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Tytuł:
Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in selected Polish legal regulations – outline of the problem
Autorzy:
SZYŁKOWSKA, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466192.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
safety
law
Roman law
Opis:
This article presents reflection made in the field of Roman legal thought in selected Polish legal regulations with potential impact on the functioning of the individual. The universal form of the principle – regardless of the legal system – implies a potential threat to the functioning of the individual in the form of uncertainty. The purpose of this publication is to indicate the need to update legal regulations regarding the indicated matter – in particular – in the form of an obligatory examination for the courts of the statute of limitations in a situation where a natural person is a party to the proceedings. Accurate provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure, Code of Civil Procedure and selected court sentences were presented. In the research process, was made extensive use of qualitative research methods, including in the form of analyses (e.g.: legal and institutional analysis, comparative analysis, system analysis and methods: analysis and logical construction), generalization and implication. In turn, among quantitative research methods, intensively was used statistical analysis and a diagnostic sounding survey. In addition to the literature analysis – important support of the research process was the examination of documents (including provisions of national law) and available sources of knowledge about the problems studied. The source material included both open access and published studies in specialist journals. At this stage of the research, have been analysed the applicable legal regulations and selected sentences of Polish Courts. The mentioned above, empirical methods included the following: a diagnostic sounding survey – conducted in the form of surveys using the CAWI technique. The empirical stage ofthe research also consisted in the assessment of the legal status. The cognitive and utilitarian premises of the problems are the implementation of the adopted hypothesis: Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in connection with numerous amendments to regulations may have negative consequences for the functioning of the individual.
Źródło:
Safety & Defense; 2019, 5, 2; 35-40
2450-551X
Pojawia się w:
Safety & Defense
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Historical and Legal Context and Significance… of Selected Roman Public Law Institutions of the Early Principate Described in Canonical Gospels of the New Testament
Autorzy:
Kubala, Maciej Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-28
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Gospel
Roman law
Instutition
Imperium
Opis:
The article analyses the issues in question by means of a method used in the legal sciences which in the Polish methodology is called “the historical and legal method.” It involves presentation and analysis of selected legal institutions and of their evolution in time. The following issues—identified across the pages of the Gospel—are analysed in this article: political and systemic context of evangelical events (section 1), the role of censuses in the implementation of Roman administrative and systemic principles (section 2), Roman tax law in the context of tax burdens resting on residents of Judea (section 3) and the Roman judicial procedure in the context of the trial of Jesus (section 4). In the summary the author answers the research question asked in the introduction: to what degree does the historical and legal significance of selected institutions of Roman law, inspired by the description of these institutions in canonical gospels of the New Testament, determine the contemporary understanding of the gospels themselves?
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 2021, 11, 4; 659-687
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ships and crew. historical profile
Autorzy:
Casola, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
nautae
recruitment
munera
Roman law
Opis:
The organization of the ship was connected to the organization of the board, according to the type of ship. It concerned the crew’s composition, the division of roles and responsibilities, the recruitments procedures and orders. The employment relationship was peculiar, governed by a specific regulation. There was a separation of duties and therefore there were different contracts of recruitment for the crew members. As to the ship, the roles of magister navis were different from the one of the crew, since the former signed a contract comparable to modern self-employment contracts and the latter signed a contract of subordinate employment similar to modern contracts. The paper examines, through the analysis of sources and of literature, the organization of the merchant ship and the recruitments procedures.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2018, 38, 3; 237-266
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Critical Remarks on Roman Law in the Prussian Correction
Autorzy:
Lisowski, Zygmunt
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
history of law
roman law
prussian correction
Opis:
The paper is an English translation of O prawie rzymskim w korekturze pruskiej. Uwagi krytyczne by Zygmunt Lisowski, published originally in Polish in “Czasopismo Prawno–Historyczne” in 1954. The text is pub-lished as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administra-tion” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 10; 131-165
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
John Chrysostom’s Discourse on Property Ownership: An Analysis from the Perspective of Roman Law
Autorzy:
Yingxue, Chen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-15
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
John Chrysostom
Property ownership
Roman law
Opis:
Unlike the dominant but simplified view of previous scholarship that Chrysostom stands in opposition to Roman property law, his attitude towards Roman law concerning property ownership is quite complicated. Insisting on the belief that things are created for common use and God is the ultimate owner of the world, Chrysostom denies various modes of property acquisition approved by Roman law (inheritance, thesauri inventio, and specificatio ) to be righteous, but when clarifying the limited and inferior human right over things in comparison with that of God, he never hesitates to use the Roman legal terms χρῆσις and δεσποτεία. Moreover, based on the conviction that the worldly economic order derives from divine providence, he confines his enumeration of the things shared in common mainly to the Res communes and Res publicae or Res universitatis under Roman law and persuades his audience to help those in need with the wealth temporarily under their stewardship. As a rhetorical strategy, Chrysostom’s use and manipulation of Roman legal language and thought aimed to promote almsgiving
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2022, 83; 221-246
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Contribution to the Deliberations on the Relationships Between International Law and Roman Law
Autorzy:
Winiarski, Bohdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
roman law
public international law
international water law
Opis:
The paper is an English translation of Przyczynek do rozważań nad stosunkiem prawa międzynarodowego do prawa rzymskiego by Bohdan Winiarski, published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1934. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Department of Public International Law” devoted to the achievements of the representatives of the Poznań studies on international law.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2021, 12; 15-33
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Codex: Un nombre antiguo
Autorzy:
Martinez Martinez, Faustino Jose
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
Legal History
Roman Law
Justinian
Jurisprudence
Codification
Opis:
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: A brief exposition is presented on the origins and developments of Roman Law, taking as starting point the idea of a Law of Jurists that becomes a Law of Autocrats (the emperors), with changes in the sources and in the sustenance of the same ones. The ultimate result is the codification of that Roman Law in the times of Justinian and the ancient (not modern) meaning of the notion of Code. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: It is a purely informative, synthesis and exposition work for which it has relied on the most recent and the most traditional bibliography and sources, analyzing one and the others. RESEARCH RESULTS: The two great moments (classical and postclassical) of the Roman era are presented, from the legal perspective, to show how this slow and painless transition from an open and plural system to another monotone, dominated by the emperor in both what the new Law refers to as old Law. The Code is the final recapitulation of this Roman intellectual and cultural world. CONCLUSION: Rome manages to evolve, without betraying itself and without abandoning its oldest sources; rather, assembling all the materials and creating a method in which medieval and modern jurists will then be inspired. In the final Code and Codification they manage to incorporate all that Law and the main guidelines for its interpretation.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Polityki; 2019, 10, 31; 60-80
2082-5897
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Heredis institutio caput et fundamentum totius testamenti est – as a rule of Roman inheritance law
Heredis institutio caput et fundamentum totius testamenti est – jako reguła rzymskiego prawa spadkowego
Autorzy:
Świrgoń-Skok, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2006885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
heredis institutio
Roman law
testament
prawo rzymskie
Opis:
In the Roman inheritance law, until post-classical law, the appointment of an heir on the basis of the rule heredis institutio caput et fundamentum totius testamenti est, was the foundation of the whole will. Heredis institutio was a crucial element of the content of the will and it should be placed in the very beginning as all dispositions placed before it, were void. And remained this way until Justinian law where the above mentioned formalism was annulled. First exceptions of the rule heredis institutio caput et fundamentum totius testament est and the order arising from testamentary dispositions placed therein, can be noticed in classical law, according to the constitution of custody, appointment to inherit by the own slave together with his liberation and disinheritance. Moreover, Roman law, based on the performance of praetors and Cesar law, exceptionally allowed the maintenance if the rest of the testamentary content (demises, trusts, liberations) when the heredis institutio fell or did not lead to inheritance. And so, the acceptance of the heir appointed in a will becomes a sole formality in classical law, and a range of deviations and exceptions appear in the discussed rule Heredis institutio caput et fundamentum totius testamenti est. The Western Roman post – classical practice and Justinian omitted the above mentioned rule totally.
W rzymskim prawie spadkowym, aż do prawa poklasycznego, ustanowienie dziedzica w oparciu o regułę heredis institutio caput et fundamentum totius testamenti est, było fundamentem całego testamentu. Heredis institutio była koniecznym elementem treści testamentu, należało ją umieścić na samym początku, ponieważ rozrządzenia zawarte przed nią były nieważne. Tak przynajmniej było, aż do prawa justyniańskiego, w którym powyższy formalizm został zniesiony. Pierwsze wyjątki od reguły heredis institutio caput et fundamentum totius testamenti est i wynikającej z niej kolejności zamieszczanych rozrządzeń testamentowych, można zauważyć już w prawie klasycznym, odnośnie do ustanowienia opieki, powołania do dziedziczenia własnego niewolnika z równoczesnym wyzwoleniem oraz wydziedziczenia. Ponadto prawo rzymskie, w oparciu o działalność pretorów oraz prawo cesarskie, dopuszczało wyjątkowo utrzymanie pozostałej treści testamentu (zapisy, fideikomisy, wyzwolenia), gdy odpadła heredis institutio lub nie doprowadziła do dziedziczenia. Zatem przyjęcie spadku przez ustanowionego w testamencie dziedzica staje się już w prawie klasycznym czystą formalnością, a omawiana reguła doznaje szeregu odstępstw i wyjątków. Natomiast zachodniorzymska praktyka poklasyczna i Justynian pominęli w ogóle wspomnianą zasadę. Tak jak i we współczesnym polskim ustawodawstwie powołanie spadkobiercy jest uprawnieniem testatora, a nie konieczną treścią testamentu. Do typowych rozrządzeń testamentowych można zaliczyć obok ustanowienia spadkobiercy (art. 959 i n. k.c.), wydziedziczenie, ustanowienie zapisu. W prawie polskim ważny będzie testament zawierający tylko jedno rozrządzenie. W żadnym razie ustanowienie spadkobiercy w testamencie nie jest wymogiem jego sporządzenia, testator nie musi naruszać porządku dziedziczenia ustawowego, może się ograniczyć do dyspozycji o innym charakterze.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2016, 8, 2; 157-172
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deductio in domum mariti and the conclusion of an iustum matrimonium
Autorzy:
Benincasa, Zuzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Mariage, Roman family law, Roman mariage rites, wedding
Opis:
According to the communis opinio the classical Roman law did not know any formal procedure of concluding a marriage, since its conclusion required only the mutual consent of a man and a woman (affectio maritalis, consensus). Nonetheless, the Roman culture developed a number of ritual acts related to the conclusion of a marriage, most of them deeply rooted in Roman tradition and history and being of a great symbolic significance. The central moment of a wedding ceremony seems to be deductio in domum mariti i.e. a ritual introduction of the bride into her future husband’s household. The significance of such a ritual is reflected in the field of language, since the expression uxorem ducere (to lead a wife) is the most common expression used as a synonym of “to marry” and also in the field of law since, according to some jurists, when deductio in domum mariti had been accomplished, the couple was considered duly and legally married. The main function of the deductio was thus to give proof that the wedding had taken place and to manifest mutual affectio maritalis. Deductio in domum mariti played a special role in the case of the conclusion of a marriage inter absentes (although it seems that the only person permitted to be absent could be the groom and not the bride). In this case, the formal ceremony of deductio seems to be an indispensable act constituting the only way in which a mutual affectio maritalis could be expressed. Since the bride’s procession to her new husband’s house was considered to be the public declaration of a consensus necessary for concluding a legal marriage, in the case of a “groomless” wedding such a ceremony was necessary as a proof that mutual affectio maritalis had been expressed and thus a marriage had taken place. Nonetheless, the necessity of leading the bride to her husband’s home in the case of a matrimonium inter absentes could not be misunderstood with the constitutive character of deductio in domum mariti. A consensus still remained the only constitutive element and deductio in domum mariti constituted only the formal way in which, due to the particular circumstances, this consensus had to be expressed.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 13-26
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE SCIENCE OF LAW REGARDING NEW LEGAL CONTRACTUAL COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CONTINENTAL CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS: THE SPANISH AND GERMAN EXAMPLES
Autorzy:
Palao-Uceda, Juan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
science of law
Roman law
codification
civil law
new contracts
Opis:
This article tries to return to the essence of civil law which, with a little more than ten key contractual institutions, allows all disputes created from newly founded institutions to be examined and interpreted. If law is science it must be ableto be reduced to a set of basic concepts that have been coined and concluded from daily contractual practice and, almost in their entirety, have been in force over time. Hence the study of Roman law and Roman legal tradition remain a constantreference to our continental law. However, this does not prevent them from being open to gradual enrichment.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2018, 35, 4; 73-102
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on the Impact of Christianity on Roman Law in the Interwar Poland: Franciszek Bossowski’s Views
Autorzy:
Nancka, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Franciszek Bossowski
prawo rzymskie
Chrześcijaństwo
Roman law
Christianity
Opis:
The article is intended to present the views of Franciszek Bossowski on the impact of Christianity on Roman law and thus draws attention to the existing output of the Polish science of Roman law in this area. This Vilnius-based Roman law scholar was one of the few researchers in Poland who studied this issue in the interwar Poland. For this reason, the article encompasses an analysis of those of his works in which he touches upon the issue of the impact of Christianity on Roman law. Attention is drawn to the key theses formulated therein as well as his polemics with other scholars. Last but not least, the research postulates formulated by Bossowski are discussed.
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zaprezentowanie poglądów Franciszka Bossowskiego na kwestię wpływu chrześcijaństwa na prawo rzymskie i tym samym zwrócenie uwagi na dotychczasowe osiągnięcia polskiej romanistyki w tym zakresie. Ten wileński romanista, był jednym z niewielu uczonych, którzy w Polsce międzywojennej zajęli się tą tematyką. Stąd też w artykule analizie poddane zostały te prace naukowe, w których uczony odnosi się do wpływu chrześcijaństwa na prawo rzymskie. Zwrócono uwagę na główne tezy pojawiające się w nich, jak i jego polemiki z innymi uczonymi. Wskazano także na postulaty badawcze sformułowane przez romanistę.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2019, 4; 143-156
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Rhetoric of aikia in Petitions from Roman Egypt
Autorzy:
Allbright, Joshua
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Fundacja im. Rafała Taubenschlaga
Tematy:
Roman Egypt
violence
aikia
petitions
social control
rhetoric
Greek law
Roman law
Opis:
This article discusses the rhetorical usage of the verb αικίζεσθαι (‘abuse’, ‘thrash’, ‘brutalize’) and its derivatives in petitions from Roman Egypt. Curiously, this description of violence only appears in petitions from the Roman period. Using theories of conflict resolution and social control, it is argued that the writers of these petitions, the majority of whom lived in villages in the Arsinoite nome, used the concept of aikia in an attempt to overcome the inefficiency of the Roman Egyptian legal system by augmenting the severity of the crimes they suffered. The usage of the verb αικίζεσθαι (often paired with the noun πληγαις) emphasized the brutality and socially transgressive nature of the attack and presented it as something that needed to be addressed by the authorities immediately, as it affected the entire social order. Over time the phrase πληγαις αικίζεσθαι became formulaic in its expression, suggesting that it was not just contained to a handful of petitions. Rather it was a linguistic phenomenon in itself that reveals the effects of the social and legal environment of Roman Egypt on the language of petitions.
Źródło:
The Journal of Juristic Papyrology; 2021, 51; 1-26
0075-4277
Pojawia się w:
The Journal of Juristic Papyrology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aconite – a Poison, or a Medicine? Ancient and Early Byzantine Testimonies
Autorzy:
Jagusiak, Krzysztof
Tadajczyk, Konrad Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
aconite
ancient medicine
Byzantine medicine
toxicology
Roman law
Byzantine law
Opis:
Aconite (Aconitum napellus) was one of the most notorious, poisonous plants in the ancient world. Its dangerous, lethal power – present in leaves, roots, stem, and tuber – was well known to the Greeks and the Romans from the earliest times. Evidence of this phenomenon is not only present in archaeological findings, but also in many writings – biographies, poems, legal codes, etc. However, the most precise and detailed accounts come from treatises written by botanists, physicians and encyclopaedists, like Theophrastus, Nicander, Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, or Galen, and by early Byzantine authors, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, and Paul of Aegina. In their testimonies, one can find descriptions of aconite, its influence on the human body (and animals), and remedies for affected people. In contrast, there are few passages from these sources that inform the readers about the healing properties of aconite. According to these fragments, carefully administered, aconite could be helpful in some therapies, but its use was extremely hazardous, as even a small part of the plant could kill a man.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2022, 12; 119-134
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„POLSKI PAPINIAN” ‘REDIVIVUS’. CZY WARTO DZISIAJ TŁUMACZYĆ I WYDAWAĆ STANISŁAWA WRÓBLEWSKIEGO ZA GRANICą?
Autorzy:
Marzec, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/664186.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Roman law
Stanisław Wróblewski
the Polish Papinian
Roman law in Poland.
Prawo rzymskie
Polski Papinian
Prawo rzymskie w Polsce.
Opis:
This paper presents an outline of the life and scholarly achievements of the eminent Polish lawyer Stanisław Wróblewski (1868-1938), professor of Roman and civil law at the Jagiellonian University. He wrote a series of brilliant studies on legal issues, but few of them are known in the international milieu of law scholars, because he published in Polish. In 1899 he published Posiadanie na tle prawa rzymskiego, on ownership and usucaption in the light of Roman law, where he presented the opinion that usucaption deserved the status of a right, just like ownership. In 1916 and 1919 Wróblewski published his unfinished opus magnum, Zarys wykładu prawa rzymskiego (An Outline of Roman Law), which is regarded as a major intellectual achievement in the legal sciences, but remains largely unknown because it was published in Polish. This paper concludes with an appeal for an English edition of Wróblewski’s works as part of the world’s heritage of legal culture.
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Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2019, 19, 2
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quod illicite (...) exactum est... And what if the duty was wrongly paid? Accountability of tax collectors in classical Roman Law
Quod illicite (...) exactum est... A co, jeśli cło nienależnie pobrano? Odpowiedzialność poborców podatkowych w rzymskim prawie klasycznym
Autorzy:
Pikulska-Radomska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1394300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-09
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
portorium
vectigal
publicani
comissum
Roman Law
prawo rzymskie
Opis:
Persons crossing the border between duty districts — traders, professional smugglers and regular travelers alike — tried to avoid paying duties collected in such places all along. There were different ways to avoid paying the portorium: travelers either tried to conceal the real nature of the commodities they were carrying, or attempted to transport the goods they carried without declaring them, or tried to cross the customs border without actually passing through the levy collection point. Meanwhile, the collectors frequently abused their powers by extorting payments that were not due altogether or by collecting payments that were too high. Sources provide numerous evidence of such practices. A collector receiving a payment that was not due or that was too high ran the risk of having to pay back at least double the amount received. Respective imperial regulations leave no doubt in this regard. However, what about the commodity that was forfeited, if the process took too long?
Osoby przekraczające granice okręgów celnych — handlowcy, zawodowi prze-mytnicy, ale i zwykli podróżni — od zawsze starali się uniknąć opłacania danin pobieranych w takich miejscach. Aby uniknąć opłacania portorium, stosowano różne wybiegi: podróżujący albo starali się ukryć właściwą naturę przewożonych produktów, albo usiłowali przewieźć towar, nie deklarując go, albo wreszcie próbowali przekroczyć granicę celną, nie przechodząc przez punkt poboru daniny. Poborcy zaś często nadużywali swoich uprawnień, naliczając daninę nie- należną bądź nadmierną. W źródłach można znaleźć liczne dowody takich praktyk. Poborca naliczający daninę nienależną lub nadmierną narażał się na obowiązek zapłaty przynajmniej w podwójnej wysokości. Regulacje cesarskie w tym zakresie są jasne. Co jednak z towarami objętymi przepadkiem, jeśli proces trwa zbyt długo?
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2020, 13; 37-46
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 68

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