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Tytuł:
Managing effective labor market entry: proactive coping and self-employment intention among Polish small business owners
Autorzy:
Ślebarska, Katarzyna
Stremska, Aneta
Kowalski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40570872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Self-employment intention
Proactive coping
Entrepreneurship
Self-employment performance
Opis:
Purpose – Self-employment is considered one of the responses to precarious employment, particularly among those who lost jobs during an economic crisis. Although starting a new business is widely available, operating new ventures remains challenging. This article aims to explore the premises of self-employment success, namely self-employment intention and proactive coping as crucial predictors of further performance. Design/methodology/approach – The authors recruited participants among initially unemployed individuals who participated in the entrepreneurial program aimed at creating self-employment. Since entrepreneurs are expected to have specific personal characteristics important for performance, the authors assessed proactive coping as the key factor for self-employment intention. Findings – The results depicted proactive coping as crucial in performing own ventures in the long run, which suggests that self-employment intention may change over time. Practical implications – Proactive coping is particularly appropriate for self-employed at any stage of the entrepreneurial process because it maintains the intention to perform own business. Thus, the findings underline the need for proactive coping training for entrepreneurs, particularly those previously unemployed. Originality/value – As the self-employment intention may differ in time, the importance of being proactive in operating small businesses increases.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2023, 31, 1; 115-129
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Macro determinants of the income underreporting by the self-employed
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
self-employment
income underreporting
taxation
Opis:
Purpose - The aim of the article is to indicate the macro factors shaping the phenomenon of concealing income by self-employed workers. Research method - This article uses the comparative analysis method together with an analysis of critical literature. The empirical element employs dependency analysis methods. Results - The conducted analyses indicate the lack of a relationship between the level of economic development of the state and the scale of the phenomenon of income concealment. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that there is no evidence of a correlation between the level of unemployment and the rate of self-employment and the scale of income concealment by self-employed people. The results of the conducted analyses allowed the identification of two paradoxes. The first consists in the existence of a negative relationship between the scale of income concealment and the size of the grey economy, while the second consists in the occurrence of a positive relationship between the friendliness of the tax system for entrepreneurs and the scale of lowering the tax base. Originality /value / implications /recommendations - The article supplements an existing research gap. The research undertaken thus far concerned the analysis of factors influencing the international diversity of the grey sphere size. However, no detailed analysis was carried out regarding the impact of macro factors on the shaping of the grey economy, including the lowering of incomes by self-employed workers. The original contribution of the article is also the study of the relationship between the size of the phenomenon of income understatement and the size of the grey economy.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2020, 4(102); 15-26
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dependent Self-Employment in the Light of the Constitutional Principle of Work Protection
Autorzy:
Ludera-Ruszel, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
self-employment
dependent self-employment
labour law
principle of work protection
Constitution of the Republic of Poland
Opis:
A major problem pertaining to the operation of dependent self-employed entrepreneurs on the labour market in Poland is determination of the scope of legal protection granted to them. Under the Polish law, dependent self-employed persons do not enjoy any special legal protection, unlike employees who are bound by an employment relationship. The question therefore arises what – in the light of constitutional principle of work protection – the model of such protection should be, and in particular, whether the character of such work relationship makes it necessary to create of a separate legal category encompassing dependent self-employment and to provide this group with legal protection similar to the protection already enjoyed by employees bound by employment relationship.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2017, 27, 1; 41-57
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Self-employment of Women in Azerbaijan
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1633673.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Azerbaijan
Women
Wages
Self-employment
State Aid
Opis:
Azerbaijan has a population of more than 10 million, of which women accounted for 50% in 2020. At the same time, 93% of Azerbaijan's citizens describe themselves as Muslims. Since the beginning of independence, Azerbaijan has been a secular state by virtue of Article 48 of the Constitution, which guarantees the freedom of worship, choice, or nonpractice of religion and the freedom of expression of one's own views on religion. This article aims to assess the changes in the self-employment of women in Azerbaijan through a deductive analysis of data and observation of changes in the structure of resources based on generally available macroeconomic data. This study focuses on the situation of women on the Azerbaijani labour market over the two decades of the 21st century. The numbers of economically active women, including those in employment and the unemployed, and economically inactive women are specified. Further, the government's legal and financial policy in respect of women's self-employment is analysed. The author determines what percentage of companies were set up by women and in which sectors and locations.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 2; 171-190
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The composition and determinants of rural non-farm income diversification in Nigeria
Autorzy:
Olugbire, Oluseyi Olutoyin
Obafunsho, Oluwatosin Esther
Olarewaju, Titilope Omolara
Kolade, Ruth Ibukun
Odediran, Festus Abiodun
Orumwense, Lucy Adeteju
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
non-farm income
wage employment
self-employment
Tobit regression
rural Nigeria
Opis:
Farming has been considered as main source of income for rural households in Nigeria, despite their involvement in other income generating activities. Focusing on income derivable from farming alone may be partially responsible for the ineffective poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria. Using the National Living Standard Survey data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics, this paper investigated the composition and determinants of non-farm incomes of rural households in Nigeria. The results show that the share of farm, non-farm wage (NFW)- and self-employment (NFS) incomes in total household incomes were 24.3%, 43.0% and 23.7% respectively. Households whose heads are male (0.647), had formal education (0.522), increased the likelihood of households’ participation in NFW activities, while access to credit (-0.307) and having larger farm size (-0.221) decreased it. Access to credit (0.379); community participation (0.103); larger family size (0.193) and possession of capital assets (0.069) increased the likelihood of participation in NFS-employment activities, while having larger farm size (-0.211) decreased it. The study concludes that policy targeting poverty reduction should focus on providing enabling environment for poor households’ access to non-farm activities in the study area.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2020, 57, 3; 279-288
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Immigrant Self-employment: Definitions, Concepts and Methods
Autorzy:
Nestorowicz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
migration
self-employment
ethnic entrepreneurship
middleman minority
ethnic enclave
Opis:
The paper presents a review of selected definitional issues and theoretical concepts related to the phenomenon of immigrant self-employment. A chronological analysis of the developments of the academic discourse on the topic allows detecting the interconnections between various approaches and understanding their growing complexity. The inquiry is complemented with a review of most recent empirical studies, what enables an assessment of the applicability and usefulness of long-established concepts for framing contemporary studies. Based on the appraisal of gathered material this paper also points to the limitations and possible areas of development of future research in the field.
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review; 2012, 1, 1; 37-55
2300-1682
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mixed Embeddedness and the Dynamics of Self-Employment among Turkish Immigrants in Finland
Autorzy:
Wahlbeck, Östen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-01-07
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
mixed embeddedness
ethnic ties
social capital
Turkish immigrants
self-employment
Opis:
The article analyses dynamics of social capital that can explain how Turkish immigrants in Finland become self-employed and why they have established themselves within a particular economic sector. The mixed embeddedness perspective on ethnic and immigrant entrepreneurship is utilised to achieve a better understanding of these processes. The interview study indicates that immigrants are able to establish ethnic economies also in countries with relatively small and geographically dispersed immigrant populations. Immigrant entrepreneurs can mobilise transnational social capital for the establishment of businesses, but only under circumstances where transnational resources can be utilised as a local resource. To understand the dynamics of immigrants businesses requires an analysis of the embeddedness of immigrants in a simultaneously transnational and local social context.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2014, 184, 4; 487-504
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Patterns of Self-Employment: An Empirical Comparison of Young People’s Entrepreneurial Pursuits in Poland and Ireland
Autorzy:
Krzyżanowska, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
self-employment
young people
motivations
social capital
qualitative and comparative research
Opis:
This article analyses the phenomenon of self-employment and entrepreneurship among the 20– 35-year-olds in the two country contexts; Poland and Ireland, and the capital cities ofWarsaw and Dublin, respectively, in 2005. It seeks to compare motivations driving the choice of an autonomous style of work; role of social capital both for decisions to start up as well as for subsequent economic performance; the value of an institutional environment for entrepreneurial efforts. It examines such aspects through the prism of the economic and socio-cultural characteristics of the countries in question. By this, the article draws a broad picture of findings that may inform individual as well as macro-related characteristics of entrepreneurship
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2008, 164, 4; 417-436
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experience of migrant self-employment as „economisation of ethnicity”. Indian and Chinese entrepreneurs in Poland
Autorzy:
Andrejuk, Katarzyna
Oleksiyenko, Olena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/961134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MIGRANT SELF-EMPLOYMENT
ECONOMISATION OF ETHNICITY
CHINESE MIGRATION
INDIAN MIGRATION
Opis:
Th e article presents the concept of “economisation of ethnicity” understood as a strategy of taking advantage of cultural resources of ethnic groups in conducting business activities. On the example of the Chinese and Indian communities it explores different ways and patterns of using ethnic cultural and ethnic social capital for the development of own enterprises. Such strategies involve for example: attracting ethnic customers, employing ethnic workers, offering ethnic goods. However, “economisation of ethnicity” means using ethnicity in a non-alienating manner. It includes also efforts of integration with the host society, for example good knowledge of Polish language and culture. The article is based on the official statistical data and results of the qualitative research conducted in years 2014–2017 within the grant project financed by the National Science Centre.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2018, 44, 3 (169); 77-96
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Free Movement of Workers and the Self-employment issue. Th e Case of Th e “Polish Plumber” in France
Autorzy:
Patok, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/580154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS
IMMIGRANT WORKER
LOW-SKILLED OCCUPATIONS
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
STEREOTYPES
Opis:
Free Movement of People offers new opportunities for European Union citizens migrating into the single market. This does however, bring controversy and public debates. This paper’s focus is placed on the “Polish plumber” case – a symbol of social dumping. We study the European Union effects on the self-employment practices through the experience of Polish immigrants employed in low-skilled occupation in France. First, the reasons for setting up in France and the differences between labour conditions before and after the opening of the French labour market to Polish Immigrants are examined. The paper then discusses the self-employment career trajectories of Polish workers in France. Finally, we examine the impact that the Free Movement of Workers has on low-skilled occupations and the immigrants’ adaptation and integration into host society.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2018, 44, 3 (169); 59-76
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxation of the Self‑employed in Poland and other EU Countries – a Comparative Analysis
Opodatkowanie samozatrudnionych w Polsce i w pozostałych krajach UE – analiza porównawcza
Autorzy:
Krajewska, Anna
Krajewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
samozatrudnienie
podatki
rynek pracy
finanse publiczne
self‑employment
taxes
labor market
public finances
Opis:
The article aims to compare the taxation of the self‑employed in Poland and other EU countries. We show that, for years, Poland has been at the forefront of EU countries with the highest self‑employment rates. Our analysis indicates that many people in Poland chose the status of self‑employed, guided by tax optimization. Due to large differences in the burden of income tax and social security contributions of people working full‑time and choosing self‑employment, there are strong incentives to move from employment to fictitious self‑employment. Our study shows that this significantly affects the revenues of the state budget and social security fund in Poland.
Celem artykułu jest porównanie opodatkowania osób samozatrudnionych w Polsce z rozwiązaniami stosowanymi w innych krajach Unii Europejskiej. W artykule wykazane zostało, że polski rynek pracy cechuje się bardzo wysokim udziałem osób samozatrudnionych. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że istotną przyczyną tego popularności samozatrudnienia w Polsce jest optymalizacja podatkowa. Ze względu na duże różnice pomiędzy obciążeniami podatkowymi osób pracujących na etat i osób samozatrudnionych występują silne bodźce do prowadzenia fikcyjnego samozatrudnienia. W artykule ukazane jest, że zjawisko to silnie wpływa zarówno na dochody budżetu państwa jak i dochody Funduszu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2021, 24, 2; 69-85
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differences and determinants of female entrepreneurship across selected EU countries: some empirical evidence for the period 2010–2018
Autorzy:
Kraska, Ewa
Kot, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-14
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Female entrepreneurship
female self-employment
labour market
Przedsiębiorczość kobiet
rynek pracy
samozatrudnienie kobiet
Opis:
There is a wide differentiation in the level of female entrepreneurship across European Union countries. The literature emphasises the importance of various intrinsic (i.e. education, experience, human capital, access to capital resources) and extrinsic (i.e. influencing the level of entrepreneurship) factors. The purpose of this article is to empirically analyse the relationship between the level of female self-employment and the economic and social determinants of female labour force participation for 19 EU member states. This article uses panel data techniques to empirically analyse the relationship between the female self-employment and the following: gross domestic product per capita, female unemployment rate, total fertility rate, crude marriage rate, people at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age, gender wage gap (median) for full-time employees, masculinization index. Simple statistical methods and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in this paper. An econometric model was created to verify the factors affecting the level of female self-employment. Statistical data collected by Eurostat and the OECD were used to conduct the analyses. Due to limited data availability, the study covers the years 2010–2018. Gretl and Excel were used to conduct the analysis.
W krajach Unii Europejskiej występuje duże zróżnicowania poziomu przedsiębiorczości kobiet. W literaturze przedmiotu podkreśla się znaczenie rożnych czynników wewnętrznych (tj. edukacja, doświadczenie, kapitał ludzki, dostęp do zasobów kapitału) oraz zewnętrznych (tj. wpływających na poziom przedsiębiorczości). Celem artykułu jest empiryczna analiza związku między poziomem samozatrudnienia kobiet a uwarunkowaniami ekonomiczno-społecznymi kobiet na rynku pracy dla 19 państw będących członkiem UE. W pracy wykorzystano proste metody statystyczne i współczynnik korelacji Pearsona. W celu weryfikacji czynników wpływających na poziom samozatrudnienia kobiet zbudowano model ekonometryczny. Do przeprowadzenia analiz wykorzystano dane statystyczne zgromadzone w Eurostacie oraz OECD. Ze względu na ograniczoną dostępność danych badaniem objęto lata 2010–2018. Do przeprowadzenia analizy wykorzystany został program Gretl oraz Excel.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny; 2021, 4; 97-114
1898-2166
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-agricultural self-employment as a factor of economic inclusion of the rural population
Autorzy:
Stolarska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/96906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
Tematy:
non-agricultural self-employment
rural area
income
population
pozarolnicze samozatrudnienie
obszar wiejski
dochód
populacja
Opis:
The purpose of this paper was to identify and assess the economic situation of the working rural population in the years 2013-2016, with particular attention to the households of the self-employed. Unpublished unit data from BGD GUS and REGON, as well as secondary data sources were used in the paper. For each occupational group, income, expenditure and savings were compared. It was determined that the highest income in rural areas was obtained by households, composed mostly of non-physical workers, while the lowest income was generated by blue collar workers. The good economic situation of the self-employed households from outside the agricultural sector was observed, which improved significantly in the years 2013-2016, although it varied from one household to another. The importance of this form of employment in rural areas has been emphasised.
Źródło:
Ekonomia i Środowisko; 2018, 1; 181-190
0867-8898
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia i Środowisko
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Motives and factors affecting entrepreneurship among women
Motywy i uwarunkowania przedsiębiorczości kobiet
Autorzy:
Niedzielski, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790418.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
Tematy:
entrepreneurship of women
business activity
self-employment
SME
przedsiębiorczość kobiet
działalność gospodarcza
samozatrudnienie
sektor MSP
Opis:
This study identified the motives and factors which affect women starting business activities. The analysis was based on the results of an internet poll conducted in December 2018 among 110 female entrepreneurs conducting individual business activity in towns of various sizes. Different types of services dominated among the businesses conducted by women (78%), whereas trade activities were conducted by 17% of women and production-oriented businesses were conducted by only 5%. A large portion of females (20%) conducted activities combining two or three industry branches. According to the study, women started their business activity for personal reasons rather than out of necessity. Their decisions were motivated mainly by the need to have an opportunity for professional self-development, self-fulfilment and independence. The main problems when starting and running their businesses were difficulties in acquiring external funds, excessive non-salary labour costs and a limited availability of crèches and kindergartens. Despite various barriers and obstacles in running their businesses, over 90% of females in the poll forecast a development in their activities or expansion to new markets by investing in technology, self-development, personnel training or by expanding their product range. The share of women planning to develop their businesses is increasing with growing experience and the length of time a business is run.
Celem badań była identyfikacja motywów i uwarunkowań uruchamiania i prowadzenia samodzielnej działalności gospodarczej przez kobiety. Analizę oparto na wynikach internetowego sondażu ankietowego przeprowadzonego w grudniu 2018 roku wśród 110 przedsiębiorczyń prowadzących działalność gospodarczą na terenie miast różnej wielkości. Domeną działalności gospodarczej badanych kobiet były głównie różnego rodzaju usługi (78%). Działalność handlową prowadziło 17% kobiet, a działalność produkcyjną tylko 5%. Duża część respondentek (20%) łączyła działalność w dwóch, a nawet w trzech branżach. Badania wykazały między innymi, że kobiety częściej uruchamiały działalność gospodarczą z przyczyn wewnętrznych (z potrzeby) niż z konieczności, czyli przymusu. Głównym motywem decyzji o uruchomieniu tej działalności była potrzeba zapewnienia sobie możliwości rozwoju zawodowego, samorealizacji i niezależności. Jako najbardziej istotne problemy w uruchamianiu i prowadzeniu działalności gospodarczej respondentki wskazywały trudności w pozyskaniu zewnętrznych funduszy, zbyt wysokie pozapłacowe koszty pracy, ograniczoną dostępność żłobków i przedszkoli. Mimo różnych barier i utrudnień w prowadzeniu firmy, ponad 90% badanych kobiet przewiduje rozwój działalności i poszerzenie rynku między innymi przez inwestowanie w technologię, we własny rozwój i w rozwój pracowników oraz w poszerzanie asortymentu usług lub produktów. Udział przedsiębiorczyń zakładających rozwój działalności wzrasta wraz z nabywaniem doświadczenia i długością okresu prowadzenia firmy.
Źródło:
Annals of The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists; 2019, 21, 4; 350-357
2657-781X
2657-7828
Pojawia się w:
Annals of The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entrepreneurship of women in Poland and the EU : quantitative analysis
Przedsiębiorczość kobiet w Polsce i UE : analiza ilościowa
Autorzy:
Ślusarczyk, B.
Broniszewska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/405644.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
occupational activity
business activity
women's entrepreneurship
self-employment
aktywność zawodowa
działalność gospodarcza
przedsiębiorczość kobiet
samozatrudnienie
Opis:
Women’s entrepreneurship is an important and interesting phenomenon from both economic and public point of view. It contributes to revive local and regional economic processes. In Poland, similarly as in other European countries, the situation of women on the labour market differs from men’s status of employment. Women’s entrepreneurship and their current situation on the labour market are being analyzed through the prism of differences which appears while comparing them with men. Differences are about the level of education, professional qualifications, payroll irregularities, also regulations and practices applied during the process of employing women. The purpose of this article is an analysis of women’s occupational activity on the base of statistical researches with particular reference to comparative surveys.
Przedsiębiorczość kobiet jest ważnym i ciekawym zjawiskiem zarówno z gospodarczego jak i publicznego punktu widzenia. Przyczynia się ona do ożywienia lokalnych i regionalnych procesów gospodarczych. W Polsce, podobnie jak w innych krajach europejskich, sytuacja statusu zatrudnienia kobiet na rynku pracy różni się od sytuacji mężczyzn. Przedsiębiorczość kobiet i ich obecna sytuacja na rynku pracy są analizowane przez pryzmat różnic, które pojawiają się podczas porównywania ich z mężczyznami. Różnice dają się zauważyć w poziomie wykształcenia, kwalifikacjach zawodowych, nieprawidłowościach płacowych, a także w przepisach i praktykach stosowanych w procesie zatrudniania kobiet. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza aktywności zawodowej kobiet na podstawie badań statystycznych, ze szczególnym odniesieniem do badań porównawczych.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2014, 9; 217-224
2081-7452
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Management Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 31

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