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    Tytuł:
    Antonio Santa Croce and Giovanni Battista Pallotta – Cooperation between the Warsaw and Vienna Nunciatures in 1629. A Contribution to the Study of Horizontal Communication within the Structures of the Papal Diplomatic Service
    Autorzy:
    Duda, Paweł
    Litwin, Henryk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31058917.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    nuncios
    Poland-Lithuania
    correspondence
    Antonio Santa Croce
    Giovanni Battista Pallotta
    Opis:
    The article deals with communication and interaction between papal diplomatic missions in the early modern era. Mainly due to a lack of extant source materials, it remains the white spot in the research into the history of Polish and foreign nuncios. However, thanks to materials from Archivio di Stato di Roma, namely the section of Archivio Santa Croce containing the originals of letters received by Nuncio Antonio Santa Croce in 1629, it is possible to attempt at least a partial reconstruction of the collaboration between the papal diplomat residing at the Court of Warsaw and his counterpart at the Court of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg in Vienna, Giovanni Battista Pallotta. The correspondence analysis allows us to conclude that the contacts between the papal diplomats residing in Warsaw and Vienna in 1629, and probably earlier and later, were regular and intensive. We can assume that the routine products of the information and analytical work carried out for the Secretariat of State by both papal missions were shared in the correspondence, and the Nunciatures of Vienna and Warsaw were thus well informed about the course of affairs related to the pan-European conflict in several theatres of war. However, they also communicated and cooperated on strictly ecclesiastical matters, such as the ongoing reform of religious congregations in the 1620s.
    Źródło:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2022, 6; 31-64
    2545-1685
    2545-1693
    Pojawia się w:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mobbing and corporate social responsibility: does the status of the organisation guarantee employee wellbeing and intentions to stay in the job?
    Autorzy:
    Vveinhardt, Jolita
    Sroka, Włodzimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233604.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    workplace mobbing
    employees’ emotional state
    employee intentions
    CSR
    Poland & Lithuania
    Opis:
    Research background: In spite of abundant evidence that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) contributes to improving the emotional state of employees as stakeholders and can serve as a useful tool for reduction of their turnover in organizations, until now, it remains unclear how the different status of CSR is related to consequences accompanying mobbing. Purpose of the article: This study compares the emotional state and intentions of Polish and Lithuanian organizations' employees who have experienced mobbing with regard to the status of CSR. The paper presents part of the results of a wider study conducted in two neighbouring states, which are exclusively related to the employees' emotional state and employee intentions after experiencing mobbing in the workplace. Methods: The research sample involved 823 respondents employed in Lithuania and Poland. The questionnaire survey was conducted using the questionnaire "Mobbing as a Psychosocial Stressor in the Organizations Accessing and Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility - MOB-CSR". Comparisons are made with regard to and CSR and relate to Lithuania (LT) and Poland (PL), when organisations are divided into three groups: (I) Is CSR; (II) Seeks to be-come CSR and (III) Does not seek to become CSR. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used as the research methods. Findings & Value added: CSR is related to employees' better emotional state and lesser intentions to leave the organisation, but the study revealed unexpected results showing that according to certain parameters, the situation in the organisations seeking CSR was better than in those already declaring this status (e.g. the feeling of hopelessness, reluctance to seek better results, etc.). It is discussed why the results between countries that have similar historical experience and are culturally close differ. The conclusions emphasize the necessity for practitioners and researchers to evaluate the impact of change on employees' emotional state and intentions at different stages of CSR implementation more carefully. Besides, the results revealed a significant impact of the different status of enterprises with regard to CSR on employees' emotional state and intentions to stay in the job. This article contributes to the literature analysing organizational management by filling gaps in empirical research on CSR, mobbing, employees' emotional state and intentions in different cultures.
    Źródło:
    Oeconomia Copernicana; 2020, 11, 4; 743-778
    2083-1277
    Pojawia się w:
    Oeconomia Copernicana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Diplomats as Poets, Poets as Diplomats. Poetic Gifts and Literary Reflections on the Dutch Mediations between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century
    Autorzy:
    Hulsenboom, Paul
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/695699.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    diplomatic poetics
    gift exchange
    literary representation
    Dutch Republic
    Poland-Lithuania
    Sweden
    Danzig
    Opis:
    This article examines two Dutch diplomatic missions, in 1627–28 and 1635, by which the United Provinces intervened in a Polish-Swedish armed conflict in Prussia. The focus is on ‘diplomatic poetics’: the ways in which literature functioned within diplomatic practice, and how that practice (or the ‘diplomatic moment’) was in turn envisioned in literature. The Polish-Swedish conflict was of great interest to the United Provinces, and was elaborately discussed in various Dutch media, as well as in the correspondences of merchants and politicians. The Dutch embassies to Polish territories themselves, meanwhile, inspired a number of literary works, published mostly in the Republic, but also in for example Danzig and Königsberg. These sources demonstrate how early modern literary and diplomatic practices in Europe overlapped and influenced each other. Firstly, German, French and Dutch poems by Johannes Plavius, Simon van Beaumont and Joost van den Vondel illustrate the blurring of the lines between the realms of diplomacy and literature. Poems could function as diplomatic gifts, enabling both personal, intellectual communication and the widespread transmission of political messages. Moreover, Latin and German plays by Johannes Narssius and Simon Dach, and more importantly Latin poems by Simon van Beaumont and Caspar Barlaeus, as well as an illustrated Dutch account of the first mission by Abraham Booth, reveal that the Dutch envoys featured in literary narratives as both wise peace bringers and travelling poets, and their missions to Poland as both arduous ordeals and epic adventures. Much like poetic gifts, these literary reflections on ‘the diplomatic moment’ had public diplomatic agency, simultaneously voicing political opinions and crafting artistic images of the diplomats themselves.
    Źródło:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2019, 3
    2545-1685
    2545-1693
    Pojawia się w:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    THE ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS OF LITHUANIAN-POLISH BORDER REGION’S CITIES: THE SPECIFIC OF URBAN SHRINKAGE
    Autorzy:
    Bruneckienė, Jurgita
    Sinkienė, Jolita
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517365.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    shrinking cities
    border region
    economic competitiveness of cities
    Lithuania – Poland
    Opis:
    The topic of “urban shrinkage” is receiving increasing attention in the political urban agendas of many countries. In the global market, cities, which suffer from consequences of urban decline, confront with new challenges in finding and applying creative solutions to strengthen their economic development and competitiveness. Shrinkage processes are especially widespread in the cities which are smaller and less attractive to live and work. The same tendencies are seen at national border regions. The article explains the general causes and consequences of urban shrinkage process emphasizing problems that have a direct impact on the improvement of urban economic competitiveness. The urban economic competitiveness evaluation methodology under the context of shrinkage is developed and its practical applicability is verified on the example of border cities. Various strategies of solving problems of shrinkage are overlooked. Recommendations to improve the economic development and competitiveness of Lithuanian-Polish cross border cities Alytus and Ełk in the context of urban shrinkage are introduced.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2015, 10, 4; 133-149
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Witchcraft Trial in Doruchów in 1775 Fact or Myth?
    Proces o czary w Doruchowie w 1775 roku. Fakt czy mit?
    Autorzy:
    Wijaczka, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23050676.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    procesy o czary
    Doruchów
    państwo polsko-litewskie
    Wielkopolska
    wiek XVIII
    historia płci
    witch trials
    Poland-Lithuania Coommonwealth
    Greater Poland
    18th century
    gender study
    Opis:
    W tym artykule autor podsumował dyskusję na temat pojawiającego się w literaturze przedmiotu procesu o czary w Doruchowie w 1775 r. Oprócz anonimowej Relacyi naocznego świadka opublikowanej w 1835 r. na łamach „Przyjaciela Ludu” oraz ankiety z 1828 r., brak jest przesłanek, które jednoznacznie pozwoliłyby stwierdzić, że taki proces rzeczywiście przeprowadzono i na mocy wyroku życie straciło aż 14 kobiet. Proces ten jest – zdaniem autora – mitem, a autor Relacyi… z wiadomych tylko sobie powodów umiejscowił go w Doruchowie w tym konkretnym roku. Z całą pewnością jedyny proces o czary, potwierdzony źródłowo, przeprowadzono w Doruchowie w 1762 r.
    In this article, the author summarized the discussion on the theme emerging in the subject literature on Doruchów witchcraft trial of 1775. Except for the anonymous eyewitness account [Relacya], published in 1835 in the column of the “Przyjaciel Ludu” [Friend of the People] and a survey of 1828, there is no definite indication that such trial actually took place, and that up to fourteen women lost their lives after having been sentenced to death. The author of this article maintains that the trial is a myth, and the author of Relacya set it in Doruchów in that particular year for the reasons known only to himself. With all certainty, the only witchcraft trial confirmed by sources took place in Doruchów in 1762.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2023, 22, 2; 83-109
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    From the Union of Lublin to the Mutual Guarantee of the Two Nations
    Autorzy:
    Malec, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308732.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Union of Lublin
    Mutual Guarantee of the Two Nations
    union of Poland and Lithuania
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study is to show changes in the legal and political nature of the alliance between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania over the centuries, from the Union concluded in Lublin in 1569, through the so-called ‘coequatio iuris’ of 1697, until the regulations adopted in the Constitution of May 3, and the “Reciprocal Guarantee of Both Nations” crowning the process and passed at the Four-Year Sejm on October 20, 1791. The study uses a wide range of archival manuscript sources, old prints, parliamentary legislation, and also numerous studies using both old and current literature. The main research goal of the study was to show to what extent the changes in the legal nature of the union of the two countries led to their full unification, which was in the past (and sometimes still is) the interpretation of this process in many studies, and to what extent the federalist character of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was preserved, which is nowadays the dominant view and which the author of this study is a strong supporter of.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2023, 22, 1; 455-484
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete in pine forest on the Lithuania-Poland transboundary region
    Autorzy:
    Stankeviciene, D.
    Kasparavicius, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/67304.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    ectomycorrhizal fungi
    fungi
    Basidiomycetes
    pine forest
    Lithuania-Poland transboundary region
    species richness
    sporocarp
    abundance
    Opis:
    The diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi and sporocarps abundance were investigated in 2003-2005 at nine permanent study plots in a 50-year-old pine forest. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi consist of 53 taxa and the majority of them belonged to the genera Cortinarius, Russula, Amanita and Tricholoma. The most frequent species, whose fruit bodies were found in each study plot, were C. cibarius, L. necator L. rufus, P. involutus, R. aeruginea, T. saponaceumand the most abundant species which made the main part of total sporocarp yield were C. cibarius and P. involutus. The lowest species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi was in study plots with the densest cover of grasses. Maximum of species over the fruiting period was characteristic for October and for September. It was noticed that some species virtually never occurred together at the same plot (e.g. C. cibarius and H. aurantiaca), meanwhile others occurred together quite frequently (e.g. H. aurantiacaand X. badius).
    Źródło:
    Acta Mycologica; 2007, 42, 1
    0001-625X
    2353-074X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Mycologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    EAST PRUSSIA, LITHUANIA AND THE SOVIET UNION AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR: THE FOREIGN STRATEGY OF A GERMAN EXCLAVE DURING THE 1920S
    Східна Пруссія, Литва і Радянський Союз після Першої світової війни: зовнішня стратегія німецького ексклаву в 1920-і рр.
    Autorzy:
    Shindo, Rikako
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894413.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Institute of World History
    Tematy:
    The First World War, East Prussia, Lithuania, Poland
    Перша світова війна, Східна Пруссія, Польща, Литва
    Opis:
    Автор аналізує зовнішньополітичну стратегію Східної Пруссії. Особлива увага приділяється шляхам та стратегіям, якими Східна Пруссія намагалася подолати політичні та економічні труднощі, які виникли після того, як вона опинилася оточеною з усіх боків іноземними державами упродовж 1920-х рр. Після Першої світової війн, метою Східної Пруссії було відновлення своїх попередніх торговельних відносини з регіонами колишньої Російської імперії. Інтенсивна боротьба за виживання, в якій брали участь місцеві і регіональні органи влади Кенігсберга і його економічні представники призвела до того, що провінція сформувалася як ексклав, що було унікальним не тільки в історії Пруссії, але і в історії Німеччини. Через нерозв’язні територіальні конфлікти у Східній Європі, всі спроби дійти згоди в даній ситуації були не повною мірою успішними.
    This paper deals with the foreign strategy of East Prussia after World War I. Special consideration is given to the ways in which East Prussia tried to overcome the political and economic difficulties that had arisen when it found itself surrounded on all sides by foreign countries during the 1920s. After the World War I, East Prussia aimed to re-establish its previous trade relations with the regions of the former Russian Empire. The intensive struggle for survival in which the local and regional governments of Königsberg and its economic representatives were involved resulted from the fact that the province now formed an exclave – a unique situation not only in the history of Prussia, but also in the history of Germany. Owing to the unsolvable territorial conflicts in Eastern Europe, all attempts to come to terms with the situation and its implications were doomed to have only very limited success.
    Źródło:
    Проблеми всесвітньої історії; 2016, 1; 131-146
    2707-6776
    Pojawia się w:
    Проблеми всесвітньої історії
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Samuel Dickstein and his publication on Ignacy Domeyko’s master’s dissertation (thesis) at University in Vilna
    Autorzy:
    Banionis, Juozas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783450.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Umiejętności
    Tematy:
    history of science in Central and Eastern Europe (Poland, Lithuania), Samuel Dickstein, Ignacy Domeyko, University of Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius), master’s thesis, history of differential calculus
    historia nauki w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej (Polska, Litwa), S. Dickstein, I. Domeyko, Uniwersytet w Wilnie (Vilna, Vilnius), praca magisterska, historia rachunku różniczkowego
    Opis:
    Samuel Dickstein founded the journal Wiadomości Matematyczne in Warszaw, of which he edited and published 47 volumes in the years 1897–1939. One of them (volume XXV, 1921) presented the scientific work (thesis) of the famous 19th century scholar and teacher – Ignacy Domeyko (1802–1889). It was written in 1822 to obtain a master’s degree in philosophy at University of Vilna (Wilno, now Vilnius). The original manuscript of I. Domeyko is has not been preserved.This report reveals the circumstances and content of the master’s dissertation written by I. Domeyko.
    Samuel Dickstein założył czasopismo Wiadomości Matematyczne w Warszawie, a w latach 1897–1939 redagował i publikował 47 tomów. W jednym z nich (tom XXV, 1921) zaprezentowano pracę naukową (praca magisterska) słynnego XIX wieku uczonego i nauczyciela – Ignacego Domeyko (1802–1889), który został napisany w 1822 roku w celu uzyskania tytułu magistra filozofii na Uniwersytecie w Vilna (Wilno, obecnie Vilnius). Oryginalny rękopis I. Domeyko zniknął.Artykuł ten ujawnia okoliczności i treść pracy magisterskiej napisanej przez I. Domeyko.
    Źródło:
    Studia Historiae Scientiarum; 2020, 19
    2451-3202
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Historiae Scientiarum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Botany at Stefan Batory University in Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius) (1919–1939)
    Autorzy:
    Zemanek, Alicja
    Köhler, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783478.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Umiejętności
    Tematy:
    botanical research, history of botany, Lithuania, Poland, Polish botanists, the interwar period, twentieth century, Vilnius, Wilno, University in Vilna, Stefan Batory University, Jakub Mowszowicz, Jan Muszyński, Bronisław Szakien, Piotr Wiśniewski, Józef
    badania botaniczne, historia botaniki, Litwa, okres międzywojenny, polscy botanicy, Polska, Wilno, Uniwersytet w Wilnie, Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego, Jakub Mowszowicz, Jan Muszyński, Bronisław Szakien, Piotr Wiśniewski, Józef Trzebiński
    Opis:
    The university in Vilna (in Polish: Wilno, now: Vilnius, Lithuania), founded in 1579, by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780–1832 and 1919–1939.In the latter period the university functioned under the Polish name Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego (in English: Stefan Batory University). It comprised six departments connected with botany (General Botany, Pharmacognosy and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants, Plant Taxonomy, Botanical Garden, Garden of Medicinal Plants, and Natural History Museum).There worked such distinguished scientists, as: Jakub Mowszowicz (1901–1983), phytogeographer and phytosociologist; Jan Muszyński (1884–1957), botanist and pharmacist; Bronisław Szakien (1890–1938), cytologist and mycologist; Piotr Wiśniewski (1881–1971), physiologist; and Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), mycologist and phytopathologist. Ca. 300 publications (including ca. 100 scientific ones) were printed in the period investigated, dealing mainly with morphology and anatomy, cytology, plant physiology, floristics (floristic geography of plants), systematics (taxonomy) of vascular plants, mycology and phytopathology, ecology of plant communities (phytosociology), as well as ethnobotany, and history of botany. Stefan Batory University was also an important centre of teaching and popularization of botany in that region of Europe.The aim of the article is to describe the history of botany at the Stefan Batory University in 1919–1939.
    Uniwersytet w Wilnie (w języku angielskim: Vilna, obecnie: Vilnius w Republice Litewskiej), założony w 1579 r. przez Stefana Batorego, króla Polski i wielkiego księcia Litwy, był ośrodkiem polskiej botaniki w latach 1780–1832 oraz 1919–1939. W tym ostatnim okresie funkcjonował pod nazwą Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego (w języku angielskim: Stefan Batory University).W latach 1919–1939 zorganizowano następujące zakłady związane z botaniką: Botaniki Ogólnej, Farmakognozji i Hodowli Roślin Lekarskich, Systematyki Roślin, Ogród Botaniczny, Ogród Roślin Lekarskich oraz Muzeum Przyrodnicze.W ośrodku wileńskim pracowali wybitni uczeni, m.in. Jakub Mowszowicz (1901–1983), fitogeograf i fitosocjolog; Jan Muszyński (1884–1957), botanik i farmaceuta; Bronisław Szakien (1890–1938), cytolog i mykolog; Piotr Wiśniewski (1881–1971), fizjolog oraz Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), mykolog i fitopatolog. Badacze roślin ogłosili drukiem ok. 300 publikacji (w tym ok. 100 naukowych) dotyczących głównie morfologii i anatomii, cytologii, fizjologii roślin, florystyki (florystycznej geografii roślin), systematyki (taksonomii) roślin naczyniowych, mykologii i fitopatologii, ekologii zbiorowisk roślinnych (fitosocjologii), a także etnobotaniki i historii botaniki. Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego był również ważnym ośrodkiem nauczania i popularyzacji botaniki w tym regionie Europy.Celem artykułu jest opracowanie historii botaniki na Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego w latach 1919–1939.
    Źródło:
    Studia Historiae Scientiarum; 2019, 18
    2451-3202
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Historiae Scientiarum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Features of the Biblical Translations Made on the Territory of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th Century
    Osobliwości tłumaczeń biblijnych z terenów Królestwa Polskiego i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w XVI wieku
    Autorzy:
    Kozhynava, Ala
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837714.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    biblical translations
    the 16th century
    the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
    the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    the Book of Ecclesiastes
    tłumaczenia biblijne
    XVI wiek
    Rzeczpospolita
    Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
    Księga Koheleta
    бiблейскiя пераклады
    XVI стагодзе
    Рэч Паспалiтая
    Вялiкае княства Лiтоўскае
    Кніга Еклесіяста
    Opis:
    The article provides an overview of biblical translations created in the 16th century on the territory of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On the example of verses 1.5–7 from the Book of Ecclesiastes a specific translation technique and the reasons for the differences between the original and translated text are considered. The study uses the method of textological analysis. The author comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, it can be a clash of different language systems, since the original language and the language of biblical translation refer not only to different language groups, but also to different language families. Secondly, a strong opposition to the accuracy of the translation is a different understanding of the text, due to differences in religion. By the time of the creation of most Slavic translations, Christian exegetics was fundamentally different both from the ancient understanding of sacred texts and from the interpretation adopted in the rabbinical tradition. Thirdly, intertextual differences may be due to differences in culture that have nothing to do with the religious system. Fourthly, the difference between the original and the translation is due to the fact that not all translators were equally gifted linguists; they didn’t know the original language and the subject in question equally well. Therefore, in the textual structure of the translation, we can meet with various kinds of deviations from the essence and form of the original, up to language and substantial mistakes.
    Niniejszy artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy, jest poświęcony tłumaczeniom biblijnym, które powstały w XVI w. na terenie Rzeczpospolitej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. W tekście na przykładzie wierszy 1.5–7 z Księgi Koheleta rozpatruje się konkretną technikę translatorską oraz przyczyny różnic między tekstem oryginalnym i przetłumaczonym na inny język. W badaniu zastosowano metodę analizy tekstologicznej. Autor dochodzi do następujących wniosków. Po pierwsze, może to być konflikt różnych systemów językowych, ponieważ język oryginalny i język tłumaczenia biblijnego odnoszą się nie tylko do różnych grup, ale także do różnych rodzin językowych. Po drugie, dokładności tłumaczenia może przeszkadzać odmienne rozumienie tekstu z powodu różnic religijnych. W czasie stworzenia większości słowiańskich tłumaczeń biblijnych chrześcijańska egzegetyka zasadniczo różniła się zarówno od starożytnego rozumienia świętych tekstów, jak i od interpretacji przyjętej w tradycji rabinicznej. Po trzecie, różnice intertekstualne mogą wynikać z różnic kulturowych, które nie mają nic wspólnego z systemem religijnym. Po czwarte, różnica między oryginałem a tłumaczeniem wynika z faktu, że nie wszyscy tłumacze byli równie utalentowanymi lingwistami, znali dobrze język oryginalny. Dlatego w strukturze tekstowej tłumaczenia możemy się spotkać z różnego rodzaju odchyleniami od treści i formy oryginału, aż po błędy językowe i merytoryczne.
    У артыкуле даецца агульнае ўяўленне пра біблейскія пераклады, створаныя ў XVI ст. на тэрыторыі Рэчы Паспалітай і Вялікага княства Лiтоўскага, а таксама на прыкладзе вершаў 1.5–7 з Кнігі Еклесіяста разглядаецца канкрэтная тэхніка перакладу і прычыны адрозненняў паміж арыгінальным і перакладным тэкстам. Для даследавання выкарыстоўваецца метад тэксталагічнага аналізу. Аўтар прыходзіць да наступных высноў. Па-першае, гэта можа быць сутыкненне розных моўных сістэм, паколькі мова арыгінала і мова біблейскага перакладу належаць не толькі да розных моўных групаў, але і да розных моўных сем’яў. Па-другое, моцным процідзеяннем на шляху да дакладнасці перакладу аказваецца рознае разуменне тэксту, абумоўленае адрозненнем у веравызнанні. У час стварэння большасці славянскіх перакладаў хрысціянская экзегетика каардынальна адрознівалася як ад старажытнага разумення святых тэкстаў, так і ад тлумачэння, прынятага ў раввнистической традыцыі. Па-трэцяе, міжтэкставые адрозненні могуць быць абумоўленыя адрозненнямі ў культуры, якія не маюць ніякага дачынення да сістэмы веравызнання. Па-чацвёртае, адрозненне арыгінала ад перакладу абумоўліваецца тым, што не ўсе перакладчыкі былі аднолькава адоранымі лінгвістамі, аднолькава добра ведалі мову арыгінала і прадмет, пра які ідзе гаворка. Таму ў тэкставай структуры перакладу мы можам сустрэцца з рознага роду адхіленнямі ад сутнасці і формы арыгінала, якiя прыводзяць да моўных і змястоўных памылак.
    Źródło:
    Studia Białorutenistyczne; 2020, 14; 235-247
    1898-0457
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Białorutenistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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