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Tytuł:
Improved Synthesis of Glycidyl Nitrate in the Presence of 5-Aminotetrazolium Nitrate: a New Method Optimised Using the Taguchi Method
Autorzy:
Bayat, Y.
Mohammadi, M. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
glycidyl nitrate
5-aminotetrazolium nitrate
chloro-epoxy-propane
Taguchi method
Opis:
This paper describes a method for increasing the yield of glycidyl nitrate from chloro-epoxypropane and dilute nitric acid, in the presence of 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate. The presence of 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate as catalyst and co-nitrating agent, enabled glycidyl nitrate to be produced smoothly and in excellent yield under mild condition. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained by the Taguchi method, increasing the yield from 66 to 81%. The product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 579-591
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of glycidyl nitrate polymerization reaction
Badanie reakcji polimeryzacji azotanu glicydylu
Autorzy:
Maksimowski, Paweł
Merchel, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
poly(glycidyl nitrate)
PGN
glycidyl nitrate
polymerization
poli(azotan glicydylu)
azotan glicydylu
polimeryzacja
Opis:
Poli(azotan glicydylu) (PGN) to wysoce energetyczny polimer, który posiada swoje właściwości dzięki obecności grupy eksplozoforowej –ONO2. PGN otrzymuje się w wyniku polimeryzacji monomeru – azotanu glicydylu (GN). Preferowaną techniką polimeryzacji jest polimeryzacja według mechanizmu aktywowanego monomeru, ze względu na dwie główne zalety: wąski rozkład masy cząsteczkowej otrzymanego polimeru oraz kontrolę wydzielanego ciepła podczas reakcji. W trakcie pracy otrzymano monomer GN w wyniku reakcji nitrowania epichlorohydryny. Następnie wykonano szereg polimeryzacji GN zmieniając temperaturę, czas oraz ilości dozowanych substratów. Podczas badań stwierdzono między innymi, że im mniejszy jest stosunek katalizatora w stosunku do inicjatora tym ciężar cząsteczkowy otrzymanego polimeru (PGN) jest większy. Optymalną temperaturą prowadzenia reakcji polimeryzacji GN jest temperatura z zakresu 0-10 °C. Im dłuższy czas prowadzenia reakcji polimeryzacji GN tym otrzymany PGN ma większy ciężar cząsteczkowy. W trakcie badań zwiększono skalę prowadzonej polimeryzacji GN bez wpływu na ciężary cząsteczkowe otrzymanych polimerów i ich właściwości. W celu poznania podstawowych właściwości otrzymanego PGN wykonano szereg badań: GPC, 1H NMR, FTIR, DSC, TG, pomiar ciepła spalania, pomiar lepkości. Zbadano również wrażliwość uzyskanego polimeru na tarcie i uderzenie.
Źródło:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2020, 12, 2; 42-54
2083-0165
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of biostimulators on yield and selected chemical properties of potato tubers
Autorzy:
Wierzbowska, J.
Cwalina-Ambroziak, B.
Glosek, M.
Sienkiewicz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
biostimulator
yield
chemical property
potato tuber
plant cultivar
total nitrate
nitrate
chloride
storage
Opis:
Growth regulators stimulate life processes in plants, improving their stress resistance and health, which translates into higher and better quality yield. Growth regulators can improve biochemical parameters of tubers and enhance the potato’s resistance to adverse environmental conditions or pathogens. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of biostimulators on yield and selected chemical properties of potato tubers. Four table potato cultivars were grown in a field experiment: very early Volumia and medium early Irga, Satina and Sylvana. Starting from stage 39 on the BBCH scale (crop cover complete), potato plants were treated thrice, in 10- to 14-day intervals, with the growth regulators Asahi SL, Bio-Algeen S90 and Kelpak. The reference treatment was composed of potatoes untreated with the bioregulators. The growth regulators, especially Bio-Algeen S90 (6.3 – 16.3%) and Kelpak SL (14.2-24.7%) raised the tuber yield, but the effect was statistically verifiable only in the second year, with less precipitation and lower temperature of the vegetation period. The quality of potato tubers was more strongly dependent on the cultivar-specific traits than on the applied biostimulators. In the second year, too, potato tubers contained on average 34% more N-total than in the first year. During storage, the content of N-total in tubers increased by 35-50%. After a five-month storage period, potato tubers contained more NO3 - abut less N-NH4+.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2015, 20, 3
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the deacetylation degree of chitosan in the form of flakes on the effectiveness of nitrates v sorption from aqueous solutions
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Tomasz
Filipkowska, Urszula
Bugajska, Paula
Kuczajowska-Zadrożna, Małgorzata
Mielcarek, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1034527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
chitosan
deacetylation degree
nitrate
sorption
Opis:
The influence of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan from the range of DD = 75–90% on the effectiveness of sorption of nitrates from aqueous solutions was investigated. The scope of the research included: determining the effect of pH on the effectiveness of N-NO3 binding on chitosan sorbents and determining the sorption capacity of chitosan sorbents with different degrees of deacetylation after 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. The effectiveness of sorption of nitrates on chitosan sorbents increased in the series DD=75% < DD=85% < DD=90%. Regardless of the degree of deacetylation, the sorption effectiveness of nitrates on chitosan was the highest at pH 4. The amount of nitrate-related sorbents was the highest after 30 min of sorption. A process time which was too long resulted in desorption of nitrates. The maximum sorption capacity for chitosan with the degree of deacetylation DD = 75, 85 and 90% was 0.59 mg N-NO3/g, 0.60 mg N-NO3/g and 0.87 mg N-NO3/g, respectively.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2018, 23; 88-96
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Action reducing the outflow of nitrates from agricultural sources to waters on the nitrate vulnerable zone in the catchment of the Samica Steszewska River
Działania ograniczające odpływ azotanów ze źródeł rolniczych do wód na obszarze szczególnie narażonym w zlewni rzeki Samicy Stęszewskiej
Autorzy:
Kupiec, J.
Lawniczak, A.E.
Zbierska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Samica Steszewska River
nitrate outflow
agricultural source
water
catchment
nitrate vulnerable zone
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation; 2008, 40
0208-5771
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes of nutrient concentrations in water sensitive to nitrate pollution from agricultural sources in the Samica Steszewska river catchment
Zmiany stężenia związków biogennych w wodach wrażliwych na zanieczyszczenia związkami azotu ze źródeł rolniczych w zlewni rzeki Samicy Stęszewskiej
Autorzy:
Lawniczak, A.E.
Zbierska, J.
Kupiec, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81863.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
nutrient concentration
river water
nitrate pollution
water pollution
agricultural source
Samica Steszewska River
river catchment
nitrate concentration
agricultural pollution
surface water
Nitrate Directive
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation; 2008, 40
0208-5771
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation in symbiotic association Rhizobium - legumes.
Autorzy:
Luciński, Robert
Polcyn, Władysław
Ratajczak, Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1043794.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
root nodules
nitrate reductase (NR)
dissimilatory nitrate reduction
nitrogenase
bacteroids
gas diffusion resistance
Opis:
The inhibitory effect of nitrate on nitrogenase activity in root nodules of legume plants has been known for a long time. The major factor inducing changes in nitrogenase activity is the concentration of free oxygen inside nodules. Oxygen availability in the infected zone of nodule is limited, among others, by the gas diffusion resistance in nodule cortex. The presence of nitrate may cause changes in the resistance to O2 diffusion. The aim of this paper is to review literature data concerning the effect of nitrate on the symbiotic association between rhizobia and legume plants, with special emphasis on nitrogenase activity. Recent advances indicate that symbiotic associations of Rhizobium strains characterized by a high nitrate reductase activity are less susceptible to inhibition by nitrate. A thesis may be put forward that dissimilatory nitrate reduction, catalyzed by bacteroid nitrate reductase, significantly facilitates the symbiotic function of bacteroids.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2002, 49, 2; 537-546
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Groundwater flow and nitrate migration in a Dutch-Belgian chalk catchment; observed and future concentrations
Autorzy:
Kłonowski, M.
Lanen, H. van
Dijksma, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Netherlands
Belgium
Cretaceous chalk aquifer
groundwater flow
nitrate leaching
modelling
nitrate reduction policy
Opis:
In the catchment of the Noor brook, by the Dutch/Belgian border, excess precipitation with high nitrate concentrations (80-120 mgˇl-1) recharges the Cretaceous multi-aquifer system under the plateau and foothill (agricultural area). The nitrates are transported through the aquifer (median NO3-> 50 mgˇl-1 under the plateau) towards springs and wetlands of the Noorbeemden nature reserve. The major spring has a concentration of 70-80 mgˇl-1. The concentration in the Noor brook is somewhat lower (median 46 mgˇl-1) because of denitrification in the wetlands. The groundwater flow and transport model FLONET/TRANS was used to simulate the development of the nitrate distribution in the last 50 years. The general NO3-distribution in the northern part of the catchment could be reasonably well predicted, whereas the concentrations in the southern part were underestimated by about 20 mgˇl-1. The simulated future trend in the northern part of the catchment in the next 100 years shows that a reduction of nitrate leaching by 50% is required to level off the currently still increasing concentrations. A dramatic decrease of leaching by 75% is needed to achieve pre-1950's concentrations. This implies that the management plan of the Noorbeemden Nature Reserve, which is complied by the Nature Conservation Organisation, should not aim at botanical restoration in the first decades, even if severe restrictions in nitrogen application are imposed on the farmers now.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2001, 45, 1; 53-66
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Double Base Propellant Infuence on Detonation Process of Ammonals
Autorzy:
Maranda, A.
Lipińska, K.
Lipiński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium nitrate based explosives
detonation parameters
Opis:
Aluminum powder has been applied to various types of mining and military explosives for over a hundred years. A known solution is its application as an additive to ammonium nitrate that enhances detonation ability and detonation parameters. Besides aluminum powders, organic fuels are used as ammonals components. In the present work reuse of double base propellants as components of ammonals was proposed. The results of detonation velocity and performance measurements of double base propellants and ammonals mixtures are presented.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 2; 145-159
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of temperature in removing of anions in solution on biochar using Zea mays stalks as a precursor
Autorzy:
Villabona-Ortiz, Ángel
Tejada-Tovar, Candelaria
Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
adsorption
biochar
cornstalks
nitrate
sulfate
phosphate
Opis:
Biochar was prepared from corn (Zea mays) stalks and impregnated with sulfuric acid. The biomass was impregnated for 24 h with a 50% solution of H2SO4 with impregnation ratios 1:2 (B 1:2) and 1:3 p/v (B 1:3); then, it was carbonized in a muffle furnace at 520°C for 30 min with a 10°C per min ramp. The adsorption capacity to remove anions (nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate) in an aqueous solution was evaluated by varying the temperature. The adsorption mechanism was studied by determining the thermodynamic parameters: Gibbs free energy (ΔGº), enthalpy (ΔHº) and entropy (ΔSº) standard. The biochars were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis and were found to exhibit a heterogeneous surface and porous nature, with C, O, S, and Si. The experiments in the batch system showed the best performance of B 1: 2 in the removal of the three anions occurred at 303 K, while B 1: 3 had the best performance at 298 K. From the thermodynamic parameters, it was found that the removal processes are endothermic, their mechanism is by chemisorption. It is concluded that synthesized biochar is an excellent alternative to removing nutrient anions present in the solution.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 50; 64-68
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
N-Nitropyridinium Nitrate: An Efficient Nitrating Agent for the Synthesis of 2-[Butyl(nitro)amino]ethyl Nitrate (n-BuNENA)
Autorzy:
Bayat, Y.
Esmailmarandi, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
2-[butyl(nitro)amino]ethyl nitrate (n-BuNENA)
zeolite
N-nitropyridinium nitrate
plasticizer
energetic material
Opis:
The present investigation focused on the synthesis of 2-[butyl(nitro)amino]ethyl nitrate (n-BuNENA), by the nitration of N-butylethanolamine. For this purpose, various nitrating agents were studied and N-nitropyridinium nitrate was found to be a good nitrating agent. Short reaction time, ease of handling, performance of the reaction in one step and good yield are the main aspects of the present method. It also lead to 75% yield, which is a higher yield than by other methods. The purity of the product was evaluated by HPLC analysis, and its identity was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 838-844
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Distribution of mineral nitrogen in soil in relation to risk of nitrate leaching in farms with irrigated vegetables and early potatoes
Autorzy:
Haberle, J.
Svoboda, P.
Simon, T.
Kuresova, G.
Henzlova, B.
Klir, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Ogrodnictwa
Tematy:
mineral nitrogen
soil
topsoil
subsoil
nitrate content
nitrate leaching
farm
irrigation
early potato
soil water
vegetable production
Źródło:
Journal of Horticultural Research; 2018, 26, 2
2300-5009
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Horticultural Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nitration of γ-Cyclodextrin
Autorzy:
Maksimowski, Paweł
Janson, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1063010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
γ-cyclodextrin
γ-cyclodextrin nitrate
nitration
Opis:
A number of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) nitration reactions were conducted with different times, temperatures and types of nitrating mixtures. The degree and yield of γ-CD nitration (γ-CDN) depended on the HNO3 concentration, the type of nitrating mixture, the nitration time and, to a lesser extent, the temperature. 100% HNO3 proved to be the finest nitrating agent. By nitrating γ-CD in this system, a degree of nitration of 1, as well as a yield of 90-99% were obtained. An examination of the properties of the resulting γ-CDN served to conclude that the density and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli (friction and impact) depend on the degree of substitution of the –OH groups with –ONO2 groups. The higher the degree of γ-CD nitration, the greater the density and sensitivity to external stimuli. Thermal analysis of the γ-CDN obtained at various nitration levels demonstrated that γ-CDN with a high degree of substitution decomposes in one exothermic stage, at temperatures of approximately 184-250 °C. The lower the degree of γ-CDN nitration, the lower is the thermal effect of decomposition, with the maximum exothermic peak being shifted increasingly towards a higher temperature.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2020, 17, 3; 362-383
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prediction of the Crystalline Densities of Aliphatic Nitrates by Quantum Chemistry Methods
Autorzy:
Wang, Guixiang
Xu, Yimin
Xue, Chuang
Ding, Zhiyuan
Liu, Yan
Liu, Hui
Gong, Xuedong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
aliphatic nitrate
density
quantum chemistry
correlation
Opis:
Crystal density is a basic and important parameter for predicting the detonation performance of explosives, and nitrate esters are a type of compound widely used in the military context. In this study, thirty-one aliphatic nitrates were investigated using the density functional theory method (B3LYP) in combination with six basis sets (3-21G, 6-31G, 6-31G*, 6-31G**, 6-311G* and 6-31+G**) and the semiempirical molecular orbital method (PM3). Based on the geometric optimizations at various theoretical levels, the molecular volumes and densities were calculated. Compared with the available experimental data, the densities calculated by various methods are all overestimated, and the errors of the PM3 and B3LYP/3-21G methods are larger than those of other methods. Considering the results and the computer resources required by the calculations, the B3LYP/6-31G* method is recommended for predicting the crystalline densities of organic nitrates using a fitting equation. The results obtained with this method are slightly better than those reported by Keshavarz and Rice. In addition, the effects of various groups (such as –ONO2, –OH, –Cl, –O–, and –CH2–) on the densities are also discussed, which is helpful for the design of new molecules in terms of practical requirements.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 3; 412-432
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of lead nitrate on cyanide leaching of gold and silver from turkish gold ores
Autorzy:
Sayiner, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
lead nitrate
gold
silver
cyanide leaching
Opis:
Effect of lead nitrate addition on cyanidation of Havran, Ovacık, Mastra LCu (low copper) and Mastra HCu (high copper) gold ores was investigated by laboratory tests at the Ovacik Gold Mine Metallurgy Laboratory. Leach tests were performed at optimum NaCN additions and pH values while different lead nitrate additions were applied. Ovacik cyanidation plant leaching time, 24 hours for the constant 100 Mg/h ore feed rate was applied as optimal for all lead nitrate tests. Results showed the increase in gold and silver recoveries between 0.4-1.2% for gold and 3.9-11.6% for silver at the end of 24 hours leaching by the addition of lead nitrate as 0.1-0.5 kg/Mg. NaCN consumption decreased or did not change except for the Ovacik ore. In the case of the Ovacik ore it slightly increased.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2014, 50, 2; 507-514
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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