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Tytuł:
E-smoking: Emerging public health problem?
Autorzy:
Jankowski, Mateusz
Brożek, Grzegorz
Lawson, Joshua
Skoczyński, Szymon
Zejda, Jan E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-05-08
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
smoking
nicotine
literature review
e-cigarette
electronic cigarette
tobacco products
Opis:
E-cigarette use has become increasingly popular, especially among the young. Its long-term influence upon health is unknown. Aim of this review has been to present the current state of knowledge about the impact of e-cigarette use on health, with an emphasis on Central and Eastern Europe. During the preparation of this narrative review, the literature on e-cigarettes available within the network PubMed was retrieved and examined. In the final review, 64 research papers were included. We specifically assessed the construction and operation of the e-cigarette as well as the chemical composition of the e-liquid; the impact that vapor arising from the use of e-cigarette explored in experimental models in vitro; and short-term effects of use of e-cigarettes on users’ health. Among the substances inhaled by the e-smoker, there are several harmful products, such as: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acroleine, propanal, nicotine, acetone, o-methyl-benzaldehyde, carcinogenic nitrosamines. Results from experimental animal studies indicate the negative impact of e-cigarette exposure on test models, such as ascytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, airway hyper reactivity, airway remodeling, mucin production, apoptosis, and emphysematous changes. The short-term impact of e-cigarettes on human health has been studied mostly in experimental setting. Available evidence shows that the use of e-cigarettes may result in acute lung function responses (e.g., increase in impedance, peripheral airway flow resistance) and induce oxidative stress. Based on the current available evidence, e-cigarette use is associated with harmful biologic responses, although it may be less harmful than traditional cigarettes. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):329–344
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 3; 329-344
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of DNA damage using chromosomal aberrations assay in lymphocytes of waterpipe smokers
Autorzy:
Alsatari, Enas S.
Azab, Mohammad
Khabour, Omar F.
Alzoubi, Karem H.
Sadiq, May F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2180083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-06-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
waterpipe
smoking
cigarette
chromosomal aberrations
Opis:
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in the lymphocytes of waterpipe smokers using chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay. Materials and Methods: Fifty waterpipe smokers and 18 healthy nonsmokers volunteered to participate in the study. Additionally, 18 heavy cigarette smokers were recruited for comparison. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay was used to evaluate DNA damage in the lymphocytes. Results: The results showed that similarly to cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking significantly increased the frequencies of CAs (p < 0.01). In addition, the frequencies of CAs increased with more waterpipe use. Conclusions: Waterpipe smoking causes DNA damage to lymphocytes and the damage increases with more waterpipe use.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2012, 25, 3; 218-224
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can cigarette smoking make a man appear sexier and stronger to women?
Autorzy:
Czarna, Anna
Szmajke, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-11-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cigarette
smoking
belief
illusion
self-presentation;
Opis:
This paper focuses on naďve theories, illusions, and misconceptions regarding the outcome of men’s cigarette smoking on female impressions. Beliefs about those outcomes were examined in a correlational study and their content was compared with the results of previous experimental verifi cation. Male and female participants (N = 396) responded to an advertisement placed on an online general-interest forum and completed a questionnaire concerning their beliefs about the impact of cigarette smoking in men on their self-presentation to women. This included impressions of attractiveness, intelligence, strength, sexiness, and other male qualities. Results show that people believe that smoking decreases a man’s perceived aptitude for being a woman’s long-term partner. The belief that smoking enhances a man’s attractiveness to a woman as a short-term partner was limited to female smokers. Non-smokers believed that smoking in men signals poor impulse-control. Gender, age, smoking status (smoker vs non-smoker), and number of cigarettes smoked daily appeared to play an important role in predicting expressed beliefs. Young female smokers were indicated as the subgroup bearing the most optimistic illusions.
Źródło:
Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies); 2011, 49, 5; 23-40
0081-685X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytical evaluation of the iron transfer from cigarette tobacco to human body
Autorzy:
Herman, M.
Kościelniak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147299.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cigarette tobacco
iron
flow system
calibration
Opis:
It was analytically examined how great amount of total iron can be absorbed during cigarette smoking. For this purpose, tobacco taken from cigarettes of selected brands (Marlboro, L&M, and Popular) was carefully analyzed before and after smoking. In addition, the cigarette filters were checked in terms of iron content. In all samples iron was determined by means of spectrophotometric method with sulfosalicylic acid. The method was realized with the aid of an original flow system allowing the analytical calibration to be performed with high reliability. As a result iron present in a sample in trace amount was able to be found with very good accuracy and with precision not exceeding 1.5% (in RSD). It was stated that typical amount of iron in a single cigarette is ranged between 0.3 and 0.4 mg. When smoking the risk should be taken into account that even 99% of this amount is transferred to human body without any chance to be limited by the cigarette filter.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49,suppl.1; 39-42
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maternal waterpipe smoke exposure and the risk of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood: A post hoc analysis
Autorzy:
Waked, Mirna
Salameh, Pascale
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-24
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
asthma
allergy
waterpipe smoke
cigarette smoke
Opis:
Introduction This analysis was conducted with the objective of evaluating association between waterpipe passive smoking exposure and asthma, and allergies among Lebanese children. Material and methods Data were taken from a crosssectional study on children from public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated in the study, where standardized written core questionnaires were distributed. From 5 to 12-year-old students filled in the questionnaires at home, while 13–14-year-old students filled it in in the class. In total, 5522 children were evaluated for the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema, and their associated factors, including waterpipe exposure due to parents’ smoking. Results The descriptive results of parental smoking were, as follows: among mothers: 1609 (29%) mothers smoked cigarettes, 385 (7%) smoked waterpipe and 98 (1.8%) smoked both; among fathers: 2449 (44.2%) smoked cigarettes, 573 (10.3%) smoked waterpipe and 197 (3.5%) smoked both. Maternal waterpipe smoking was significantly and moderately associated with allergic diseases (p < 0.001; ORa = 1.71), including probable asthma, rhinitis and dermatitis (p < 0.001 for all). Quite on the opposite, father’s waterpipe smoking was not associated with any of the diseases. Parental cigarette smoking demonstrated some positive effects: father’s cigarette smoking did not show association with dermatitis or asthma diagnosed by a physician, while mother’s cigarette smoking showed a positive association only with probable asthma. Moreover, no interactions between cigarette and waterpipe smoking were observed. Conclusions Maternal waterpipe smoking should be regarded as a high risk behavior; however, additional studies are necessary to confirm this finding.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 1; 147-156
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Addiction in university students – determining the levels of cigarette, alcohol, substance, game, and Internet addiction
Autorzy:
Korkmaz Aslan, Tuba
Batı, Serap
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
addiction
alcohol
cigarette
game
Internet
university student
Opis:
Introduction and aim. This study aims to determine the average addiction levels of university students and the effects of different demographic variables on addiction levels and types. Material and methods. The study included 783 volunteer students in the Seydişehir campus of Necmettin Erbakan University. Data were collected face-to-face using Sociodemographic Information Form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Cut-off test (CAGE), Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results. Of the students, 27.7% were using tobacco, 14.8% were using alcohol, 2.6% were using ecstasy, 2.3% were using cannabis, 1.4% were using inhalants, 1% were using pills. FTND, DGAS-7, and IAT mean scores were 3.80±2.55, 12.04±5.57, and 43.56±15.73, respectively, and 21.5% had risky alcohol use. Also, 2.2% were game addicts, 3.8% were internet addicts. Digital game addiction, internet addiction, and nicotine addiction were positively correlated. There was no significant relationship between nicotine and internet addictions. Individuals with risky alcohol use had higher rates of nicotine addiction. Conclusion. Students’ addiction rates were similar to the country in general. Addictions gained in the youth years continue in the following years and bring many health problems. Therefore, it is crucial to include the subject of combating addiction more in university education and increase studies on the subject.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2023, 1; 58-67
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of Cigarette Butts on Plant Germination Based on Sinapis alba L. and Hordeum vulgare L. Seeds
Autorzy:
Jakimiuk, Aleksandra
Bulak, Alicja
Barroso, Petra Martínez
Podlasek, Anna
Vaverková, Magdalena Daria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
personal litter
cigarette butt
ecotoxicological test
adverse effect
Opis:
Cigarette butts (CBs) have only recently begun to be considered environmentally harmful waste. CBs are common waste in the environment, that can cause air, soil, and water pollution and pose a threat to the living. CBs should be treated as toxic and hazardous waste due to its slow decomposition and accumulation of many toxic substances. There is a lack of research on the adaptation of CBs to the environment and what impact they have on vegetation. Therefore, the present work aimed to understand the toxicity of smoked CBs. Leachates of various concentrations were assessed with ecotoxicological tests. The effect of CBs on germination and development of plants at their early stage of growth was determined. Seeds of Sinapis alba L. and Hordeum vulgare L. were used in the CBs toxicity test. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the main effects on plants. From the results, it is evident that low concentrations of toxic substances contained in CBs have a positive effect on plants; however, Hordeum vulgare L. expresses higher toxic resistance than Sinapis alba L. It has been proven that high concentrations of CBs in a water solution have negative effects on seed germination and radical growth. This research shows that varied plant species can cope with different levels of contamination by hazardous elements. CBs are an important source of contamination for the environment and the hazardous elements that are released from them when inappropriately disposed of can impair the development of plants and accumulate in them.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 7; 226--237
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effects of illicit cigarette trade in South Africa: a CGE analysis
Autorzy:
Erero, Jean Luc
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Computable General Equilibrium model
Illicit cigarette
South Africa
Opis:
Aim/purpose – This paper evaluates the effects of the illicit cigarette trade on the South African economy through a static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Indeed, the illicit cigarette trade occupies a prominent place in public debate in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The base year Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of the model is constructed from the data for 2015 to reflect the most recent information. The model includes a number of direct and indirect tax variables. The indirect tax section is decomposed into VAT, excise and fuel levy for analysis purposes. The household section considered all income categories with 14 distinct deciles. Findings – One policy simulation was carried out to evaluate the effect of the illicit cigarette trade on growth and income distribution. Our findings show that the loss of R8 billion in tax revenue given the current growth of the illicit cigarette market has impacted negatively on the country’s GDP and employment rate. Research implications/limitations – We utilised the latest available data for 2015 when constructing the SAM that was used as database for the model. The assessment of the illicit cigarette trade through the application of a CGE model provided strategies for the implementation of a specific Cigarette Governing Body, with distinct areas of accountability focusing solely on illicit cigarettes. Originality/value/contribution – There is a need for urgent attention from the state to combat the trade in illicit cigarettes, as most of this illegal product is produced in South Africa. This paper contributes by expanding awareness amongst policy makers and the public regarding the connection between the illicit trade in licit goods, corruption, and organised criminal networks.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2020, 40; 5-35
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase in the blood of smoking smelters
Autorzy:
Bizoń, Anna
Milnerowicz, Halina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2178842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-05-17
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
Oxidative stress
cigarette smoking
occupational exposure
antioxidants levels
Opis:
Objectives: Metallothionein (MT) and two forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are dependent on zinc and copper ions, are involved in defense against the same superoxide anion radicals and are present in extra- and intracellular compartments. The aim of our study was to investigate MT concentration and Cu/Zn SOD activity in the plasma and erythrocyte lysate of the non-smoking and smoking smelters. Material and Methods: The investigations were performed in the blood of 300 male smelters and 100 non-exposed male subjects. We have measured zinc, copper, malondialdehyde (MDA) and MT concentrations as well as SOD activity. Results: We have observed an increase of Cu/Zn coefficient and decrease of Zn/Cu coefficient in the serum of smelters in comparison with the non-smoking control group. Concentration of MDA in the plasma of smelters was higher in comparison with its concentration in the non-smoking control group. The plasma and the erythrocyte lysate MT concentration increased significantly in the whole group of smelters as compared to the non-smoking control group. The mean value of MT concentration in plasma of the smoking smelters was above 2-fold higher than in the non-smoking control group. The activity of Cu/Zn SOD in plasma of the smoking and non-smoking smelters was decreased in comparison with the smoking and non-smoking control groups, respectively. The lowest activity of Cu/Zn SOD, about 2-3‑fold decreased in comparison with the smoking and non-smoking control groups, was detected in plasma of the smelters. An inverse relationship was observed in the erythrocyte lysate. The highest activity of Cu/Zn SOD was reported in the erythrocyte lysate of the smoking smelters and it was about 2-fold higher than in the non-smoking control group. Conclusions: In extracellular environment MT plays a crucial role in comparison with the SOD, while in the intracellular compartment Cu/Zn SOD and MT cooperate with each other.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2014, 27, 2; 326-334
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cigarette smoking among a sample of PONS study subjects: preliminary assessment
Autorzy:
Przewozniak, K.
Lobaszewski, J.
Cedzynska, M.
Wojtyla, A.
Paprzycki, P.
Manczuk, M.
Zatonski, W.A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
cigarette smoking
PONS project
adult
Polska
smoking behaviour
habit
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2011, 18, 2
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of tobacco smoking on thyroid ultrasound image assessed among random population of spa patients in Kołobrzeg, Poland
Autorzy:
Łożyńska-Podsadna, Ewelina
Andrzejewska, Magdalena
Czarnywojtek, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1164235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
cigarette smoking
goiter
thyroid
thyroid nodules
thyroid volume
tobacco
Opis:
Tobacco smoking increases the risk of many diseases, but its association with thyroid disorders remains unclear. Most studies show higher incidence of thyroid nodularity in the populations of smokers. Due to its pro-inflammatory effect, tobacco is said to play an important role also in the development of thyroid inflammation. However, our study showed opposite results. We performed a research on a population of 75 spa guests in Poland. The study was based on surveys and ultrasound thyroid examination. Among examined patients, thyroid nodularity was more common in non-smokers than in smokers. Focal changes were detected in 25,00% of smokers and in 48,00% of non-smokers. Examined smokers presented also less abnormalities in the thyroid echogenicity. Heterogenous thyroid echogenicity was detected in 40,00% of smokers and in 52% of non-smokers. 49,21% of the examined population had enlarged thyroid gland. Among the group with enlarged thyroid gland only 24,30% were smokers and 75,70% were non-smokers. Such results can be explained by a small study group of patients. Another aspect is the type of the group- it turned out, that most of the patients who were interested in participation in the study, presented thyroid diseases in the past.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 108; 229-236
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acrylamide content in cigarette mainstream smoke and estimation of exposure to acrylamide from tobacco smoke in Poland
Autorzy:
Mojska, Hanna
Gielecińska, Iwona
Cendrowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
acrylamide
cigarette mainstream smoke
lc-ms/ms
exposure assessment
Opis:
Introduction and objective. Acrylamide is a “probably human carcinogen” monomer that can form in heated starchy food as a result of a reaction between asparagine and reducing sugars via Maillard reaction. The main source of acrylamide in human diet are potato products, cereal products and coffee. Tobacco smoke may be another significant source of exposure to acrylamide. The aim of our study was to determine acrylamide content in cigarettes available on the Polish market and to estimate the exposure to acrylamide originating from tobacco smoke in smokers in Poland. Materials and methods. The material was cigarettes of the top five brands bought in Poland and tobacco from non-smoked cigarettes. Acrylamide content in cigarettes mainstream smoke was determined by LC-MS/MS. Exposure assessment was carried out using analytical data of acrylamide content in cigarettes and the mean quantity of cigarettes smoked daily by smokers in Poland, assuming body weight at 70 kg. Results. The mean content of acrylamide was 679.3 ng/cigarette (range: 455.0 – 822.5 ng/cigarette). The content of acrylamide was evidenced to correlate positively with total particulate matter (TPM) content in cigarettes. The estimated average exposure to acrylamide from tobacco smoke in adult smokers in Poland is 0.17 μg/kg b.w./day. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that tobacco smoke is a significant source of acrylamide and total exposure to acrylamide in the population of smokers, on average, is higher by more than 50% in comparison with non-smokers. Our estimation of exposure to acrylamide from tobacco smoke is the first estimation taking into account the actual determined acrylamide content in the cigarettes available on the market.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2016, 23, 3
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Polish Internet retail sites offering electronic cigarettes
Autorzy:
Zarobkiewicz, M.K.
Wozniakowski, M.M.
Slawinski, M.A.
Samborski, P.M.
Wawryk-Gawda, E.
Jodlowska-Jedrych, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/872602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
electronic market
market analysis
Internet
offer
electronic cigarette
web site
Opis:
Background. Electronic cigarettes as possibly healthier alternative to conventional cigarettes are gaining popularity worldwide, although they are still hazardous to human health. Partly it is caused by unregulated advertising and online sales. Unfortunately it is more and more popular for youth to try electronic cigarettes. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the marketing claims used by Polish websites offering electronic cigarettes Material and Methods. A search using Google search engine was performed in July 2015 for two keywords: e-papierosy [e-cigarettes] and elektroniczne papierosy [electronic cigarettes]. First 150 websites (15 pages) were listed. After initial review 86 pages met all inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Pages were searched for presence of 13 selected marketing claims as well as age-related warning and any social websites connections. Results. Age-related warning was present on only 33.72% (n=29) websites. Two thirds has its own Facebook fan-page with average 1922.09 ± 3634.86 likes. Articles about health are available on 10.46% (n=9) websites, 53.49% (n=46) states that e-cigarettes are healthier than conventional ones, 39.53% (n=34) emphasized that during usage of e-cigarettes no tarry substances are produced. Two pages had special article in which conventional and electronic cigarettes were compared. Almost half (44.19%) remarked that e-cigarettes are cheaper in usage than conventional, one third pointed out the simplicity of usage. 32.56% advertised e-cigarettes as aid in quitting smoking. One fourth stated that e-cigarettes are harmless for surroundings. 33.72% marketed them as a way of bypassing public smoking act. 56.98% remarked the variety of liquid tastes offered. Conclusions. Electronic cigarettes and their rising popularity create another new possible threat for public health as the widely available information emphasize safety of e-cigarettes usage and as their availability and usage is not limited or restricted by law.
Wprowadzenie. Elektroniczne papierosy (e-papierosy) jako prawdopodobnie mniej szkodliwa alternatywa dla konwencjonalnych papierosów zyskują coraz większą popularność na świecie, chociaż są szkodliwe dla zdrowia. Częściowo, jest to wynikiem braku regulacji prawnych odnoszących się do reklamowania i sprzedaży internetowej e-papierosów. Niestety, korzystanie z e-papierosów staje się coraz popularniejsze także wśród młodzieży. Cel badań. Celem badania było określenie i analiza praktyk i twierdzeń marketingowych używanych przez polskie sklepy internetowe oferujące e-papierosy. Materiał i metody. W lipcu 2015 z pomocą polskiej wersji wyszukiwarki Google wykonano zapytanie na hasła: e-papierosy oraz elektroniczne papierosy. Pierwsze 150 wyników (15 stron wyników) wypisano. Po wstępnym przejrzeniu 86 stron spełniało wszystkie warunki włączenia do badania. Przeprowadzono analizę stron pod kątem obecności 13 twierdzeń lub technik marketingowych oraz połączeń z mediami społecznościowymi, jak również ograniczenia wiekowego w dostępie do strony. Wyniki. Ograniczenie wiekowe w dostępnie do e-papierosów znaleziono na 29 (33.72%) stronach. Dwie trzecie stron miało fanpage na Facebooku (średnio 1922.09 ± 3634.86 polubień). Artykuły o zdrowiu były dostępne na 10.46% (n=9) stron. Na 53.49% (n=46) stron znaleziono twierdzenie, że e-papierosy są zdrowsze od papierosów tradycyjnych, 39.53% (n=34) stron podkreślało brak substancji smolistych. Dwie strony miały specjalny artykuł porównujący elektroniczne i tradycyjne papierosy. Niemal na połowie analizowanych stron (44.19%) przedstawiano e-papierosy jako tańsze w użytkowaniu, a na jednej trzeciej jako bardzo proste w użyciu. Na 32.56% stron reklamowano e-papierosy jako pomoc w rzucaniu palenia. Jedna czwarta stron zawierała twierdzenie o nieszkodliwości e-papierosów dla otoczenia. Na 33.72% stron reklamowano je jako sposób na obejście zakazu palenia w miejscach publicznych. Na 56.98% stron podkreślano różnorodność dostępnych smaków e-papierosów. Wnioski. Rosnąca popularność elektronicznych papierosów jest nowym zagrożeniem dla zdrowia publicznego, tym bardziej, iż powszechnie dostępne informacje podkreślają wysoki profil ich bezpieczeństwa, a dostępność i używanie nie jest ograniczone.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2016, 67, 3
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychosocial determinants of metabolic disorders in individuals with psychiatric disorders
Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania zaburzeń przemiany metabolicznej u osób chorujących psychicznie
Autorzy:
Łopuszańska, Urszula
Sidor, Katarzyna
Makara-Studzińska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
cigarette smoking
cognitive functions
indicators of metabolic rate
physical activity
Opis:
Aim of the study: The analysis of metabolic disorders in people with mental disorders due to psychological factors, healthy and unhealthy behaviour as well as the material situation and employment status. Material and methods: Ninety-one adults diagnosed with a mental disorder who use community support centres, whose metabolic rates were examined with the use of the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) indicator, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and glucose concentration. Cognitive function examinations were performed by using various testing methods to assess general cognitive function, direct and delayed memory, verbal fluency (letter and semantic). Additionally, a test to determine the severity of depression, and also a sociodemographic survey were performed. Results: Cigarette smoking was associated with a decrease of cognitive functions (p < 0.01) and letter fluency (p < 0.04). Physically active people have lower WHR indicators (p < 0.008), decreased severity of depressive symptoms (p < 0.002) and a lower rate of hospitalisations (p < 0.001). They achieved better results in terms of short-term memory (p < 0.02) than physically inactive people. People employed in sheltered work conditions had lower rates of abdominal obesity WHR (p < 0.01), and achieved better results in the tests measuring their general cognitive functions – Short Test of Mental Status (p < 0.02). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking, low physical activity, and a lack of employment are associated with metabolic rate disorders, especially in relation to the indicators of overweight and obesity, as well as the general decrease in cognitive functions and the ability of learning and memorisation.
Celem badań była analiza wskaźników zaburzeń przemiany metabolicznej u osób chorujących psychicznie z uwzględnieniem czynników psychologicznych, zachowań pro- i antyzdrowotnych, sytuacji materialnej oraz statusu zatrudnienia. Materiał i metody: W zakresie przemiany metabolicznej przebadano 91 osób (dorośli) ze zdiagnozowaną chorobą psychiczną korzystających z ośrodków środowiskowego wsparcia; przeanalizowano wyniki dotyczące: wskaźnika otyłości brzusznej WHR (waist to hip ratio – stosunek obwodu talii do obwodu bioder), cholesterolu całkowitego, cholesterolu LDL, trójglicerydów, cholesterolu HDL oraz stężenia glukozy we krwi. Badanie funkcji poznawczych przeprowadzono przy użyciu różnych metod służących do badania: ogólnych funkcji poznawczych, pamięci bezpośredniej i odroczonej, fluencji słownej (literowej i semantycznej). Dodatkowo posłużono się testem do badania nasilenia depresji, a także ankietą socjodemograficzną. Wyniki: Nikotynizm wiązał się ze spadkiem funkcji poznawczych (p < 0,01) oraz fluencji literowej (p < 0,04). Osoby aktywne fizycznie miały niższy wskaźnik WHR (p < 0,008), mniejsze nasilenie objawów depresyjnych (p < 0,002), niższy wskaźnik hospitalizacji (p < 0,001) oraz osiągnęły lepsze rezultaty w zakresie krótkotrwałej pamięci bezpośredniej (p < 0,02) od osób nieaktywnych fizycznie. Osoby zatrudnione w warunkach chronionych miały niższy wskaźnik otyłości brzusznej WHR (p < 0,01) oraz uzyskały lepsze wyniki w teście mierzącym ogólne funkcje poznawcze – Short Test of Mental Status (p < 0,02). Wnioski: Nikotynizm, niska aktywność fizyczna, brak zatrudnienia wiążą się z zaburzeniami przemiany metabolicznej, szczególnie w odniesieniu do wskaźników nadwagi i otyłości, a także ze spadkiem ogólnych funkcji poznawczych oraz zdolności do uczenia się i zapamiętywania.
Źródło:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2017, 17, 1; 17-22
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obesity, smoking status and their relationships in selected population groups
Autorzy:
Lenartova, P.
Gazarova, M.
Mrazova, J.
Kopcekova, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
obesity
cigarette smoking
non-smoker
smoker
COPD patient
lipid profile
Opis:
Background. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and recently the role of overweight and obesity in lung disease has received new interest. Chronic obstructive lung disease is the third-leading cause of death globally, and both obesity and diet appear to play roles in its pathophysiology. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an inverse association between obesity and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between smoking, lipid profile and obesity (body composition changes) in a selected groups of population (30 non-smokers, 30 smokers and 60 COPD patients). Material and Methods. We evaluated fat mass, fat free mass, body mass index and lipid profile in a group of 120 randomly selected probands (60 COPD patients; 30 smokers without COPD; 30 non-smokers without COPD) to identify possible negative relationships of smoking to body composition. To the measurement of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) was used a device Bodystat Quadscan 4000 (Bodystat Ltd, British Isles). The device works by using four-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Laboratory parameters as total cholesterol (T-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerols (TG) were investigated by automated clinical chemistry analyzer LISA 200th. The measured values were statistically processed and evaluated in a statistical program STATISTICA Cz. Version 7.1. (Kruskall-Wallis test). Results. A comparison of the mean fat mass we found statistically highly significant differences between the group of COPD patients and non-smokers (P <0.001) and insignificant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between the other groups of our experiment. A comparison of the mean fat mass values of all three groups of the experiment shows a steady increase in fat from non-smokers (17.66 ± 10.04 kg) to COPD patients with the highest mean value (25.08 ± 10.14 kg). In the group of COPD patients we recorded the lowest average value of FFM (51.76 ± 13.84 kg), in group of smokers the middle (56.06 ± 10.76 kg) and in non-smokers the highest average value of FFM (59.91 ± 9.90 kg) at relatively the same body weight in the groups. Based on calculated body mass index (BMI), we found in group of COPD patients overweight in 15 cases (25%), obesity in 7 patients (11.67%), severe obesity in 14 patients (23.3%) and morbid obesity in 2 patients (3.33%); in the group of smokers overweight in 16 cases (53.33%), obesity in 5 cases (16.6%) and severe obesity in 1 case (3.33%); in non-smokers we recording overweight in 14 cases (46.67%), obesity in 5 cases (16.67%) and severe obesity in 2 cases (6.67%). In the lipid profile of the monitored groups of probands, we observed statistically significant differences only for LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.001) between the group with COPD and smokers, as well as between the group of smokers and non-smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusions. In the vast majority of patients with COPD, the lung damage that leads to COPD is caused by long-term cigarette smoking. The presence and absence of risk factors such as smoking, inappropriate lipid profile and obesity (amount of fat mass) in selected population groups were observed. Additional studies to explore both the quantitative and qualitative changes in body composition with disease process of COPD are required.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2021, 72, 3; 291-299
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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