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Tytuł:
Indirect reciprocity: The concept and psychological mechanisms
Autorzy:
Szcześniak, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2126735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-08
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
upstream indirect reciprocity
downstream indirect reciprocity
gratitude
reputation
Opis:
The paper has an exploratory character and provides an overview of selected perspectives on both downstream (“as you scratch someone else’s back, I will scratch yours”) and upstream (“pay it forward”) versions of indirect reciprocity. Sociobiologists’ point of view is presented, as their work has contributed to the fact that the reciprocity of openness to a third party has become a subject of research in other scientific fields. Next, the concept of downstream and upstream indirect reciprocity is explained, according to the nomenclature used by selected mathematical biologists and economists. Finally, a psychological view of both forms of indirect reciprocity (positive and negative) is given through theoretical considerations, examples of empirical studies, as well as selected mechanisms and determinants that may underlie the phenomenon.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2018, 21, 2; 107-129
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Boundary-only formulations of the boundary element method
W pełni brzegowe sformułowania w metodzie elementów brzegowych
Autorzy:
Nowak, A. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281310.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
boundary element method
dual reciprocity method
multiple reciprocity method
boundary and domain integrals
Opis:
In the paper possible treatments of the domain integrals appearing in BEM are discussed. Major approaches are compared and critically evaluated with emphasis put on the dual and reciprocity reciprocity techniques. New trends in these methods involving new interpolation functions and decomposition are presented.
W artykule omówiono sposoby całek po całym obszarze występujących w metodzie elementów brzegowych. Podstawowe algorytmy obliczeniowe zostały krytycznie porównane ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metod wykorzystujących zasady wzajemności: podwójną oraz wielokrotną. Zaprezentowano również trendy w tych technikach obliczeniowych, a w szczególności nowe funkcje interpolujące oraz metodę dekompozycji obszaru.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 1998, 2; 479-491
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mutual Vulnerability? Asymmetric Relationships in Biblical Anthropology
Autorzy:
Martos, Levente Balazs
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-15
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
vulnerability
asymmetric relationships
reciprocity
obedience
Opis:
The 2019 PBC document views relationships between parents and children, masters and servants, “shepherds” and “the flock,” civil authority and citizens as asymmetric. The structure of the document suggests that these relationship systems are based on shared human experience and a common theological foundation: they appear to repeat the pattern of the parent-child relationship and originate in the obligation to obey God. Using the document as a starting point, I would like to outline what the concept of asymmetric relationships can mean today. In search of common perspectives, I will compare New Testament texts with the interpretation of asymmetry in today’s social ethics discourse. The inequality and asymmetry of different persons and groups seem to be an undeniable fact, causing tension that can be resolved fruitfully by parties who take responsibility for each other in the presence of a “third.”
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 2022, 12, 3; 431-449
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selfies and the Self
Autorzy:
Bruś, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1376065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
selfie
identity
technology
self-portraiture
reciprocity
Opis:
Film cameras made it possible for individuals to present themselves to others, to assume and feel agency, also to change it, to utilize agency to claim participation in diverse collectivities. Most recently, digital cameras have presented their users with astonishing ways to encourage but also to disseminate diverse acts of agency. In this paper the author proposes to bring to the fore the selfie (an emerging sub-genre of portraiture) as a new cultural product responsible for mediation, production, and transmission of subjectivities in the global mediascapes. Framing the subject in ways which defy ennobled aesthetic principles of photography, its cultivated artistry, selfies reconfigure and adapt ways the subject represent and understand themselves. This paper argues that selfies create visual spaces of novel modes of selfhood, of its certification and assertion.
Selfie, znane również jako "selfik" czy "słiftfocia", jest nowym rodzajem wizerunku, "autoportrecikiem" wykonanym telefonem komórkowym. Zdaniem wielu krytyków, ta "sztuka na wyciągnięcie ręki" (Jerry Saltz) rozwija się i przeobraża, zmieniając naszą samoświadomość, mowę ciała, społeczne relacje i sfery prywatności. W artykule autorka referuje stanowiska badaczy na temat nowych technologii wytwarzania tożsamości, zarysowując główne obszary tych badań, które odnoszą się do performatywnego wymiaru tworzenia wizerunku fotograficznego, praktykowania "tożsamościowego turyzmu", a w szczególności definiowania autobiografii jako obrazu subiektywności należącego do społeczności wirtualnej.
Źródło:
Autobiografia Literatura Kultura Media; 2015, 4, 1; 117-124
2353-8694
2719-4361
Pojawia się w:
Autobiografia Literatura Kultura Media
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental clues in favor of a generalized norm of reciprocity
Autorzy:
Meineri, Sebastien
Dupré, Mickaël
Guéguen, Nicolas
Vallée, Boris
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
social responsibility
reciprocity
Helping behavior
Altruism
Opis:
The norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960) has only been considered and experimentally demonstrated between two individuals. However, comments from several authors invite the consideration of an expanded form of this norm. 120 passersby, randomly assigned to 3 conditions, were asked to watch a confederate’s belongings. Depending on the condition, they had either previously been given a gift or not. In addition, the gift was offered by either the confederate making the target request or by a second confederate, not initially involved. First, results show that passersby are significantly more likely to comply with the target request if they were offered a gift than if they weren’t no matter who the confederate was. Second, the confederate offering the gift gets significantly more compliance than the one not initially involved. Results are discussed in terms of self-presentation theory (Pendleton & Batson, 1979), internalization of norm (Schwartz & Howard, 1981) and positive mood induction (Isen & Al, 1978).
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 3; 375-379
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Appeal for a Creaturely Attitude to Animals in Vasily Rozanov’s Writing
Autorzy:
Mondry, Henrietta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15587717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
creaturely poetics
human-animal contact zones and reciprocity
Opis:
The work of Vasily Rozanov offers a relevant case study of our changing relation to natural-cultural contact zones with animals. Rozanov used a comparative approach to human-animal connections to change the societal attitude to the physical body and erase boundaries between human and animal corporeality. I focus on his narratives that promote a creaturely attitude to animals in the context of societal problems. The issues he addresses have special relevance to the current pandemic realia. I argue that Rozanov used both ethico-religious and secular arguments, as well as logic and emotion as part of his strategy to appeal to wider audiences. The hybrid genre of his narratives was a new form of literature that employed multiple rhetorical devices in creating creaturely poetics.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2022, 22; 195-215
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Comparative Case Study on the Social Networking of Final Year Undergraduate and Postgraduate Mathematics Students of The M.D.T. Hindu College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Autorzy:
Murugana, K.
Meenab, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Case study
postgraduate mathematics students
reciprocity
social network
sociometry
Opis:
In this experimental case study, the social relationship of individual final year under graduate and post graduate Mathematics students of The M.D.T Hindu College, Tirunelveli is compared using sociometry.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2015, 23; 46-57
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Explicit estimation of an integral in a domain by the multiple reciprocity method with the use of inverse operations
Autorzy:
Frąckowiak, A.
Ciałkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
Poisson equation
multiple reciprocity method
inverse operation
fundamental solution
Opis:
The paper presents two methods of solving the Poisson equation. One is based on the multiple reciprocity method. An analytical form of the basic solution obtained by means of inverse operation technique enabled assessing the method's error. The other is based on source function expansion into a series according to polyharmonic functions. Further polyharmonic functions have been obtained through inverse operations (with the delta -1 operator) applied to polyharmonic functions. Numerical results have confirmed perfect efficiency of both methods.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2005, 9, 2; 235-244
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychometric Evaluation of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale
Autorzy:
Wnuk, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
gratitude toward the organization
measure
reliability
social exchange
reciprocity norm
Opis:
Purpose: Gratitude is an interdisciplinary concept frequently explored in positive psychology, which recognizes gratitude as one of the seven transcendent character forces that promote well-being and life satisfaction. The purpose of the conducted research was to develop the concept of gratitude toward the organization and prepare a tool to study this phenomenon. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Participants were 802 employees from various organizations. Results: The Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale has a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α was 0.91). Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of this tool. The dimensions of gratitude toward the organization are distinguished as: (1) gratitude as a commitment to reciprocity and (2) gratitude as a moral norm. The construct validity of this measure was confirmed. Gratitude toward the organization correlated positively with job satisfaction, affective commitment to the organization, organizational justice, and perceived organizational and supervisor support, while being negatively correlated with intent to leave the organization. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm very good psychometric properties of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale as a valid and reliable measure for studying the gratitude of employees, which can be successfully used by researchers in Poland.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2020, 28(3); 149-167
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Data Reduction Method for Synthetic Transmit Aperture Algorithm
Autorzy:
Karwat, P.
Klimonda, Z.
Sęklewski, M.
Lewandowski, M.
Nowicki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ultrasonic imaging
synthetic transmit aperture
data reduction
effective aperture
reciprocity
Opis:
Ultrasonic methods of human body internal structures imaging are being continuously enhanced. New algorithms are created to improve certain output parameters. A synthetic aperture method (SA) is an example which allows to display images at higher frame-rate than in case of conventional beam-forming method. Higher computational complexity is a limitation of SA method and it can prevent from obtaining a desired reconstruction time. This problem can be solved by neglecting a part of data. Obviously it implies a decrease of imaging quality, however a proper data reduction technique would minimize the image degradation. A proposed way of data reduction can be used with synthetic transmit aperture method (STA) and it bases on an assumption that a signal obtained from any pair of transducers is the same, no matter which transducer transmits and which receives. According to this postulate, nearly a half of the data can be ignored without image quality decrease. The presented results of simulations and measurements with use of wire and tissue phantom prove that the proposed data reduction technique reduces the amount of data to be processed by half, while maintaining resolution and allowing only a small decrease of SNR and contrast of resulting images.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2010, 35, 4; 635-642
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Racial Foster Care, Contraceptive Knowledge and Adoption in Alain Locke’s Philosophy of Culture
Autorzy:
Jackson, Myron Moses
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
intimacy account
intercultural reciprocity
cultural adoption
kinship of feeling
cultural ethics
Opis:
This article confronts the problems of establishing normative restrictive claims for delegitimizing conduct and attitudes of cultural appropriation. Using C. Thi Nguyen’s and Matthew Strhol’s intimacy account (IA) as a background, I offer an alternative of cultural adoption relying upon Alain Locke’s value theory and philosophical pluralism. The phenomenon of cultural adoption I propose develops some insights from Nguyen’s and Strohl’s IA, while critiquing their framework’s perceived limitations. By adding loyalty and intensity to the prerogatives of intimacy, the hope is that a more nuanced approach to the ethical concerns of cultural adoption will be achieved. My contention is that Locke’s notions of a racial sense or kinship feeling provides stronger grounds for establishing an ethics of the passerby or what I will call non-intimate encounters. Next, I will argue that the interpersonal relations of groups cannot be interpreted as simple, but only as complex wholes. Instead of monoliths and exclusive binaries, we have to recognize variation within groups and learn to think in what Albert Murray calls “mulatto,” or a culture of novel hybrids. In the final section, I argue that Locke’s philosophy, broadly construed, operates as a contraceptive knowledge against the growing imperial apathy of populists and absolutists. We should work to abandon forms of political and epistemological violence by rejecting these forms of cultural abuse. It is my grand contention that human groups express in their differences a uniqueness that makes us distrust or admire and like each other.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2022, 6, 3; 62-78
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uniqueness, reciprocity theorems and plane wave propagation in different theories of thermoelasticy
Autorzy:
Kumar, R.
Gupta, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
termoelastyczność
fala płaska
termosprężystość
isotropic
thermoelasticity
uniqueness theorem
reciprocity theorem
plane wave
Opis:
In this work, a compact form of different theories of thermoelasticity is considered. The governing equations for particle motion in a homogeneous isotropic thermoelastic medium are presented. Uniqueness and reciprocity theorems are proved. The plane wave propagation in a homogeneous isotropic thermoelastic medium is studied. For a three dimensional problem there exist four waves, namely a P-wave, two transverse waves (S1, S2) and a thermal wave (T). From the obtained results the different characteristics of waves such as the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are computed numerically and presented graphically. Some special cases are also discussed.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2013, 18, 4; 1067-1086
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Path to a Countermovement? Forms of Integration in Polish Consumer Cooperatives
Autorzy:
Bilewicz, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
consumer cooperatives
embedded economy
forms of economic integration
reciprocity
countermovement
Karl Polanyi.
Opis:
This paper discusses Polish consumer cooperatives in terms of the embedded economy as understood by Karl Polanyi. The author compares today‟s “new” cooperatives, or informal groups of consumers that have been emerging in Poland since 2010, with the “old” consumer cooperative movement that existed between 1906 and 1939, as represented mainly by the “Społem” consumer cooperative union. Following Polanyi‟s understanding of the relationship between human economy and social institutions, I analyse reciprocity and redistribution as forms of economic integration in past and present cooperatives. Although the “new” cooperatives refer to the prewar cooperative traditions, their structure and economic operation differ vastly from the original model. I argue that the present structure of consumer cooperatives does not provide a base for symmetry and centricity – “supporting structures” for reciprocity and redistribution – although some of the new cooperatives do offer solutions for those deficits. This paper also discusses the nature of class barriers in the contemporary and historical consumer-cooperative movement, and relates this issue to Polanyian notions of countermovement and class interest.
Źródło:
Praktyka Teoretyczna; 2018, 27, 1; 133-167
2081-8130
Pojawia się w:
Praktyka Teoretyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Dyad and the Third Party: The Traces of Simmel’s Distinction in Phenomenology and Family Studies
Autorzy:
Kostrova, Elizaveta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Projekt Avant
Tematy:
community
family studies
intimacy
Lévinas
Marion
phenomenology
reciprocity
Simmel
the other
the third party
Waldenfels
Opis:
The paper confronts Georg Simmel’s distinction between the dyad and the triad with the phenomenological analysis of analogous structures undertaken by E. Lévinas, B. Waldenfels, and J.-L. Marion. Simmel insists on keeping the dyad and the triad apart while only the triad is considered worthy of sociological research. On the contrary, phenomenologists reveal deep interrelation between the relationship with the other and the third party where the latter is actually co-present in the dyad. The presupposed link between the two and the three implies a different understanding of sociality that would respect its members in their uniqueness, unlike the world of interchangeable individualities common for social science. The third party can appear as the dimension of law and the ordinary (in Waldenfels), as the other of the other and the figure of humanity (in Lévinas), or as the child in the case of erotic relationship (in Marion). The last aspect of the third party provides a link to family studies. A brief outline of the situation illustrates oscillation between the triadic and dyadic interpretations of the family with the apparent prevalence of the dyad in recent decades.
Źródło:
Avant; 2018, 9, 2; 187-202
2082-6710
Pojawia się w:
Avant
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subverting the Idea(l) of Equal Opportunity in Global Trade: The Paradoxes of Differentiation for Peripheral States
Autorzy:
Alcazar III, Antonio Salvador M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
equal opportunity
just trade
diffuse reciprocity
nonreciprocal trade preferences
developing countries
least developed countries
Opis:
The existing multilateral trade regime is often beleaguered for unfairly privileging its Western guarantors. Since not all countries command the same opportunity sets to compete in global markets, world trade rules sanction über-rich markets to extend autonomous trade concessions to capital-poor countries without demanding any reciprocal treatment. Given the entanglements of trade in the thorny issues of international development and distributive justice, this paper joins a crowded trade as/and fairness debate by judging how the present global economic order (dis)favors developing and least developed countries on the basis of equal opportunity. In a Roemerian-Rawlsian reading of economic fairness, I start by elevating the demands of diffuse reciprocity over the misguided minimalism of mutual reciprocity in a twin attempt to morally defend asymmetric exchanges between asymmetric trading partners and to redress background inequalities in access to the merits of commerce. While the notion and praxis of altruism in international trade generally allude to northern democracies in modern political thought, this article also unmasks parallel models of special and differential treatment projects lorded over by two seemingly unusual suspects: the Eurasian Economic Union and the People’s Republic of China. In juxtaposing weak and strong conceptions of equal opportunity vis-à-vis leading compensatory measures presently open to needy nations, I articulate how the strong standard of equal opportunity is partially cantilevered by existing level-playing-field structures and yet brutally bulldozed at once by the politics of donor discretion. Finally, although a diluted form of diffuse reciprocity grows more fashionable among affluent and emerging economies, unlocking the strong standard of equal opportunity still insists on a solidaristic system of preferences to diffuse both opportunities and obligations arising from a less tilted trading order as widely and deeply as possible.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2019, 2 (48); 245-266
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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