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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 286
Tytuł:
E-commerce in Turkey
Autorzy:
Stefaniuk, Tomasz
Çalişkan, Betül
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
E-commerce in Turkey
E-commerce
Turkey
Opis:
E-commerce (electronic commerce), although it is a relatively young branch of the economy, has caused that more and more business processes are transferred to the Internet. The dynamic development of e-commerce is evidenced by the several-dozen-percent increase in its users every year. The article presents the outline of the e-commerce market in Turkey. It presents the essence of E-commerce, the history of its development in Turkey and the current state of e-commerce in this country, in comparison with other countries. Attention was also paid to conditions that create good prospects for its growth.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach; 2018, 46, 119; 51-56
2082-5501
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkey’s Presence in the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence in the Context of Turkey’s Soft Power
Autorzy:
Szyszlak, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Istanbul Convention
Turkey
soft power
Turkey’s soft power
Opis:
The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, commonly known as the Istanbul Convention, and in Poland also as the anti-violence convention, was opened for signature in Istanbul on May 11, 2011. Turkey was one of the first countries to sign and ratify the document. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, then as Prime Minister-in-Office, was one of the great advocates of Ankara ratifying the Convention. However, the politician, already as president, “celebrated” the Republic’s decade-long presence in the Convention by signing a decree in March 2021 annulling Turkey’s ratification of the document. The text aims to analyse Turkey’s involvement in the preparation and subsequent adoption of the Istanbul Convention in the context of building Turkish soft power on the Old Continent. The text structure is as follows: the first part will define the concept of soft power and analyse the evolution of Turkish soft power. Then, the Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence will be described, and the next part will chronologically describe the presence of the Republic in the Convention. The last part analyses Turkey’s activities related to the preparation and adoption of the Istanbul Convention in the context of building Turkish soft power in Europe.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2022, 40 (47); 73-89
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INTERNET BANKING USAGE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON TURKISH CONSUMERS
Autorzy:
İlter, Burcu
Saatçıoğlu, Ömür Y.
Kuruoğlu, Emel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Internet Banking
Turkey
Opis:
Turkey has a developed banking sector which has a very important place in Turkish economy. Internet banking applications started in 1997. Though it does not have a long history it has a very huge potential in the Turkish market. The aim of this paper is to explore if demographical factors are important in identifying the target customers for internet banking; to identify the perception of consumers regarding the attributes of internet banking usage; and to check if consumers perceive internet banking as a useful alternative channel. For this, an empirical research was conducted on 506 internet users over the age of 18, and two different clusters of non-users of internet banking and three different clusters for users of internet banking were identified, based on the demographic characteristics of respondents, which could be a valuable tool for marketing managers for identifying their segmentation and positioning strategies. Five factors were found to be as attributes of internet banking usage. Among the five factors, “security and trust” was found to be the factor that had the highest factor load for Internet banking usage. Finally, the discriminant analysis carried out reveals clues for bank managers about how to identify potential Internet bank users.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2011, 4, 1-2; 1-25
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations between the Republic of Turkey and the United States at the Present Stage and Their Impact on Georgia
Autorzy:
Makaradze, Emzar
Makaradze, Beka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Turkey
USA
Georgia
Opis:
At the beginning of the 21st century, Turkish-American relations attracted serious attention of the international community. Since the end of the Cold War, relations between the Turkish Republic and the United States have focused on security. The foreign policy of the two countries from time to time pursued common and sometimes very different goals. In parallel with this, periods of ups and downs were observed in economic relations. It was the goal of achieving security that determined the cooperation between these two countries. On the one hand, there was the leader of one of the two poles during the Cold War – the United States, and on the other – Turkey, a country with significant influence in the Middle East, but strongly dependent on the United States. In the 2000s, disagreements between Turkey and the United States, two NATO members, were not in Georgia’s interests. Turkey and the United States are Georgia’s partner countries. The United States is Georgia’s strategic partner and Turkey is one of its largest trading partners. Despite tensions between Turkey and the United States, the latter is not expected to harm Georgia’s bilateral relations. According to Washington, Georgia’s rapprochement with Iran will be a more serious problem than the issue with Turkey, especially if Georgia violates sanctions against Iran.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2021, 38 (45); 65-70
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coevolution of Paleo-Tethys and Rheic: New tectonic constraints from Iran and Turkey
Autorzy:
Chu, Yang
Wan, Bo
Lin, Wei
Allen, Mark B.
Talebian, Morteza
Uysal, Ibrahim
Xin, Guangyao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
tectonics
Iran
Turkey
Opis:
In the Paleozoic, one large ocean once separated the Eurasia of the north and the Gondwana of the south, but it has two names, Paleo-Tethys and Rheic, suggesting different tectonic history. The Paleo-Tethys represent the ocean from east Asia to Middle East regions and vanished in Early Mesozoic, while the Rheic existed across the Europe and finally closed in Carboniferous. The two oceans coevolved for a long time, but the interaction and mutual effect at subduction and collision stages are not well understood. Initiation processes of ocean spreading, subduction and collision are crucial in plate tectonics, so resolving the timing for these turning points may greatly enhanced the precision and accuracy of reconstruction of the two oceans, especially for the western Paleo-Tethys. In NE Iran, we find that all the Paleozoic clastic rocks record two major zircon U-Pb age groups peaked at ~800 Ma and ~600 Ma. Consistency in age patterns show a dominant provenance from Neoproterozoic basement of the north Gondwana and a long-lasting passive margin sedimentation after the spreading of the Paleo-Tethys. This environment was interrupted by initial collision between the Turan (Eurasia) and Central Iran (Gondwana) Blocks with massive coarse clastic deposition, i.e. the protolith of the Mashhad Phyllite, in a peripheral foreland basin on the Paleozoic passive margin. The Mashhad Phyllite yields a striking provenance change from passive margin to active margin. The Paleozoic ages reveal a long-lived subduction zone at the south Turan Block initiated since the latest Ordovician. More importantly, the provenance shift better constrains the initial collision timing with the maximum deposition age of the Mashhad Phyllite (~228 Ma) refining the evolution history of Paleo-Tethys. Based on our new results and previous data, we compare the tectonic history of the Paleo-Tethys in its western segment with eastern Rheic, and further discuss the interaction between the Rheic and Paleo-Tethys. We find existence of a lateral subduction zone plays a crucial rule in initiating new subduction zone after an old oceanic plate vanishes and two continents collides, while a lateral collision can also result into shallowing of subducted slab and preservation of coeval compressional structures. These new insights help us to better interpret the emplacement of high-pressure metamorphic rocks during subduction and subduction zone jump when the Rheic and Paleo-Tethys coevolved.
Źródło:
Geotourism / Geoturystyka; 2023, 1-2 (72-73); 15--15
1731-0830
Pojawia się w:
Geotourism / Geoturystyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical Education in Turkey
Autorzy:
Hasırcı, Seyhan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/449206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Opolska. Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Fizjoterapii
Tematy:
physical education
Turkey
Opis:
By the establishment of a special unit established within the Ministry of Education, called the “Maarif-I Umumiye Nezareti” [1] in 1871 and the reforms emerged in 1924 when the tasks of this special unit were taken by the Ministry of Education itself have triggered numerous variations on physical education teacher’s education. In Turkey it has been possible to study physical education in order to give lessons at schools since 1915, yet only male students above 18 have been permitted to these studies [10]. Between 1908 and 1920 there was another reform of physical education and as a consequence of Selim Sırrı Tarcanin’s efforts physical education at schools became much more important than before. In 1933 an institute for the education of physical education teachers was established at the college of education in Ankara, where female students were admitted access for the first time. Then, some additional sports academies were founded during the 1970’s and 1980’s. Between 1975–1976 the very first implementation of physical education in universities has been realized by Ege University through its Sports Academy. In 1982, physical education studies into the curriculum of common universities were reintegrated so that now there are 65 institutes for physical education at all of the country’s universities [4]. The candidates who want to study PE teacher’s education at universities are tested for specific criteria as their physical appearance and their basic skills in athletic games and gymnastics. If these students are accepted to this programme, they will be garanted a four-year bachelor degree including a schedule above 140 credits with the aim of being a physical education teacher [5].
Źródło:
Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective; 2012, 1, 2; 27-35
2084-7971
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Railways carry Turkey to the future
Autorzy:
Apaydin, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/251019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
Turkey
railway
kolej
Turcja
Opis:
The race of railways which started in Europe in the early years of 1800’s is becoming more and more important day by day due to clean and cheap energy consumption, its environment-friendly and noise-sensitive position. The global race on rails that affects the world, notably the European and Far Asian countries, continues with increasing momentum. The developing technology has also affected the railway industry and has made the speed and comfort of trains race against aircraft.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2018, 4EN; 4-6
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regions and regional planning in Turkey
Regiony i planowanie regionalne w Turcji
Autorzy:
Karakayacı, Özer
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Turkey
regional planning
regions
Opis:
Region is evaluated as a spatial unit which defines the economic-social structure and in which the planning processes like determining, implementing, managing and inspecting the regional development strategies and politics changing within the scope of paradigm changes are carried out. In Turkey, experience related to regional development politics goes back to the 1960s; it has been analysed to what extent regional planning and the concept of a region are affected by the changing processes which are experienced in economic and social structure, according to which criteria the borders for regional planning are determined and the role of these borders in the success of regional politics. According to the results, being unable to provide the interaction between regional planning and the meaning attributed to the concept of a region is the main factor in the non-occurrence of the success which has been aimed in regional development politics although regional planning and the concepts of a region are affected from the paradigm changes.
Źródło:
Biblioteka Regionalisty; 2015, 15; 33-46
2081-4461
Pojawia się w:
Biblioteka Regionalisty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkey – the big winner or the big loser of the Russo-Ukrainian war?
Autorzy:
Olszowska, Karolina Wanda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20435149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Turkey
Ukraine
Russia
war
Opis:
More than a year after the Russian aggression against Ukraine, a little can already be said about Turkey‘s attitude and the consequences of the conflict for Ankara. Turkey is balancing between Moscow and Kiev, trying to gain ground as a mediator, but also looking after its interests, especially economic ones. The text aims to analyse Turkish-Russian and Turkish-Ukrainian relations, especially since the outbreak of the war, and to answer the question of what the possible consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war are for Turkey, whether it will be the big winner or rather the big loser of the situation.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2023, XX, 1; 93-102
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Youth unemployment and crime: an empirical investigation for Turkey
Autorzy:
Tunca, Halil
Gulel, Ferda Esin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
crime economy
Turkey
survey
Opis:
The crime economy has lately become a popular field of research because of regular increases in crime rates. Economists’ interest in crime analysis goes back to Becker’s (1968) model. “Cost‑benefit” analysis determined the crime preferences of rational individuals in this model. According to this analysis, if the benefit from the crime is higher than the cost to be faced, the individual will be willing to commit the crime. One of the factors studied in the crime phenomenon is migration. The main reason for migration is unemployment and poverty. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between youth unemployment and crime rates by migration-receiving regions. By this purpose, aggregated crime rates, as well as non-aggregated crime rates (property crime, theft, and violent crime), were used. Also, the youth unemployment rate has been subdivided by gender differences and educational levels. We prefer to use spatial econometrics models in this study because of the unemployment rate, and crime rate showing the regional cluster pattern. Migration-receiving is considered as regions neighboring.
Źródło:
Managerial Economics; 2019, 20, 1; 27-42
1898-1143
Pojawia się w:
Managerial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polonezköy
Autorzy:
Marszałek-Kawa, Joanna
Burak, Ahmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Turkey
Istanbul
Polonezköy-Adampol
Opis:
There is a village on the Asian shore of the Bosphorus, initially called Adampol, but now known as Polonezköy. The Polish village is located 40 km. east of Istanbul, and was established by Poles in the nineteenth century as a shelter for the country’s immigrant community. This bound the destinies of many Poles with Turkey in the nineteenth century. Once people described the village „Soplicowo on the Bosporus”. Although the Polish village in Turkey has lost much of its original character through time, it remains one of the most extraordinary centres of Polish immigrants in the world (Wyszynska, 2016). This paper analyzes the main problems in Polonezköy and investigates how Polonezköy takes an important place in bilateral relations between Turkey and Poland.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 2(112); 9-20
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE POTANTIAL OF POLISH - TURKISH TRADE DEVELOPMENT
Autorzy:
Jeliński, Bohdan J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
International Trade
Polska
Turkey
Opis:
The Turkish – Polish economic relations are based on a partly common history and on a similar strategy of economy development. Both countries have a comparable Gross Domestic Product and foreign trade turnover. The transformation of Polish economy and membership in European Union, create new possibilities for prosperous future economic co-operation between two countries.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2008, 1, 2; 275-287
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The perspective of immunoprophylaxis and selected immunological issues in the course of the turkey rhinotracheitis
Autorzy:
Smialek, M.
Tykalowski, B.
Stenzel, T.
Koncicki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
perspective
immunoprophylaxis
turkey rhinotracheitis
animal infection
vaccination
upper respiratory tract
animal disease
turkey
Opis:
This review article presents immunological issues in the course of the turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) emphasizing local immunity mechanisms, both humoral and cell-mediated, in the upper respiratory system. Studies on the influence of the humoral immunity in the course of infection and vaccinations against TRT have revealed many times the absence of correlation between the titre of specific IgY anti-aMPV (avian Metapneumovirus) antibodies in the serum and in the upper respiratory washings and the immunity against the occurrence of the clinical form of the TRT. Considering the above, T cells are increasingly often regarded as the main factor involved in the upper respiratory immunity against the TRT. However, there have been just a few reports on the role of the T cells in the local immunity processes in the infection with aMPV in turkeys. Additionally, studies of the T-cell-associated immunity against the TRT have given ambiguous results. Immunoprophylaxis issues against the aMPV infections are a significant part of the work where the authors confront current vaccination programmes against the perspectives of use of the future vaccines against the TRT. Future vaccines should face the following criteria: absence of the risk of immunosuppressive effect and reversion of vaccine strains virulence, ease-of-use combined with the possibility of administration of the vaccine to the large numbers of turkeys. The leading role in future vaccination programs for birds against the TRT is likely to be played by the in ovo technique and the recombinant vaccines. Great hopes are also linked with the development of subunit vaccines against the aMPV.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2012, 15, 1
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN TURKEY
Autorzy:
Demircioğlu, Aytekin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
education
religious education
education in Turkey
religious education in Turkey
religious education challenges
Opis:
Aim. In this study, the challenges encountered during the introduction of religious education in Turkey are examined within the scope of their intended solutions. Methods. In this study, challenges encountered in the implementation of religious education in Turkey are being discussed in a descriptive manner. Literature scanning and interpretation methods, one of the qualitative research methods, were used in the study.  Results. Religious education in Turkey is both maintained within the formal education system and the non-formal education system. Formal education is provided in public schools run by the Ministry of National Education [MNE]. Primary, secondary and high school education is compulsory for all students. There are Imam Hatip Schools that were opened to provide religious education at secondary and high school level. There are also two hours of compulsory religious education per week in other schools. Non-formal religious education is provided only by the Presidency of Religious Affairs [PRA]. This training is given to people of all ages. For this purpose, the PRA opens several courses. Conclusions. In this study, challenges encountered related to religious education in Turkey are being discussed in two main areas: Challenges in formal education are examined under seven subtitles. Challenges in non-formal education are examined under eight subtitles. Originality. This study is an original study in terms of addressing the challenges in formal and non-formal religious education together. In addition, the possibility of making a collective examination of challenges related to religious education in Turkey would be valuable to the reader.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2020, 11, 2; 474-489
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkey and the European Union: the Saga of the 50 Years-Long Accession Negotiations
Autorzy:
Alptekin, Ayfer
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-15
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
Turkey
EU
Negotiations
European Union
Opis:
The EU-Turkey relations date back to 1960s when the European project started. With the Ankara Agreement of 12 September 1963, Turkey became an Associate member of the European Economic Community which was then an economic organisation from which today’s EU emerged. The EU’s December 1997 sidelining of Turkey’s application for full membership turned the direction on 3 October 2005 and Turkey begin its accession negotiations with the EU. Since then there is still ongoing debate based on cultural, economic and political assessment whether Turkey will fit to be a member of the EU. From the perspective of the institutional norms of Copenhangen criteria, the EU could possibly embrace all countries, regardless of culture, religion and historical background. The EU’s uncompleted institutional structure gives rise some spatial, temporal and thematic scopes which introduce some new accession criteria such as European state, European identity, absorption capacity, open-ended process and approval of the member states which will make more complicated Turkey’s full membership bid to the EU. Despite Turkey’s institutional reforms which bring the country that much closer towards fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria and its dynacmic economy which makes Turkey as the second country that fits the Maastricht criteria in Europe, European politicians and citizens remain deeply divided on Turkey’s accession bid to the EU as a full member. As a consequence, the alternative accession proposals which depreciate the full membership of Turkey are argued by the EU’s core members. The purpose of this article is to answer the vague accession criteria, the different accession proposals towards Turkey and explain the new bargaining position of Turkey for its accession bid to the EU. The exclusion of Turkey from the EU’s enlargement process will be evaluated by different theoretical approaches which constitute the interplay of the liberal intergovernmentalism, historical institutionalism and path dependency process, rationalist approaches and sociological institutionalism.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2016, 2, 1; 19-62
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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