silnik spalinowy
    Opis:
    In order to ensure better control of the combustion process in a internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen, it has been proposed to use a split combustion chamber solution. Following paper contains a description of a hydrogen combustion system that includes an analysis of possible technical solutions. The considerations take into account the issues of the dual nature of hydrogen knocking and the problem of burning a stratified charge of a hydrogen-air mixture in a cylinder.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 4; 77--82
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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