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Tytuł:
European Fiscal Compact as a spur for governments to maintain sound and sustainable public finances
Autorzy:
Rychlewska, Aleksandra
Hotel, Marcin
Marek, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Europejskie Stowarzyszenie Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Tematy:
European Fiscal Compact
public finances
Opis:
Talking about the economic crisis in Europe, the so called ‘European sovereign debt crisis’ (also referred as the Eurozone crisis) is an ongoing problem which most Member States of the EuropeanUnion (further referred as the EU) have been dealing with. Resulted from a combination of complex factors, it is claimed that the landmark – apart from easy credit conditions in a period of 2002–2008 that encouraged high-risk lending and borrowing practices – was the monetary union among the Eurozone without the fiscal one.1 While the setting of central bank interest rates and monetary easing was determined by the European Central Bank, taxation and government spending remained mostly under the control of national governments. Despite the fact that in 1992 Members of the EU signed the Maastricht Treaty pledging to limit their deficit spending and debt levels, the very idea to let the EU coordinate the fiscal policies of Member States conceived in the late 1990s. Notwithstanding, the Stability and Growth Pact2 – an agreement reached in order to facilitate and maintain the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), has occurred to be unenforceable instrument and has not prevented the financial crisis among the Eurozone. What was said to cure the crisis, was – according to the abovementioned - the stricter fiscal regulation. This paper intends to shed some light on the issue.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland; 2013, 1; 41-46
2299-8055
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stock-flow adjustment in the evaluation of public debt dynamics in Poland
Autorzy:
Piątkowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
public debt
stock-flow adjustment
public finances
Opis:
Goal – The aim of the paper is to analyse the significance of the economic category referred to as stock-flow adjustment (SFA) for the evaluation of the level and dynamics of public debt in Poland. The category is an important part of the analyses called excessive deficit procedure (EDP) conducted by The European Commission. It is also a major contributor to the growth of public debt. It is also related to political activities which fall into the category of creative accounting. Stock-flow adjustment is, therefore, a threat to the stability of public debt. In spite of all this, SFA is not taken into account in Polish documents related to debt management. Research methodology – The analysis performed by the Author is based on the desk research method. It is mostly a qualitative analysis, relying on the literature and both strategic and operational documents of the European Commission and the Polish Ministry of Finance. Stock-flow adjustment is widely regarded in literature as an expression of the hidden part of public debt dynamics. This paper offers an evaluation of SFA’s influence on public debt and its different degrees across both developing and developed countries. Moreover, the documents of the European Commission and the Polish Ministry of Finances are analysed from the point of view of SFA. Score – The analysis undertaken in the paper reveals that stock-flow adjustment has a strong impact on the occurrence of the so-called debt pikes, i.e. sharp increases in public debt. Many authors’ conclusions confirm that SFA considerably affects the level of debt. They also associate it with the restrictiveness of fiscal rules and creative accounting. Thus, SFA is an important element of public debt sustainability. SFA is included in European Commission analyses, but fails to be recognized by Polish documents. It is strongly recommended that SFA is taken into consideration in public debt management in Poland.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 3(93); 126-142
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
National parks in the new legal and economic environment
Parki narodowe w nowych realiach prawnych i ekonomicznych
Autorzy:
Zawilińska, Bernadetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
national parks
local development
public finances
Opis:
The article presents the evolution of the legal environment and funding of national parks in Poland against worldwide trends in the funding of protected areas. Following transformations between 2010 and 2012, Polish national parks evolved from state budget entities into state-owned legal entities, largely autonomous in terms of organisation and finance. They have become visibly more active in raising funds for their own needs, be it through funded projects or business activities. Issues concerning sources of funding are discussed on the basis of the example of Babia Góra National Park. The Park’s “own funds” (raised through its own activity), mainly sale of wood, are its key budget item.
Źródło:
Biblioteka Regionalisty; 2015, 15; 113-122
2081-4461
Pojawia się w:
Biblioteka Regionalisty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interdisciplinary interplay between government programs, politics and demography as exemplified by the Polish family 500+ program: assumptions and first experiences
Autorzy:
Guziejewska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
public programs
family planning
Family 500+ program
public finances
Opis:
Purpose – In 2016 the Polish government launched the Family 500+ program. This family policy instrument is regarded as a unique but debatable measure. The paper assesses the program in terms of interdisciplinary relationships between public programs, politics, sociology and demography.Research method – The research for the paper was carried out using a qualitative case study-based method. A critical analysis of the relevant legislation, public policy assumptions, reports, and earlier studies was performed. The data contained in the Demographic Yearbook of Poland [2018, 2019, 2020] published by Statistics Poland and simple methods of descriptive statistics were also used.Results – The conclusions from the research are that while the program’s effect on the demographic situation in Poland is limited, it helps reduce poverty, supports families and politically benefits the ruling party. They also suggest that the current sociological, social, cultural, historical, and political factors have an essential influence on how this type of programs is received by voters and on their success.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The program has prevented the demographic gap in Poland from widening. A new study using simulation modelling will seek to determine whether it also reduces poverty among families with children. The program’s demographic effectiveness and its effect on the female labor market should be further studied in the future.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2021, 4(106); 30-44
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Structure of Public Debt and the Criteria of Its Sustainability
Autorzy:
Piątkowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
sustainable public debt
sustainable public finances
local government units
Opis:
Theoretical background: Sustainable development is a wide and developing economic concept. The sustainability of public finances is one of its basic parts. Sustainable public finances are still perceived rather narrowly in terms of their impact on the financial stability of the state. Such an approach to them narrows their perception and should be extended to other aspects such as influence on social and ecological problems of development. Sustainable public debt is and will continue to be a foundation of sustainable public finances. It should be assessed as sustainable public debt, taking into account both its impact on the sustainability of public finances as well as the possibility of providing public services in the future and the achievement of economic, social, and environmental goals of sustainable development.Purpose of the article: The article aims to assess the impact of the differentiation of legal regulations concerning the debt of the central government and the local government subsector on the level of sustainability of public debt in Poland. The paper will verify the hypothesis that the differentiation of debt regulations between the analyzed public finance subsectors has an impact on the sustainability of public debt. The unification of some regulations could probably increase the level of sustainability of public debt.Research methods: Firstly, the analysis of legal solutions based on the desk-research principle was used in the article. Then, public debt sustainability assessment methods were used to assess the degree of sustainability of the central government subsector debt and the local government subsector debt. The stationarity analysis of time series based on the unit root test was applied. The analysis was performed using the KPSS test. An analysis of correlation and regression between the variables public debt and primary balance was performed.  In the aspects that do not have a developed test method, it was proposed to use evaluation methods such as the European taxonomy and the analysis of quantity and value of green bond issues, the share of investment expenditure, and green tagging of expenditure.Main findings: The conducted analysis shows that the regulations concerning the debt of the central government subsector are much more liberal. That fact has a negative impact on the sustainability of public debt. This applies in particular to the aspect of sustainability of development, where the purpose of spending the raised funds is important. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis shows that both parts of the debt in Poland are not sustainable according to the criteria of the methods. However, the debt of the local government subsector is much closer to sustainability in all three aspects.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2022, 56, 3; 89-107
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constitutionalisation of Fiscal Rules in Times of Financial Crises – a Cure or a Trap?
Autorzy:
Kielin, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
budget
public finances
Constitution
fiscal policy rules
debt rule
Opis:
The global financial crisis of 2008 undoubtedly had a significant impact on the constitutional regulation of economic and financial matters. As a consequence of economic downturn six EU Member States (Germany, Spain, Slovakia, Slovenia, Italy and Hungary) have amended their constitutions. With economic crisis caused by global pandemic of, the new discussion about constitutional fiscal policy rules is expected. New economic downturn is one of the most important challenges for the constitutional fiscal rules, which undoubtedly will verify their functioning and effectiveness. The main purpose of this paper is to find out if constitutional fiscal policy rules is a cure or trap in times of financial crisis. According to the hypothesis adopted, constitutional fiscal rules can be an effective tool. The article has the following structure. In the first and second part I describe constitutional fiscal rules. The third part concerns the method of constitutionalisation. Subsequently, I am focus on effectiveness of constitutional fiscal policy rules. The last part of the article contains conclusions.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 2; 94-112
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatiotemporal analysis of Polish municipal budget expenditure on selected categories of cultural institutions in the years 2003 to 2016
Autorzy:
Suchecki, Adam Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
Tematy:
spatial shift-share analysis
cultural economics
public finances
municipal budgets
Opis:
Objectives: The main aim of the article is to analyse changes in spending on culture with regard to four selected groups: libraries, community cultural centres, heritage and monument protection, and others in the years 2003 to 2016. This article also looks at the sum of municipal budgets in individual provinces. Research Design and Methods: For the selected years, location quotients (LQ) were used to show the spatial diversity of cultural expenditure in the municipalities of particular voivodships. To illustrate the diversity of municipal expenditure on culture in particular years of the analysis was made using a dynamic modification of Knudsen’s regression model of share transfers proposed by Berzeg (the SSANOVA model). Findings: The increase in the share of cultural expenditure followed by a decline thereof may indicate that in 2011-2014 the municipalities in Poland made significant expenditure on culture, which could have been aimed at improving both hard and soft cultural infrastructure. Analysis using the Knudsen model revealed a disturbing tendency to decrease the share of municipal expenditure devoted to culture in total expenditure. Implications/Recommendations: The fact that the majority of municipalities in Poland in the analysed period devoted a higher share of expenditure to cultural purposes than average spending of this type for Poland may indicate a change in the approach of local authorities to the culture as a potential factor for the development of a municipality, rather than unnecessary budget expenditure. The downward trend in the share of cultural expenditure of municipalities in their total expenditure may, though not necessarily does, indicate a change in the direction of cultural policy of local governments in Poland. Contribution/Value Added: This approach opens new possibilities for analysing cultural expenditure from local budgets, as well as local cultural policies and the effectiveness of public finances.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance; 2019, 2(48); 37-44
1898-3529
2658-1116
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fiscal rules as institutional tools for public debt management in the European Union Member States
Autorzy:
Stawiarska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22792591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
fiscal rules
public debt management
fiscal policy
public finances solvency
institutional governance
Opis:
This paper aims to assess the impact of the second-generation numerical fiscal rules on the effectiveness of public debt management in the Member States of the European Union. The research was conducted using dynamic panel models on a sample of 27 EU Member States over the period 2008–2021. The effectiveness of public debt management was determined by the level of public debt servicing costs, considering not only the impact of the quality of numerical fiscal rules on interest payments, but also other factors influenced by these rules, such as the quality of fiscal policy, the solvency of public finances and the quality of institutional governance. The motivation for this topic was to evaluate the effectiveness of the second-generation numerical fiscal rules following the changes made to their design in the context of the reconstruction of the EU fiscal surveillance system after the global economic and financial crisis of 2008–2010. The research has found that strong numerical fiscal rules improve the effectiveness of public debt management. In addition, stable fiscal policy and higher solvency of public finances, as well as political stability and the absence of violence, are conducive to lower public debt servicing costs. This paper enriches the literature by extending it with a new approach to fiscal rules, highlighting their multifaceted impact on the quality of public debt management.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2023, 10, 57; 414-428
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Limitation of public debt on the verge of financial crisis
Autorzy:
Vuongova, Andrea
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
budgetary responsibility
sound public finances
fiscal rules
expenditure rule
debt rule.
Opis:
The foretaste of the financial crisis raises the question of the functioning, application and enforcement of measures to ensure sound and sustainable public finances. The limitation of public debt was enshrined in law in the Czech legal system in 2017, and in April of this year one of the established fiscal rules was amended. The aim of this article is to critically analyze the adjustment of the public debt limitation that has been undertaken in the context of the current crisis caused by the spread of COVID-19. The introduction of the article will describe the European and Czech context of the limitation of public debt and setting budgetary responsibility. Subsequently, the article briefly summarizes the effects of the coronavirus crisis on the implementation of the state budget and, consequently, the justification for the legislative change of the set fiscal rule. The methods used in the article are mainly the method of literary research relevant sources, the method of description of the limitation of the public debt regulation in European union and in passages describing the current state of budgetary responsibility rules. Method of evaluation appears in the parts of the work evaluating the legislative adjustments to budgetary responsibility rules due to the coronavirus crises.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2020, 20, 4; 105-117
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the Minister Competent for Public Finances in Determining the Scope of National Public Debt. Selected Issues
Autorzy:
Kucia-Guściora, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
the minister competent for public finances
public debt
State Treasury debt
public
finance sector
Opis:
The article discusses the role of the minister competent for public finances in determining the scope of public debt. The Author demonstrates that with regard to the determination of public debt the minister competent for public finances has been authorised to determine its subjective and objective scope as well as calculation methodology. The article analyses the legal framework of the public finance act and the delegation of legislative powers to the minister in the light of claims of unconstitutionality made with respect to the practical application of financial law. The Author claims the minister’s very comprehensive prerogatives enable him to take discretionary measures. This argument is confirmed by the way of the subjective competences described in the study are implemented which is reflected by such blanket competences granted to the minister. They do not have sufficient certainty, which in turn has led to the extension of the material scope of debt stipulated in the law, affecting the financial situation of entities of public finance sector, especially that of local government units.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2017, 27, 4; 37-56
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The contract for public procurement in system of public sector institutions’ the management
Kontrakt w zamówieniach publicznych w systemie zarządzania jednostkami sektora publicznego
Autorzy:
Pindel, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/112600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
zarządzanie
finanse publiczne
zamówienie
kontrakt
umowa
management
public finances
contract
order
agreement
Opis:
Niniejszy artykuł odnosi się do kwestii udzielania zamówień publicznych i zawierania umów przez organizacje sektora publicznego. Umowy te stanowią istotny element systemu zarządzania zamówieniami z uwagi na stopień ich uregulowania oraz obostrzenia, jakim podlegają podmioty zobligowane do ich stosowania, co wynika z przepisów o dysponowaniu środkami publicznymi . W opracowaniu omówiono rozwiązania i ograniczenia w zakresie prawa, wymagane w tym zakresie, wskazując jednocześnie szeroki wachlarz możliwości kształtowania postanowień tych dokumentów, wynikający z zasady swobody umów. To studium przypadku podkreśla również konieczność kształtowania treści analizowanych umów w porozumieniu z zasadami starannej gospodarki, które są obowiązujące dla instytucji sektora publicznego.
Źródło:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji; 2012, 1 (1); 172-178
2391-9361
Pojawia się w:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxation of the Self‑employed in Poland and other EU Countries – a Comparative Analysis
Opodatkowanie samozatrudnionych w Polsce i w pozostałych krajach UE – analiza porównawcza
Autorzy:
Krajewska, Anna
Krajewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
samozatrudnienie
podatki
rynek pracy
finanse publiczne
self‑employment
taxes
labor market
public finances
Opis:
The article aims to compare the taxation of the self‑employed in Poland and other EU countries. We show that, for years, Poland has been at the forefront of EU countries with the highest self‑employment rates. Our analysis indicates that many people in Poland chose the status of self‑employed, guided by tax optimization. Due to large differences in the burden of income tax and social security contributions of people working full‑time and choosing self‑employment, there are strong incentives to move from employment to fictitious self‑employment. Our study shows that this significantly affects the revenues of the state budget and social security fund in Poland.
Celem artykułu jest porównanie opodatkowania osób samozatrudnionych w Polsce z rozwiązaniami stosowanymi w innych krajach Unii Europejskiej. W artykule wykazane zostało, że polski rynek pracy cechuje się bardzo wysokim udziałem osób samozatrudnionych. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że istotną przyczyną tego popularności samozatrudnienia w Polsce jest optymalizacja podatkowa. Ze względu na duże różnice pomiędzy obciążeniami podatkowymi osób pracujących na etat i osób samozatrudnionych występują silne bodźce do prowadzenia fikcyjnego samozatrudnienia. W artykule ukazane jest, że zjawisko to silnie wpływa zarówno na dochody budżetu państwa jak i dochody Funduszu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2021, 24, 2; 69-85
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF AGEING SOCIETY IN POLAND
Autorzy:
Bałandynowicz-Panfil, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Demographic Change
Ageing Society
Economics of the Elderly
Public Finances
Retirement Policies
Labour Force
Employment
Opis:
This paper investigates the relationship between demographic change and economic growth and confirms that the process of society ageing effects the economy. The impact is transmitted through social security, healthcare and, the most important, labour market. Ageing society results in the growing number of older workers and older customers. There is a strong need to adapt products, services and procedures to the new expectances of this older society. Nevertheless, the mentioned challenges should be treated more as a threat for public finances. In Poland, the process of ageing society is running. Combined with economic transition, which is not finished yet, it is becoming one of the major barriers in Polish way to achieve global competitiveness. There are several examples of political decisions, which indicate the growing concerns of this demographic change. However, there is much more to be done in that matter, and new channels must be created in order to solve this problem.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2008, 1, 1; 1-14
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EFFECTS OF A PUBLIC DEBT AND DEFICIT BUDGET
SKUTKI DŁUGU PUBLICZNEGO I DEFICYTU BUDŻETOWEGO
Autorzy:
Szybowski, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax law
budget deficit
public debt
public finances
state budget
tax policy
prawo podatkowe
deficyt budżetowy
dług publiczny
finanse publiczne
budżet państwa
polityka podatkowa
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the effects of the public debt and the budget deficit. The public debt is a result of the lack of adequate income earned by the financial sector, what means that it must incur liabilities to be able to carry out its tasks or improper management of the state budget funds - what results in the budget deficit. The size of the state's debt and the public debt has a very large impact on the socio-economic situation of the country as well as on its financial policy. Due to the high indebtedness of the state, the whole economy is disturbed, the state authorities are not able to allocate an adequate amount of the funds to stimulate investments. Such actions slow down the dynamics of economic development, what means that the state authorities most often look for savings. Unfortunately, this usually happens at the expense of the ordinary citizens. Countries that have a high level of the debts tend to lose their credibility internationally. This may result in the fall in the foreign investments and the outflow of the foreign capital.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemu dotyczącego skutków wystąpienia długu publicznego i deficytu budżetowego. Dług publiczny jest skutkiem braku odpowiednich dochodów osiąganych przez sektor finansowy, co powoduje, że musi on zaciągać zobowiązania, żeby móc realizować swoje zadania, bądź niewłaściwego gospodarowania środkami budżetu państwa – przez co doprowadza to do powstania deficytu budżetowego. Wielkość zadłużenia państwa i długu publicznego ma bardzo duży wpływ na sytuację społeczno-ekonomiczną kraju jak również na politykę finansową. Przez wysoki wskaźnik zadłużenia państwa zachwiana zostaje cała gospodarka, władze państwa nie są w stanie asygnować odpowiedniej ilości środków na pobudzanie inwestycji. Takie działania powodują spowolnienie dynamiki rozwoju ekonomicznego, przez co władze państwa najczęściej szukają oszczędności. Niestety zazwyczaj dzieje się to kosztem zwykłych obywateli. Państwa które mają wysoki stopień zadłużenia zazwyczaj tracą wiarygodność na arenie międzynarodowej. Powodować to może spadek zagranicznych inwestycji i odpływ obcego kapitału.
Źródło:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences; 2018, 8(2); 173-183
2450-2146
2451-1064
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification and quantification of the fiscal effects of electricity generation in Poland
Autorzy:
Kochański, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Centrum Badań i Innowacji Pro-Akademia
Tematy:
electricity
cost benefit analysis
public finances
energy economics
energy subsidies
elektryczność
analiza kosztów i korzyści
finanse publiczne
gospodarka energetyczna
dotacje energetyczne
Opis:
The economic costs of electricity generation in Poland differ significantly from its accounting costs. Overt and covert forms of public support and taxation obscure the picture of the relationship between the public sector and the energy industry, and give rise to speculations whether one generation technology is privileged over another, i.e. used more often than other technologies with lower economic costs. The analysis presented in this article shows that there are significant differences in terms of impact of individual electricity generation technologies on public finances in Poland.
Źródło:
Acta Innovations; 2016, 21; 71-80
2300-5599
Pojawia się w:
Acta Innovations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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