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Tytuł:
Cross Cultural Awareness in International Military Operation: International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan
Autorzy:
Brudnicka, Jowita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
multiculturalism
Afghanistan
ISAF
Opis:
Multiculturalism defined as a multitude of cultures can be typified as a major trend in international relations, what is a chellenge for every participant of global affairs. The phenomen of multiculturalism is absolutely nothing new, but under conditions of progresive globalisation mechanism its importance has been appreciated.In practise multinational forces have to operate in culturally heterogeneous environment in an array of tasks to combat threats of mostly a non-military transnational nature. All the time there are a highly complex relations within coalition personnel, in cuturally diverse society living in the theatre of operation and between all them mutually.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2015, 1(21); 89-101
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Anniversary of the Taliban’s seizure of power. Should lessons be learned?
Rocznica przejęcia władzy przez Talibów. Czy należy wyciągnąć wnioski?
Autorzy:
Nourozie, Rahmattullah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32443996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Fundacja PSC
Tematy:
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
the Taliban
Opis:
It has been one year that the Taliban occupied power in Afghanistan and forced legally elected president and government to flee. This paper focuses on internal and external challenges for Afghanistan in the first anniversary of the Taliban coup and on the same type of challenges for the Taliban as governing power. Article also mentions and analyses potential threats for the regional and international community, because of unstable situation in Afghanistan.
Źródło:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne; 2022, 2(10); 39-46
2719-9851
Pojawia się w:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afghanistan’s Media Developments and Challenges in the Past Two Decades: A Short Glance at Media Freedom
Autorzy:
Masomy, Masom Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Media
democracy
Afghanistan
propaganda
Opis:
Media, during Taliban five years period from 1996-2001, had been totally suffocated. Only limited number of print media would publish to spread the propaganda of Taliban Emirate under Sharia Law. Post-Taliban era, media landscape obtained new image with the establishment of democratic government. Independent media were allowed to operate in accordance with the formation of new constitution of 2004. Afghanistan to rise and promote the voice of right, equality and justice, defend human rights and spread public awareness in order to serve for social responsibilities. Despite continued challenges media outlets and journalists have made tremendous progress which it has resulted in harm of their personal life from time to time due to threats of insecurity, war, warlords, strongmen, corrupted actors in government as well as in attacks of Taliban and ISIS insurgents. Hence, media outlets and journalists have been carrying on their responsibilities despite of availed risks to them and their families. In this paper, it has been viewed the status of media freedom, process of development and continued challenges to media freedom and journalists.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2022, 19; 64-77
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afghan migrants in Iran in modern times
Afgańscy migranci w Iranie. Sytuacja współczesna
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-18
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Afghanistan
Iran
migration
Afganistan
migracja
Opis:
For many decades Iran was a destination of economic immigration for Afghans. There, they could earn money to provide for their families at home. Since the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979, Iran also became a place of refuge for some 3 million Afghans. Their situation was changing according to the changes in the internal and international position of Iran. Sometimes the Iranian authorities were sympathetic; other times they were fiercely unsympathetic and keen to remove the Afghan "guests." So, the Afghans in Iran could not be sure how long they would be allowed to stay there, if the Iranians would be willing to support them, and if they would have work to provide for their families. This state of uncertainty of the Afghan community was worsened by an outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both the Iranian and Afghan healthcare systems are unable to effectively deal with the problem. And the economic collapse in Iran affected primarily the foreigners there of whatever stance, in this particular case, the Afghans. The main aim of the article is to present the changing and unstable situation of Afghans in Iran in recent years. The analysis covers areas such as their legal status, education, family life, or the right to work. It also takes into account, to a limited extent, the internal situation of Iran, which undoubtedly influenced the situation of Afghan migrants. Based on the analysis of the available materials, it can be concluded that the position of the Afghans in Iran was and is strongly dependent on the situation of Iran and the good or bad will of the Iranian authorities. At the same time, due to the complicated situation in Afghanistan, Afghan migrants find themselves in a hopeless situation and are "doomed" to stay in Iran.
Od dziesięcioleci Iran był dla Afgańczyków państwem zapewniającym miejsce pracy. To właśnie tutaj Afgańczycy znajdowali możliwość zarobienia pieniędzy, za które byli w stanie utrzymać swoje rodziny w kraju. Od chwili radzieckiej interwencji w Afganistanie w 1979 r. Iran stał się również miejscem schronienia dla około 3 mln afgańskich uchodźców. Sytuacja afgańskich pracowników i uchodźców ulegała zmianie w zależności od sytuacji wewnętrznej, jak i międzynarodowej Iranu. Stosunek irańskich władz do nich bywał przychylny, by wkrótce zmienić się radykalnie w stronę niechęci i prób pozbycia się afgańskich "gości". Tym samym Afgańczycy w Iranie nie mogli być pewni, jak długo będą mieli prawo tam przebywać, na jaką pomoc ze strony Irańczyków liczyć oraz czy nadal będą mieć pracę pozwalającą im utrzymać rodziny. Stan niepewności społeczności afgańskiej jeszcze bardziej pogłębił wybuch pandemii COVID-19, gdyż ani irański, ani afgański system opieki zdrowotnej nie są w stanie sobie z nią poradzić, a wobec załamania gospodarczego w Iranie pierwszymi ofiarami stali się cudzoziemcy niezależnie od ich statusu - również Afgańczycy. Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zmieniającej się i niepewnej sytuacji Afgańczyków w Iranie w ostatnich latach. Analiza dotyczy takich obszarów, jak: status prawny, edukacja, życie rodzinne czy też prawo do pracy. Uwzględniono tutaj także, oczywiście w ograniczonym zakresie, sytuację wewnętrzną Iranu, która niewątpliwie wpływała na położenie afgańskich emigrantów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy dostępnych materiałów można stwierdzić, że położenie Afgańczyków w Iranie było i jest bardzo mocno uzależnione od sytuacji Iranu i dobrej lub złej woli irańskich władz. Jednocześnie, ze względu na skomplikowaną sytuację Afganistanu, afgańscy emigranci znajdują się w sytuacji bez wyjścia i są "skazani" na pobyt w Iranie.
Źródło:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej; 2020, 7, 4(28); 9-30
2391-6389
2719-7131
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostics of intestinal parasites in light microscopy among the population of children in eastern Afghanistan
Autorzy:
Korzeniewski, Krzysztof
Smoleń, Agata
Augustynowicz, Alina
Lass, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
afghanistan
intestinal parasites
light microscopy
Opis:
Objectives. The Afghans, living in poor socioeconomic conditions, are estimated to be a community with a high rate of intestinal parasitic infections. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and species of intestinal parasites among children’s population in eastern Afghanistan and to present the methods of optimizing the techniques for identification of pathogens in light microscopy. The research was carried out as a part of humanitarian project Capacity building of health care system in Ghazni Province. Materials and method. The study involved 500 children aged 7–18 attending the Share Kona and the Khuija Ali High Schools in Ghazni, eastern Afghanistan in the period November 2013-April 2014. Three stool samples were collected from each patient at 2-day intervals, the samples were fixed in 10% formalin, transported to the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland, where they were pooled and examined using five different diagnostic methods in light microscopy (direct smear in Lugol’s solution, Fülleborne’s flotation, decantation in distilled water, Kato-Miura thick smear, and DiaSys/PARASYS sedimentation system). Results. Pathogenic intestinal parasites were detected in 217 patients (43.4%), with the most common Ascaris lumbricoides (35.3%), Giardia intestinalis (31.1%), and Hymenolepis nana (15.7%). The use of direct smear method allowed for the detection of intestinal parasites in 161 individuals. The application of four following testing methods has improved the detection rates of infected patients by 11.2%. Conclusions. The variety of detected intestinal pathogens in examined children’s population has required the use of combination of multiple diagnostic methods in light microscopy, and finally improved the detection rates of intestinal parasites and helped eliminate infections with nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, and protozoa using appropriate treatment in the study population.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2016, 23, 4
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Current status of intestinal parasitic infections among inhabitants of the Ghazni and Parwan provinces, Afghanistan
Autorzy:
Korzeniewski, Krzysztof
Chin Chung, Won
Augustynowicz, Alina
Lass, Anna
Jong IK, Kim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
Tematy:
intestinal parasites
helminths
protozoa
Afghanistan.
Źródło:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2017, 1; 23-28
1734-3402
Pojawia się w:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Post 2010 Afghanistan-Pakistan’s Transit Trade: Implications of Legal and Illegal Endeavours
Autorzy:
Shah, Syed Subtian Hussain
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628773.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Transit trade, Implications
Opis:
Aim. The aim of this article is to analyse legal and illegal trade between Afghanistan and Pakistan in the post 2010 era. According to the complex interdependence, the region is witnessing a regional security complex and the relationship between the actors is characterised by both cooperation and competition (Rana, 2015). In these circumstances, the national security defines in a narrower sense of protection of a nation from physical attack and safeguarding its economic activities from devastating outside threats (Gandhi, 2010). Both Pakistan and Afghanistan are pursuing their own national interests in the context of national security and sometimes, their national security interests compete with each other. Method. The qualitative method of research was employed to analyse the implications of legal and illegal trade between Afghanistan-Pakistan in post 2010 era. The data was collected from different sources including books, scientific journals, research articles, newspapers and websites. Results. By using various valuable references, it has been verified that beside the political and geological factors, low prices of the smuggled items and corruption are also main reasons of exploitation of the Afghan’s transit trade. It has created bad impact on Pakistan’s economy and well as it is still threatening other national interests of the country. Conclusion. The study confirms that the menace of smuggling can be decreased through durable policies and well-connected measures. A checks and balances system should be activated in the context in Pakistan and differences with Afghanistan’s government should be decreased through a bilateral dialogue process.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2018, 9, 2; 248-258
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afghanistan’s Civil War (1979-1989): Illegal and Failed Foreign Interventions
Autorzy:
Terry, Patrick C. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Afghanistan
Soviet Union
USRR
civil war
Opis:
For about ten years now people in NATO member states have, on a daily basis, been confronted with the faltering attempts by their troops to create a semblance of stability in Afghanistan. It is now widely recognized that Afghanistan has become an intractable international problem. This article, however, focuses on previous attempts to impose solutions. Beginning in the late 1970s and continuing throughout the 1980s, the two Cold War superpowers, the USSR and the USA, intervened in Afghanistan’s affairs. In this article the legality, under international law, of those efforts is examined. This requires an extensive analysis of international law as applicable to external interventions in civil wars. It will be demonstrated that neither the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan, nor the USA’s massive support of the Afghan rebels, was reconcilable with international law. Considering the fact that these ill-advised interventions in Afghanistan backfired on both superpowers, they constitute a good object lesson to demonstrate that the prohibition of external interventions in civil wars not only reflects what international law demands, but is also simple common sense. Recent interventions in Bahrain and Libya are also briefly examined as to their legality, and this examination includes projections whether the unsatisfactory results of the Afghanistan interventions will be replicated there.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2011, 31; 107-164
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
President of the state in the Afghan Constitutions
Prezydent państwa w afgańskiej konstytucji
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1185216.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-02
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Afghanistan
president
Constitution
Afganistan
prezydent
konstytucja
Opis:
The institution of the president exists in the majority of the countries of the western world. Depending on the prerogatives granted by the constitution, the president may perform either a representative function or have the real power. No matter what the role of the president is, the position is deeply embedded in the political system, and the constitutional law as well as political practice specify its scope of competencies and capabilities. When we go beyond the Euro-Atlantic area, we can also find the states where an office of president is run. While its formation, Asian, African and South American societies, consciously or not, usually emulated the Euro-Atlantic experiences. In general, historical background of the non-European states, however, makes the history of the presidential office shorter, and the introduction of this position was often a result of violent sociopolitical changes. What often distinguishes the presidencies of the African and Asian countries from the Euro-Atlantic ones is their instability - in running this office a lot depends on the personality traits of the person holding it as well as on the tradition (or lack thereof) of strong central governance. On that premise, the presidency history of a non-European state, i.e. Afghanistan can be presented. This is an interesting case since the above mentioned factors are clearly visible in here, and the state's internal political situation is unstable. In addition, as the international forces are supposed to be withdrawn from the country until the end of 2014, the president may then become the main body formulating public policy and, thus, shaping the future of Afghanistan.
W większości państw świata zachodniego funkcjonuje instytucja prezydenta. W zależności od prerogatyw przyznanych mu przez konstytucję, jest on albo reprezentantem swojego państwa, albo też dysponuje realną władzą. Niezależnie od tego, jaką funkcję pełni prezydent, urząd ten jest mocno usadowiony w systemie politycznym, a przepisy konstytucyjne i praktyka polityczna precyzują zakres jego kompetencji i możliwości działania. Poza strefą euroatlantycką także spotykamy się z państwami, w których istnieje urząd prezydenta. Zazwyczaj przy jego kształtowaniu, świadomie lub nie, społeczeństwa Azji, Afryki czy Ameryki Południowej czerpały z euroatlantyckich doświadczeń. Jednak doświadczenia historyczne państw pozaeuropejskich sprawiają, że urząd ten ma tam z reguły znacznie krótszą tradycję, a jego wprowadzenie często było efektem gwałtownych przemian społeczno-politycznych. Tym, co często odróżnia prezydentury państw afrykańskich i azjatyckich od euroatlantyckich jest ich niestabilność - przy sprawowaniu urzędu wiele zależy od osobowości i cech charakteru osoby sprawującej urząd, jak również od tradycji (lub jej braku) silnej władzy centralnej. Posługując się tymi przesłankami można przedstawić tradycje prezydenckie takiego państwa pozaeuropejskiego jak Afganistan. Jest to ciekawy przypadek, gdyż bardzo wyraźnie widać w nim wspomniane uwarunkowania, a sytuacja wewnętrzna państwa jest niestabilna. Dodatkowo, ze względu na plan wycofania sił międzynarodowych z tego kraju do końca 2014 r., prezydent może stać się głównym podmiotem kreującym politykę publiczną, a co za tym idzie, przyszłość Afganistanu.
Źródło:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej; 2015, 2, 1(5); 137-157
2391-6389
2719-7131
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland’s engagement in the development of Ghazni province in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in the aspect of tasks carried out by the prt specialists team of the Polish Military Contingent. Part 1
Autorzy:
Chabielski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93336.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
PRT
ISAF
Afghanistan
civil-military cooperation
Opis:
The operational activities of the PRT specialists Teams were of great importance to the achievement of military and political goals during the operation of the Polish Military Contingents. The author analyses operational tasks conducted by the soldiers and civilians of the PRT Specialists Teams, which indirectly influenced the improvement of the functioning of the Ghazni administration environment. The author emphasises the importance of the operational activity of the PRT Specialists’ Teams, which determined the direction of changes resulting from the improvement of the conditions of the administration’s activities, which significantly shifted into development.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej; 2018, 3(112); 79-89
2543-6937
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian-Chinese cooperation and competition in Afghanistan and its implications for Central Asia
Autorzy:
Aliyev, Nurlan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Russia
China
Afghanistan
Central Asia
the Taliban
Opis:
This paper aims to explore current and perspective trends of relations between Russia and China in Afghanistan and Central Asia. It also analyzes whether the withdrawal of the U.S. and the subsequent Taliban takeover helped—and continues to help—strengthen the two powers’ positions in the region and what kind of challenges and benefits they face. The paper examines the hypothesis that the U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan and the Taliban’s return to power added to Russia and China’s benefits in the region. The research uses content analysis regarding official documents, political and military elite speeches, interviews, and reports to explain Russia and China’s official positions and policies regarding Afghanistan and Central Asia. Relations between the two powers as regards Afghanistan and Central Asia are comparatively analyzed. The paper uses the neorealist approach, which is fit for explaining relations between Russia and China in Afghanistan and Central Asia. After the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, regional security is now the business of the regional powers, mainly China and Russia. Now they should bear the responsibilities and share the burdens. There is probably more ground for competition after eliminating the threats in Afghanistan and especially in Central Asia for Moscow and Beijing. However, Russia and China will continue to try to align their interests in Afghanistan and Central Asia, especially if their relations with U.S. remain at the current level or worsen in the coming years. Based on the findings, this paper argues that, on the one hand, Russia and China continue to try to take advantage of the instability in the region by stepping up their security and economic influences in Central Asia. However, their stabilizing efforts in Afghanistan following the withdrawal of the U.S., ironically may increase competition between China and Russia.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2022, 58; 94-115
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afghanistan’s Transboundary Rivers and Regional Security
Autorzy:
Yıldız, Dursun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Afghanistan’s Transboundary Rivers
Central Asian Hydropolitics
Central Asia’s Water
Hydro Politics of Afghanistan
Regional Water Security
Opis:
Aside from the issues peace and stability, one of Afghanistan’s most vital needs is safe and reliable supplies of water. But Afghanistan faces certain economic, political, institutional problems to develop water resources potential. These problems will increase as the years go by. Afghanistan is one of the world’s poorest countries, with an economy largely based on subsistence agriculture. Afghan farmers depend on reliable, year-round sources of surface water and groundwater. Seasonal flows of streams and rivers fed by melting snowpack high in Afghanistan’s mountains recharge alluvial aquifers located in populated valleys and provide city dwellers with drinking water. The current population of Afghanistan is about 31 million and it is projected to increase by nearly 80 percent by the year 2050 to approximately 56 million. This will raise demand on the country’s already economic stressed water resources. Almost all of the river basins are transboundary in the country. The Country due to the political unrest has not participated in many of the agreements regulating water resources in Central Asia. its current “non-player” and "outsider" status of the Central Asian Hydropolitics has to be changed when starting water resources development. This could create an international dispute in future regional water sharing discussions. In addition, recent research suggests that global climate change could alter precipitation patterns in Afghanistan. In particular, both the amount and the timing of snowfall received at higher elevations could change, impacting the major source of water for many areas in Afghanistan. Development of Afghanistan’s most transboundary water resources is a vital need for its own national interest, but it is also directly related with a transboundary water management dispute issue in the region. In other words, Afghanistan should find the best way to develop its transboundary water resources for national development as well as peace and stability of the region. But this development won't be so easy if current amount of water use of riparian states will be same when Afghanistan plans to release smaller amount of water.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2015, 16; 40-52
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Potential of Selected Central Asian States to Provide Security in Crises
Potencjał wybranych państw Azji Środkowej do zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa w sytuacjach kryzysowych
Autorzy:
Pachucki-Włosek, Krystian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30147208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
the Taliban
security
talibowie
bezpieczeństwo
Opis:
This article aims to introduce the activities of selected Central Asian countries – having a direct border with Afghanistan, i.e. Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan – to ensure security after the change of power in Kabul. Familiarisation with the subject matter made it possible to pose the following research questions: 1) Do the selected Central Asian states show predestination to pursue an independent policy towards the Afghan problem? 2) Has the Taliban’s seizure of control of the country been reflected in the strengthening of the position of China, the United States and Russia in the region? 3) ) Has the Taliban’s seizure of control of the country been reflected in the strengthening of the position of China, the United States and Russia in the region?? The collected materials in the form of official government communiqués and press releases provided the key to analyzing the selected actions of state bodies in the situation of increasing threat, tracing the attempts to expand cooperation with subjects of international law understood as states and international organizations. While highlighting the issues of maintaining internal order, it was impossible to omit the issue of the military potential of the state, influencing the security strategy planning process. The main research methods used while creating the article were: synthesis through causal association, analogy, induction and deduction.
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie działań wybranych państw Azji Centralnej – posiadających bezpośrednią granicę z Afganistanem tzn. Turkmenistan, Tadżykistan i Uzbekistan – dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa po zmianie władzy w Kabulu. Zapoznanie się z tematyką umożliwiło postawienie następujących pytań badawczych: 1) Czy wybrane państwa Azji Centralnej wykazują predestynację do prowadzenia niezależnej polityki wobec problemu afgańskiego? 2) Czy przejęcie kontroli nad krajem przez Taliban znalazło swoje odzwierciedlenie w umocnieniu pozycji Chin, Stanów Zjednoczonych i Rosji w regionie? 3) Czy decydenci polityczni Turkmenistanu, Tadżykistanu i Uzbekistanu prowadzą racjonalną politykę wobec talibów? Zebrane materiały w postaci oficjalnych komunikatów rządowych i informacji prasowych zapewniły klucz do przeanalizowania wyselekcjonowanych działań organów państwowych w sytuacji wzrostu zagrożenia, prześledzenia prób poszerzenia współpracy z podmiotami prawa międzynarodowego rozumianymi jako państwa i organizacje międzynarodowe. Naświetlając kwestie utrzymania porządku wewnętrznego, niemożliwe było pominięcie zagadnienia potencjału militarnego państwa, wpływającego na proces planowania strategii bezpieczeństwa. Głównymi metodami badawczymi wykorzystanymi podczas tworzenia artykułu były: synteza poprzez kojarzenie przyczynowe, analogia, indukcja i dedukcja.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2022, 15; 227-242
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecological threats to security and state resilience in Afghanistan
Autorzy:
Gauster, Markus
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194402.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
climate change
Afghanistan
crisis management
water stress
human security
Opis:
This work explores ecological and climate-related threats to Afghanistan and discusses support approaches from a European Crisis Management (ECM) perspective. It goes beyond the much-debated troop withdrawal, COVID-19 crisis and peace negotiations and opens an underestimated topic: ‘Climate Change Assistance’. The article aims to advance knowledge on the effects of climate change on human security in Afghanistan and advocates a conflict-sensitive approach. To this end, a climate-related assessment of the human security situation was undertaken and several threat scenarios, options and solutions for enhancing state resilience were developed. The bases for this research were several field trips undertaken by the author since 2004, workshops and an extensive literature review. As a result, it can be stated that the negative impacts of climate change and pollution on Afghanistan’s security and development architecture are massive and make ECM efforts very complex. However, several capacity-building initiatives for military, diplomatic, humanitarian and local stakeholders were identified. On the regional level, this includes the support for early warning systems and hydro-diplomacy with Pakistan, Iran and India. On the local level, the support for community water management and environmental protection matters, while building upon traditional Afghan mechanisms for handling water crises or disasters. Another outcome is the need for more in-depth research in this field as some findings are also useful for other fragile states. The paper argues that there is an urgent need for ECM to respond to the devastating effects of climate change in Afghanistan and identifies several smart opportunities to tackle some root causes of the conflict.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2021, 33, 1; 31-40
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afghanistan Ordinary state, failed state, or something else?
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
Afghanistan
fragile state
failed state
decentralized state
president
Taliban
Opis:
Objectives: Analysys of Afghan state as interesting and unique case of the failed state, with has strong historical roots. It is also very important question of Euro-Atlantic approach to internal problems of Afghanistan and understanding that this state belonging to other - Islamic - traditions. Material and methods: The main sources uses to analyse the problems of Afghan state are historical sources, like documents from National Archive (London) and books fom 19th century, current books, press materials (especially from Afghanistan) and reports from renowned international organizations. Results: n broad terms, the article will contribute to the understending the specifical situation of institutions, government and president in Afghanistan. Conclusions: The closing conclusions is that the Euro-Atlantic approach to Afghan state and its problems is wrong and it is an obstacle to understanding challenges and finally may even be harmful. This attitude is very dangerous if we take in to account the Taliban and ISIS activities in the region.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 43, 4; 101-117
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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