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Tytuł:
Medieval lamellar armour plate from the Penjikent. A contribution to the study of Mongol armour
Autorzy:
KUBIK, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
lamellae
armour
Penjikent
Sogdiana
Central Asia
Opis:
This article analyses the lamellae discovered in the Tajik village of Kuktoš in the territory of the mediaeval part of the city of Penjikent, published by F.Š. Aminov in Petersburg in 2017 and currently held in archives of the Historical Museum of Ancient Penjikent. This item, which dates to the pre-Mongol, most likely Karakhanid, period, provides an opportunity to look again on some already published finds of lamellar plates from Central Asia. It gives a chance to look again on the problem of the armour used by Mongols during their conquest of Asia and Eastern Europe.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2020, 9; 83-92
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The EU engagement in democracy promotion in post-Soviet Central Asia: the case study of the Kyrgyz Republic – prospects and challenges
Autorzy:
Kainazarov, Baktybek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616643.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Central Asia
geopolitics
human rights
democracy promotion
Opis:
When Soviet Union collapsed, there were different hypothesis regarding democratic reforms and political system changes in Kyrgyzstan. It was believed that Kyrgyzstan would develop its independent policy and democratic governance. Since early 1990s European countries through OSCE, and later through the EU launched development projects have been playing central role in democracy promotion and civil society development in Central Asia. At the same time, as analysis show geopolitical interests of neighboring powerful states such as Russia and China increased in the region, which resulted the creation of regional institutions such as Shanhai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Collective Security Organization (CSO), Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) and Silk Road Belt Initiative (SRBI). While being the fully-fledged member of China and Russia led regional institutions, Kyrgyzstan is under heavy political and economic influence. Besides, human rights situation in Kyrgyzstan like in other Central Asian countries has been deteriorating for last few years. Thus, the research paper focuses on interplay between Russia and China for geopolitical dominance in the region, including how it negatively influences for political volatility, civil society suppression and deterioration of human rights issues. Paper equally analyzes European countries engagement in human rights and democracy promotion in Kyrgyzstan. The research considers important to analyze the EU strategy in democratic reforms in Central Asia and to investigate why it matters for the EU.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2018, 3; 27-40
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian-Chinese cooperation and competition in Afghanistan and its implications for Central Asia
Autorzy:
Aliyev, Nurlan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Russia
China
Afghanistan
Central Asia
the Taliban
Opis:
This paper aims to explore current and perspective trends of relations between Russia and China in Afghanistan and Central Asia. It also analyzes whether the withdrawal of the U.S. and the subsequent Taliban takeover helped—and continues to help—strengthen the two powers’ positions in the region and what kind of challenges and benefits they face. The paper examines the hypothesis that the U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan and the Taliban’s return to power added to Russia and China’s benefits in the region. The research uses content analysis regarding official documents, political and military elite speeches, interviews, and reports to explain Russia and China’s official positions and policies regarding Afghanistan and Central Asia. Relations between the two powers as regards Afghanistan and Central Asia are comparatively analyzed. The paper uses the neorealist approach, which is fit for explaining relations between Russia and China in Afghanistan and Central Asia. After the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, regional security is now the business of the regional powers, mainly China and Russia. Now they should bear the responsibilities and share the burdens. There is probably more ground for competition after eliminating the threats in Afghanistan and especially in Central Asia for Moscow and Beijing. However, Russia and China will continue to try to align their interests in Afghanistan and Central Asia, especially if their relations with U.S. remain at the current level or worsen in the coming years. Based on the findings, this paper argues that, on the one hand, Russia and China continue to try to take advantage of the instability in the region by stepping up their security and economic influences in Central Asia. However, their stabilizing efforts in Afghanistan following the withdrawal of the U.S., ironically may increase competition between China and Russia.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2022, 58; 94-115
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mysterious helmet from Verden and its “link” with Tibetan helmets
Autorzy:
KUBIK, Adam Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Helmets
Franks
Carolingians
Avars
Central Asia
Tibet
Opis:
The article discusses a helmet that was published in 1914 in Zeitschrift für Historische Waffenkunde. It was possibly found by a German farmer during field works near the town of Verden in Lower Saxony. The helmet which was previously associated with the Saxons and dated between Migration Period and the reign of Charlemagne shows clearly relations with far Asian constructions. Additionally I discuss here another helmet in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which seems to be a 20th century reworking that imitated the Verden helmet.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2017, 6; 133-139
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Central Asia as a region in international relations
Autorzy:
Bharti, Simant Shankar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Central Asia
Region
Area Studies
Geopolitics
International Relations
Opis:
‘Central Asia’ is a unique and diverse region of the world that landmass distinct from other regions and sedentary civilisation is one of the characteristics. The geography of this region is considered a controversial discourse among scholars in international relations and, Europeans prefer to call them ‘Central Eurasia’, but Asian scholars frequently used the term ‘Central Asia’. However, the history of Asia was not stable and similar in the past. In this regard, this article tries to find the status of the Central Asia in international relations from a historical to empirical discussion in academia. Through the discourse analysis applied here to trace scholars, historians, institutions, governments, and sociologists’ perspective how they treat ‘Central Asia’, whether it is a deeply profound ‘region’ or precise existence. The initial argument says that Central Asia is more significant due to the geostrategic point of view and attracts superpowers in the ground of diplomacy play.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2022, 20; 15-27
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Introduction to studies on late Sasanian protective armour. The Yarysh-Mardy helmet
Autorzy:
KUBIK, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517615.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Helmets
Armour
Sasanian Iran
Caucasia
Central Asia
Nomads
Opis:
The article discusses a helmet found in 1968 in a mountainous village of Yarysh-Mardy situated on the river Argun in the north-eastern Caucasus. The helmet was often associated with the Golden Horde period, which according to the author seems highly unlikely. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis, the author puts forward a thesis of dating the object to either the late-Sasanid or early-Islamic period, i.e. to late 6th - beginning of 8th c. AD. Specifically, it is suggested that the appearance of the helmet in the Caucasus may be attributed to the time of Byzantine-Sasanid conflicts taking place at the turn of 6th and 7th c. AD. Additionally, the article argues that in the late Sasanid period a new sub-type of helmets came into existence, namely the ones with straight spangs and ones with spiky rivets. Furthermore, it is proposed that the Yarysh-Mardy helmet bears certain correspondences to similar finds from Groningen and Bremen.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2016, 5; 77-105
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Union Democracy Promotion and its impact on Civil Society in Central Asia
Autorzy:
Fiedler, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European Union
Central Asia
authoritarianism
democratization
civil society
Opis:
After a period of relatively small activity in this region, in 2007, the European Union offered a strategy for Central Asia. This strategy addressed many issues, including democratic deficit and human rights violations. The main obstacles to the implementation of the strategy are autocratic tendencies and corruption, the influence of neighbors strongly leaning towards autocracy and the post-Soviet legacy. Additionally, the EU’s activity is overshadowed by the US and has minimal capacity for pursuing its own policy toward Central Asia. Another problem is the fact that after implementing this EU strategy toward Central Asia there are no new initiatives which contribute to more visible European activity in that region.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2018, 1; 73-82
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Historical Narrative and Tradition as Instruments of Creating the Image of the State on the International Arena: The Case of Kazakhstan
Autorzy:
Waśkiel, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
politics of memory
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
nation branding
Opis:
The article aims to explain the relationships between the official historical narrative (politics of memory) and the image of the state on the international area (nation branding). The analysis was based mainly on the Kazakh cinematography and the Kazakh TV station programs. I argue that the official historical narrative may contribute to the change of Kazakhstan perception on the international area. Politics of memory aims at highlighting the selected historical periods and concealing others. Kazakhstan elites are trying to emphasize the recent history, modernization and economic successes of the state after 1991. The pre-Soviet history is also strongly accentuated, and the historical continuity of the Kazakh nation (or even its statehood) from the end of the 15th century is highlighted. The politics of memory also aims at retraditionalization, i.e., the traditional lifestyle of nomads is widely publicized. On the other hand, the period of Russian and Soviet rule, painful events in the history of the twentieth century, are omitted or even concealed. Such a manner of conducting politics of memory may change the image of Kazakhstan, from the post–Soviet state to a modern one, modernized but at the same time nomadic, with a rich tradition.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2019, 30 (37); 43-63
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Central Asian Gypsies: identities and migrations
Autorzy:
Marushiakova, Elena
Popov, Veselin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Central Asia
Gypsies
Lyuli
Mugat
Roma
Migration
Identities
Opis:
Central Asian Gypsies: identities and migrationsDuring recent years the topic of Gypsy/Roma migration and identities became burning topic of pan-EUropean public discourse. Much less attention is paid to the Gypsy migrations outside the borders of European Union. The present article has ambitious goal to fulfill this gap and to present contemporary Gypsy migrations in Post-soviet Central Asian in order to see how this “burning” topic looks outside European space. After breakdown of Soviet Union and establishing of new independent republics in Central Asia and in connection to economical difficulties, wars and social unrest, in order to make their living, the communities of Central Asian ‘Gypsies’ revitalised their former nomadic traditions and migrate towards Russian Federation and in frames of Central Asia towards Kazakhstan. There they are earning their living through begging and sporadic work in construction and scrap collection.A central point of this article is the impact of these contemporary migrations on the development of identities and well being of Central Asian ‘Gypsies’. The multilevel, hierarchically structured identities of Central-Asian ‘Gypsies' are analysed as demonstrated in different historical contexts – as former “Soviet people”, member of former ruling class of agricultural proletariat, and as declassed community today; as Central-Asian ‘Gypsies’ or as citizens of respective Central Asian Republics during migrations in Russian Federation in front of Russian majority society and in front of Roma; and in context of the Central Asian region during the migrations to Kazakhstan and in their home countries.   Cyganie środkowoazjatyccy – tożsamości i migracje W ostatnich latach tematyka migracji i tożsamości Cyganów (Romów) stała się tematem palącym w unijnoeuropejskim dyskursie publicznym. O wiele mniej uwagi poświęca się w nim migracjom Cyganów, które mają miejsce poza granicami Unii Europejskiej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wypełnienie tej luki i ukazanie współczesnych migracji Cyganów w posowieckiej Azji Środkowej, po to by móc spojrzeć, jak ów „palący” problem przedstawia się poza obszarem europejskim. Po rozpadzie Związku Sowieckiego i ustanowieniu w Azji Środkowej nowych niepodległych republik, a także wobec trudności gospodarczych, wojen i niepokojów społecznych, w dążeniu do uzyskania środków do życia, wspólnoty „Cyganów” środkowoazjatyckich powróciły do swych dawnych tradycji nomadycznych i migrują na teren Federacji Rosyjskiej jak też w obrębie Azji Środowej do Kazachstanu. Zarabiają tu na życie żebraniem, okazjonalnie podejmują pracę na budowach, zajmują się też zbieraniem surowców wtórnych.Zasadniczą kwestią rozpatrywaną w niniejszym artykule jest ukazanie, jak te współczesne migracje wpływają na budowanie tożsamości i dobrobytu środkowoazjatyckich „Cyganów”. Przedstawiona została analiza wielopoziomowych hierarchicznie ustrukturyzowanych tożsamości „Cyganów” środkowoazjatyckich, przejawiających się w różnych kontekstach historycznych: jako „ludzi sowieckich”, członków dawnej klasy przewodniej – wiejskiego proletariatu, i jako zdeklasowanej dziś wspólnoty; jako „Cyganie” środkowoazjatyccy lub jako obywatele odnośnych republik środkowoazjatyckich podczas migracji na terenie Federacji Rosyjskiej vis a vis dominującej wspólnoty społeczeństwa rosyjskiego, jak też vis a vis Romów; a także w kontekście regionu środkowoazjatyckiego podczas migracji do Kazachstanu oraz w ich krajach ojczystych.
Źródło:
Sprawy Narodowościowe; 2015, 46
2392-2427
Pojawia się w:
Sprawy Narodowościowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The start-up of tourism in Central Asia Case of Uzbekistan
Autorzy:
Baxtishodovich, Bobur Sobirov
Suyunovich, Tukhliev Iskandar
Kholiqulov, Anvar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Central Asia
Silk Road tourism
Tourism destination
Tourism development
Opis:
The paper aims to investigate the status and progress of tourism in Central Asian countries using the example of Uzbekistan tourism industry with special reference to country’s tourism infrastructure sectors. As a Silk Road tourism destination and unique cultural, historical, archeological, and natural attractions, Central Asian States (CAS) (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) present important interest and potential for tourists from all over the world. This article makes an overview of the status of tourism industry with the aim of finding out the strategy for developing a program that enhances the strengths that these countries have in the international arena. The results serve to point out key trends and gaps in which to focus future research on this topic and also they might be useful in formulating public policies and strategies for tourism industry development.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 67, 2; 219-237
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of drip irrigation for cotton farming in Central Asia: The case of Turkmenistan
Autorzy:
Kulmedov, Begmyrat
Shcherbakov, Vladimir I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
Central Asia
cotton
drip irrigation
traditional irrigation
water resources
Opis:
The main purpose of this study is to determine the optimum water consumption for achieving water savings and obtaining good yields in cotton production, which has been expanding in Central Asia and Turkmenistan since the 1960s. In the last few decades, water resources in the region have been difficult to access, due to the expansion of agricultural activity and population growth. The oscillation of the amount of water released from dams of the Amudarya River to obtain energy for the upper countries in the winter season has been causing crises in countries of Central Asia. An experiment was carried out in an agricultural field at a cotton research centre in the Yolöten district of Turkmenistan. The experiment led to the observation that it is possible to achieve higher efficiency and lower water consumption in cotton production. At the same time, the water savings that can be achieved as a result of using the drip irrigation method in cotton production throughout the country have been calculated. The calculations have provided the basis for recommending irrigation as a solution to the problems in question.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 52; 119--123
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Increasing the Effectiveness of EU Education Assistance in Uzbekistan. Revising the EU Strategy in Light of the New Regime
Autorzy:
Peyrouse, Sebastien
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European Union
Central Asia
Uzbekistan
Education
Western assistance
authoritarianism
Opis:
The European Union has identified education in Central Asia as a key area of cooperation. However, the EU’s engagement in this area, which has faced considerable difficulties since the fall of the Soviet Union, has so far not had the desired impact. Based on a case study of Uzbekistan, I argue in this article that the EU should revise its strategy by adopting a more targeted approach, consistent with the longer-term funding it is able to commit to Central Asia and better tailored to the local social context through strong engagement with local stakeholders. Instead of imposing broad concepts designed in Brussels – which have generally not been fully accepted or implemented by local political authorities – this new approach would involve setting up specific projects with local input, such as the opening of campuses of European universities, providing financial and logistical support for school infrastructure, and increasing the involvement of potential employers. With local ownership, EU education assistance will allow a new generation in Uzbekistan to breathe life into long-term reforms by drawing on the European concepts of their instruction, rather than viewing them as imposed from outside.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2018, 3; 7-26
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Sham partnership” or “hidden competition”? The Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Central Asian region
Autorzy:
Putkaradze, Kakha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russia
Iran
Central Asia
partnership
national interests
regional cooperation
Opis:
Recent years the growing confrontation between the Russian Federation, the United States, and the EU is accompanied by Moscow’s searching the alternative allies for its diplomatic support. Iran is called one of such allies today. The Russian-Iranian relations are interesting both in terms of sectoral and geographical fields. The region of Central Asia is of particular importance. The need to consider such aspects is explained by the strengthening of Iran’s position in Central Asia as a direct zone of Russian interests in a sense of its economic, cultural, and religious presence.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 12; 99-113
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Central Asian köshks from the Islamic period before the Mongol conquest: fortified, semi-fortified or unfortified?
Autorzy:
Piekarz, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1635181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Central Asia
Middle Ages
köshks
residences
fortifications
war technique
Opis:
In their external appearance, the Islamic-period köshks in Central Asia, especially the characteristic buildings with corrugated outer walls, dated broadly speaking from the 7th–8th century AD to the times of the Mongol conquest at the beginning of the 13th century, are apparently fortified. However, they lack a number of features characteristic of defensive buildings. Their interpretation as residential structures in this period is indisputed, hence their apparent defensiveness has been attributed to a line of evolution from pre-Islamic architecture of this type, which played a military role. A review of various defensive elements present in these structures, compared with buildings from an earlier period, highlights this process. An apparent exception is the Great Kyz Kala at Merv, Turkmenistan, which may have not lost its defensive capacity immediately, as recent research by the UCL Institute of Archaeology Ancient Merv Project has demonstrated.
Źródło:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2019, 28(2); 493-508
1234-5415
Pojawia się w:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organized crime as a threat to national security
Przestępczość zorganizowana jako zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego
Autorzy:
Dalinczuk, Lana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
organized crime
national security
East Central Europe
Central Asia
Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia
Opis:
All kinds of illegal trafficking, prostitution, pornography, gambling, fraud and counterfeiting, computer crime, corruption, piracy, illegal immigration and many other criminal activities can pose a threat to national and even international security if conducted by larger criminal groups or organizations. The phenomenon of organized crime has acquired a transnational character due to the increasing globalization of financial markets and communications as well as technological development. The three countries of East Central Europe – The Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland – can be of interest in terms of organized crime as recent political and economic developments in these countries have made them attractive to such criminal activities. Another problematic region in terms of organized criminal activities is the region of Central Asia which includes several countries of the former Soviet Union – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Wszelkiego rodzaju nielegalny handel, prostytucja, pornografia, hazard, oszustwa i fałszerstwa, przestępstwa komputerowe, korupcja, piractwo, nielegalna imigracja i wiele innych działań przestępczych mogą stanowić zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego, a nawet międzynarodowego, jeśli są popełniane przez większe grupy lub organizacje przestępcze. Zjawisko przestępczości zorganizowanej nabrało charakteru ponadnarodowego w wyniku postępującej globalizacji rynków finansowych i komunikacji oraz rozwoju technologicznego. Trzy kraje Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej – Czechy, Węgry i Polska – mogą być interesujące pod względem funkcjonowania przestępczości zorganizowanej, ponieważ niedawne wydarzenia polityczne i gospodarcze w tych krajach sprawiły, że stały się one atrakcyjne dla takiej działalności przestępczej. Kolejnym problematycznym obszarem z punktu widzenia przestępczości zorganizowanej jest region Azji Środkowej, który obejmuje kilka krajów byłego Związku Radzieckiego – Kazachstan, Kirgistan, Tadżykistan, Turkmenistan i Uzbekistan.
Źródło:
DOCTRINA. Studia Społeczno-Polityczne; 2020, 17, 17; 9-20
1730-0274
Pojawia się w:
DOCTRINA. Studia Społeczno-Polityczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 62

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