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Tytuł:
Intellectual limitation of freedom? The issues of libertas in the nationalistic reception of Italian fascism in the Second Polish Republic (based on the examples of journalistic publications)
Autorzy:
Sobczak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/650106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
fascism
nationalism
ideology
freedom
interwar period
Opis:
The limiting of personal freedom in interwar Italy resulted directly from the fascist approach to the state-individual relationship. The idea of leaving the citizens the broadest individual freedom, and limiting state law activities to the minimum was completely alien to fascist ideologies. The goal of the article was to consider how the problem of freedom in a fascist state was treated by right-wing supporters of that ideology in Poland. For the analysis, I use, e.g. the journalism of W. Jabłonkowski (Amica Italia), R. Rybarski (articles published in Myśl Narodowa), A. Łaszowski (Analiza łez krokodylich), K. Zbyszewski (a column series Ryżową szczotką), A. Nowaczyński (Sempre avanti), J. Waldorff (Sztuka pod dyktaturą), and F. Goetel (Pod znakiem faszyzmu). As the interpretative context, I also used the poetry of A.M. Swinarski, and a play by Nowaczyński entitled Cezar i człowiek.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2017, 45, 7
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jewish Political Life in Poland on the Eve of the Second World War
Autorzy:
Polonsky, Antony
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)
Tematy:
Bund
Socialism
Polska
Jews
Interwar Period
Opis:
The increasingly critical situation of the Jewish minority and the bankruptcy of the previously dominant political orientations within the Jewish community created a new set of opportunities for a group, the General Jewish Workers’ Alliance, or Bund which had played only a marginal role in both Polish and Jewish politics between 1920 and 1935. The growing strength of the Bund was clearly evident in the municipal elections of late 1938 and early 1939 which saw it emerge as the largest Jewish party in towns such as Warsaw, Łódź, Vilna and Białystok. This article seeks to evaluate the Bund’s reaction to its heightened importance in Jewish politics in Poland.
Źródło:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2022, 13; 4-16
2384-9266
Pojawia się w:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The development of Lviv hotel business in the interwar period (1919–1939)
Autorzy:
Zavadovsky, Taras
Kadnichansky, Dmytro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1201797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
hotel
Lviv
interwar period
tourism
guidebooks to Lviv
categorization
Opis:
The current paper researches and analyses the start and development of the hotel business in Lviv of the interwar period. The main focus is set on the division of accommodation establishments into categories, their structure and location. Much attention is also paid to the description of hotels and their pricing policy depending on their status and venue. Numerous tables help to structure the statistical data, especially their client capacity, number of rooms, location etc.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2016, 6, 4; 77-83
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jewish accommodations of summer and winter tourism in the interwar period
Żydowskie obiekty noclegowe turystyki letniej i zimowej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym
Autorzy:
Nadolski, W.
Krasowski, R.
Pezdan-Sliz, I.
Przydzial, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/4992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
tourism
accomodation
infrastructure
sport club
Jewish organization
interwar period
Opis:
Jewish community before World War I practiced summer and winter tourism, participating in the activities of Polish tourist and sports associations. Numerous Jewish tourist and touring societies and sports clubs, which sought to develop their own infrastructure for accommodation in mountains or spa and recreational centers were established in the interwar period. The efforts of the Jewish community to obtain accommodations in the mountains were based on their own resources and contributions from their members. Jewish organizations did not express interest in state subsidies for most developed hostels, tourist stations or dormitories for the Jewish community.
Społeczność żydowska jeszcze przed I wojną światową uprawiała turystykę letnią i zimową, uczestnicząc w działalności polskich stowarzyszeń turystycznych i sportowych. W okresie międzywojennym powstały liczne żydowskie towarzystwa turystyczno-krajoznawcze i kluby sportowe, które starały się o rozwój własnej infrastruktury noclegowej w górach lub ośrodkach uzdrowiskowo-wypoczynkowych. Starania wspólnoty żydowskiej o pozyskanie obiektów noclegowych w górach oparte były na własnych środkach i składkach członkowskich. Organizacje żydowskie nie wyrażały bowiem zainteresowania subwencjami państwowymi. W większości powstały schroniska, stacje turystyczne lub domy wycieczkowe służące społeczności żydowskiej.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna; 2014, 13, 2
1895-8680
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the Interwar Period
Autorzy:
Scridon, Alin Cristian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
The Romanian Orthodox Church
the interwar period
Hungary
Yugoslavia
Opis:
Aim. The Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary and Yugoslavia encountered a series of shortcomings between the two world wars.  Conclusion. Regardless of the political realities of the times, the Romanians coalesced around the Romanian Orthodox Church. That is why, not by chance, the great poet Mihai Eminescu identifies the Romanian Orthodox Church with the institution that preserved the Latin element near the Danube. The activity of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary and Yugoslavia in the interwar period was mainly performed by priests.  
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2018, 9, 1; 190-195
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Major Natural Disasters on the System and the Insurance Market of the Interwar Poland
Autorzy:
Kasperski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804681.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
natural disasters
interwar period
insurance market
history of insurance
Opis:
The article is an attempt to present the problem of natural disasters and their influence on the economy and the functioning of the insurance market during the interwar period in Poland. The Author reveals the picture of Poland grappling with a number of challenges such as the unification of the legislation or rebuilding of the economy deteriorated by the war. The country had to increase its expenditure in the aftermath of natural disasters. Poland is presented as a state that had to cope with disasters and various economic turbulences every three years on average. As early as in 1921, the whole territory of Poland was struck by scorching heats resulting in huge loses in its economy, especially in agriculture. Mid 1920s was a period of raging inflation but also a struggle with the flood, which had been the greatest natural disaster in the territory of Poland in over three centuries. The years 1926–1929 were the heyday for the Polish economy, yet Poland suffered the first signs of an economic breakdown in 1929. In the summer of 1928, it had faced a tornado that destroyed houses, obliterated forests and claimed the lives of many. A similar occurrence was recorded in 1931 in the area of Lublin, where a hurricane of unprecedented force ravaged the land. The turn of the year 1929 went down in the history of our nation as the winter of the century. Another flood ravaged Poland in 1934, when the country had not yet fully recovered after the economic collapse caused by the Great Depression. The flood caused losses exceeding 84 million zloty. The Author also presents changes in the legislation of that time forced by the disasters and, above all, the law concerning prevention of fire and other natural disasters. It was a law which owing to the support of insurers enabled fire brigades and fire fighter units to develop so that the general public and its property could be safeguarded against disasters in the future.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2017, 27, 2; 29-46
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Outline of the History of Physical Culture in the Province of Ternopil in the Years 1920-1939
Autorzy:
Małolepszy, Eligiusz
Drozdek-Małolepsza, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
province of Ternopil
the interwar period
physical culture
sport
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present the outline of the history of physical culture in the province of Ternopil in the years 1920-1939. The province of Ternopil was established on 23 December 1920, as one of the very first provinces on the South-Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic. In the interwar period, physical culture flourished in the province of Ternopil. In the twenties and thirties of the 20th century, new social and sports associations and sports clubs were being established. What is more, sports organisations gathering Polish, Ukrainian and Jewish citizens that had been active before the outbreak of WWI became active again. Football was the most popular sports discipline practised alongside boxing, gymnastics, cycling, athletics, archery, water sports, shooting, gliding, table tennis. A contest whose main prize was the State Sports Badge played an important role in propagating physical activity in society.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2022, 37; 5-11
2300-9705
2353-2807
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Helena Grabschrift-Taffet, a Krakow artist born in Tuchów
Helena Grabschrift-Taffet, krakowska artystka urodzona w Tuchowie
Autorzy:
Styrna, Natasza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11347105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
art
Krakow
Jews
interwar period
sztuka
Kraków
Żydzi
lata międzywojenne
Opis:
Helena Grabschrift was born on 18 April 1909 in Tuchów. Starting 1929, she studied at the Krakow Academy of Fine Arts, taught by such artists as Władysław Jarocki, Wojciech Weiss and Stanisław Kamocki. In late 1930s she became involved with the Krakow Association of Jewish Painters and Sculptors. She was one of the most active members of the organisation, and made arrangements for the last Krakow exhibitions of the works of Jewish painters before the war. For a long time, nothing was known of her life after the end of the Second World War; she was considered either dead or missing. The author of the present article managed to find sources confirming that the artist had survived the war, and to contact her family in Israel. Consequently, it was possible to add to the artist’s biography many new details from pre-war years, the period of Nazi occupation, as well as her later life in Israel, where she moved with her husband Henryk Taffet. Unfortunately, not much has survived from the artist's pre-war output, therefore the inter-war press remains the most important source of information about her work.
Helena Grabschrift urodziła się 18 kwietnia 1909 roku w Tuchowie. Od 1929 roku studiowała na krakowskiej Akademii Sztuk Pięknych pod kierunkiem Władysława Jarockiego, Wojciecha Weissa i Stanisława Kamockiego. Pod koniec lat 30. XX wieku została członkiem krakowskiego Zrzeszenia Żydowskich Artystów Malarzy i Rzeźbiarzy i okazała się jedną z najaktywniejszych osób w tym gronie, współorganizowała ostatnie przed wojną wystawy malarzy żydowskich w mieście. Po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej bardzo długo jej los był nieznany, uchodziła za osobę, która zmarła lub zginęła. Autorce artykułu udało się dotrzeć do źródeł świadczących, że artystka przeżyła wojnę oraz nawiązać kontakt z jej rodziną mieszkającą w Izraelu. Dzięku temu udało się odtworzyć wiele szczegółów z przedwojennej biografii artystki, wydarzenia z lat wojny oraz przytoczyć najważniejsze informacje dotyczące jej późniejszych losów w Izraelu, gdzie zamieszkała razem z mężem Henrykiem Taffetem. Niestety z przedwojennego dorobku artystki przetrwało niewiele, dlatego najważniejszym źródłem informacji o jej twórczości pozostaje międzywojenna prasa.
Źródło:
Folia Historica Cracoviensia; 2021, 27, 1; 7-26
0867-8294
Pojawia się w:
Folia Historica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Red Army’s Penal Battalions in the memoirs of a witness of history
Autorzy:
HARASIM, Konrad
PERZYNA, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
History
Recent History (1900 till today)
Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
Opis:
Penal battalions functioned in every army. Building on Władimir W. Wiktorowicz memoirs I show how did the Red Army’s penal battalions function. I analyzed the penal battalion soldiers’ deal of their service and faith in their duty.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2018, 7; 221-230
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Purpose – to recognize Germany. About some activities of the Polish intelligence in the 1920s
Autorzy:
Ćwięk, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Polish General Staff
interwar period
intelligence
reconnaissance
secret services
agents
Opis:
After World War I, Weimar Germany did not recognize the western borders of the Second Polish Republic. They did not accept the result of the defeat they suffered. Poland was referred to as the ‘Saisonstaat’, which was synonymous with aggression for the Germans. The Weimar Republic sought to rebuild its military potential and demanded the abolition of all forms of control and revision of the Versailles Treaty. From the moment Poland regained independence, the security of the state was threatened by Germany and Russia. In this situation, the identification of threats was of particular importance. Secret service structures were created under very difficult conditions. In the early 1920s, the intelligence reconnaissance of Germany was not sufficient. The organizational changes and improved methods of operation carried out in the second half of this decade had a positive impact on the effects of work. The head of the Berlin intelligence facility, codenamed ‘In 3’, captain, and later major, Jerzy Sosnowski provided the headquarters of the Second Department of Polish General Staff with valuable information on the expansion of the German armed forces. Also, field offices were actively exploring Germany. Agents played a special role in the activities of the intelligence service. Therefore, the process of their selection, conducting, training and supervision, on which the effects of work depended, deserves attention.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2021, 10; 353-363
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Conservative Progression”. The influence of the Modern Movement on Hungarian architectural education during the interwar period
Autorzy:
Karácsony, Rita
Vukoszávlyev, Zorán
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398571.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
edukacja architektoniczna
okres międzywojenny
modernizm
architectural education
other modern
Interwar period
Opis:
The influence of the Modern Movement was increasingly felt in Hungary from the end of the 1920s. As time passed, architectural education also needed to respond to these changes. How did the professors, who designed in historical styles, react to the new situation, and how did the students respond? Who were the people who first stimulated interest in modern architecture, and who did they inspire? What kind of institutional or structural modifications did all these initiatives bring about at the Architectural Faculty of Budapest Technical University? There are three noteworthy episodes in the history of introducing modern approaches at the Faculty. The first event of great significance was the establishment of the Department of General Building Design in 1922 besides the three long-standing historical departments: the Departments of Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages. This began a disengagement with the era of historicism. However, students in the older years continued to receive their design assignments from the historical departments, and were expected to design in historical styles taught by the professors. Thus architectural education could be considered conservative even by the end of the 1920s. On the other hand, some students were able to bring progressive modernism directly to the University. At the student exhibition held in 1927, a few “brave” drawings independent of any department appeared among the designs in historical styles. These included a design by György Rácz inspired by Le Corbusier that was showcased thanks to the curator, a student named György Masirevich. Farkas Molnár – who returned from the Bauhaus school – submitted a design influenced by modern German architecture. Within a few years Masirevich, Rácz and Molnár joined CIAM, and then its subgroup: CIRPAC. It was not only students, but also some professors who played an indisputable role in ushering in modern architecture, even if their work and teaching methods could generally be regarded as examples of “conservative progression”. The third and most important date of the investigated period was 1930, when architectural education began to be given high priority. That year another student exhibition was organised by a professor, Iván Kotsis, which was linked to the 12th International Congress of Architects held in Budapest. Plans designed by students in the modern spirit constituted the majority at that exhibition. It was in the same year that professor Hültl as the Rector of the University voiced his opinion on modern architecture: according to him, modernism should not be used for certain types of buildings; however, he did not want to oppose all new directions in architecture. This duality of approach can well be detected in his private practice. Therefore it was the so-called “other modern” rather than progressive modernism that became institutionalized at the Faculty due to the influence of some professors whose aim was to comply better with local circumstances and materials. To achieve this it was indispensable to get the knowledge of the past, so teaching history of architecture remained a significant part of the curriculum. It was Professor Kotsis and his colleagues who laid out this path and their heritage was still prevalent after WWII.
Źródło:
Architecturae et Artibus; 2019, 11, 3; 42-53
2080-9638
Pojawia się w:
Architecturae et Artibus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Main challenges for the Greek national security against the geopolitical changes in the Balkans during the period 1918–1923
Autorzy:
Paszkiewicz, Jędrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkans
Greece
Bulgaria
Turkey
interwar period
Bałkany
Bułgaria
Turcja
okres międzywojenny
Opis:
The aim of the article is to show the role of the Balkan states within the Greek foreign policy during the period 1918–1923, on the base of diplomatic correspondence and historiography. The consequences of the military conflict with Turkey (1918–1922) and the internal problems, constantly harassing the socio-political life of Greece, seriously weakened its ability to impact effectively on particular geopolitical problems in the Balkan region. The Greek regional policy could be achieved, completely or partially, only with close cooperation with the powers from outside. It was connected with such cases as the delimitation of the Albanian frontier or the solution of the Western Thrace question in 1920. On the other hand, the proceedings of the Greek diplomats were determined by the belief that due to the unresolved territorial and national controversies, especially in the issue of the Macedonian and Thracian lands, the particular Balkan states were dependent on each other on the international arena. That is why the Greek diplomacy started apply the tactics of balance of power in the region, aiming at the creation of less or more stable bilateral political constructions with the Kingdom SCS (Yugoslavia) and Romania. Their aim was to ensure the advantage over the competitors on the Balkan arena, especially over Bulgarian and Turkish revisionist agendas. 
Wyzwania dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego Grecji wobec zmian geopolitycznych na Bałkanach po I wojnie światowej (1919–1923) Celem artykułu jest ukazanie roli regionu bałkańskiego w greckiej politce zagranicznej w latach 1918–1923, na podstawie korespondencji dyplomatycznej i literatury przedmiotu. W omawianym okresie Grecja miała ograniczoną możliwość wpływania na geopolitykę regionu, ze względu na wojnę z Turcją (1918–1922) i rozliczne problemy wewnętrzne. Poszczególne cele terytorialne, np. kwestie delimitacji granicy albańskiej czy przynależności państwowej Tracji zachodniej, były realizowane w ścisłej współpracy z mocarstwami – sojusznikami z Ententy. Z drugiej strony, jak wynika np. z greckiej korespondencji dyplomatycznej, istniało przekonanie, że ze względu na istnienie wielu kontrowersji terytorialnych i narodowych, zwłaszcza dotyczących spraw macedońskich i trackich, poszczególne państwa bałkańskie były od siebie wzajemnie uzależnione na arenie międzynarodowej. Z tego względu wyzwaniem dla greckiej dyplomacji było utrzymanie równowagi sił w regionie poprzez stosowanie taktyki „przeciągania liny”. W szczególności starano się aranżować mniej lub bardziej stabilne konstrukcje polityczne z Królestwem SHS i Rumunią, nastawione na zdominowanie rewizjonistycznej Bułgarii i Turcji.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2019, 26, 1; 193-212
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematics education published in the “Wychowanie Przedszkolne” [in English: Preschool Education] journal (1925–1939)
Autorzy:
Feliniak, Aleksandra Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
preschool education
Maria Weryho-Radziwiłłowiczowa mathematics education
pedagogical journals
interwar period
Opis:
Objectives: In the interwar period, educational magazines played a huge role in popularizing the latest concepts and didactic solutions. In the years 1918-1939, several titles were addressed to pre-school educators. In this group, "Preschool Education" can be considered as one of the most important magazines. His main tasks included improving teachers' professional competences and disseminating the achievements of Polish and world pedagogical thought. On the pages of the magazine, much attention was paid to the issue of mathematical education of a small child. These publications were substantive support for pre-school educators at the time. Material and methods: analysis of source texts Results: On the pages of the "Preschool Education" (1925-1939) magazine, many articles can be found in the field of mathematical education of a small child, constituting significant substantive support for pre-school educators in the interwar period. Conclusions: The text is a short presentation of articles in the field of mathematics education published in the journal "Preschool Education" (1925-1939).
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 42, 3; 83-93
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Krakow regulatory plans in the 1920s. The outline of the issues, selected cases by Marian Lenk
Krakowskie plany regulacyjne z lat 20. XX wieku. Zarys problematyki, wybrane przykłady autorstwa Mariana Lenka
Autorzy:
Motak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
Interwar Period
Dąbie
Płaszów
Podgórze
Krakow planning
okres międzywojenny
urbanistyka Krakowa
Opis:
The article presents the issues of drawing up regulatory plans for Krakow in the interwar period, on the areas incorporated into the city (Greater Krakow) between 1909 and 1915. The case studies are three plans made in the City Regulation Office, nearly in the same time (1925–1926). All three selected plans differ substantially one from the other by the size of planned area, various conditions, planned functions. These are: general regulatory plan for the Dąbie district (a vast multifunctional area), regulatory plan for a part of the Płaszów district (medium-sized residential ensemble), regulatory plan for the part of Wielicka Street (road and railway traffic system). Each case was characterized by the plans’ conditions, assumptions, features, as well as by the degree of implementation and the further transformations of the plan area. The analyses were carried out on the basis of the original plans, other available archival sources and using the literature on the subject. The main characteristics of the plans are summarized, including their similarities and differences. As a result of the analyses, all three plans were attributed to the same person, engineer Marian Lenk (1879–1961). The basic information on Lenk was provided in the following part of the article. The conclusion contains a comparison of the three discussed plans, which exemplify the phenomenon of regulatory plans in interwar Krakow. The more important features of the author of the plans Lenk’s urban creative work are listed, too.
W artykule przedstawiono, na wybranych przykładach, problematykę sporządzania planów regulacyjnych dla Krakowa w okresie międzywojennym, na obszarach przyłączonych do miasta (Wielkiego Krakowa) w latach 1909–1915. Omówiono trzy plany wykonane w Biurze Regulacji Miasta niemal w tym samym czasie (w latach 1925–1926). Wybrane plany istotnie różnią się pomiędzy sobą wielkością obszaru objętego rozplanowaniem, rozlicznymi uwarunkowaniami, planowanymi funkcjami. Są to: generalny plan regulacyjny dla dzielnicy Dąbie (rozległy obszar o wielu funkcjach miejskich), plan regulacyjny dla fragmentu dzielnicy Płaszów (zespół mieszkaniowy średniej wielkości), plan regulacyjny dla odcinka ulicy Wielickiej (układ komunikacji drogowej i kolejowej). Dla każdego przypadku dokonano charakterystyki i analizy uwarunkowań, założeń i cech planu, a także stopnia jego realizacji oraz późniejszych przekształceń obszaru objętego planem. Analizy wykonano na podstawie oryginałów planów, innych dostępnych źródeł archiwalnych oraz z wykorzystaniem literatury przedmiotu. W wyniku analiz zestawiono podstawowe cechy charakterystyczne planów, w tym dotyczące ich podobieństwa i różnice. Ustalono, że wszystkie trzy omawiane plany zostały opracowane przez tego samego autora – inż. Mariana Lenka (1879–1961). W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono także podstawowe informacje o nim. W podsumowaniu dokonano zestawienia i porównania trzech omówionych planów jako w znacznym stopniu egzemplifikujących istotne dla rozwoju miasta zjawisko planów regulacyjnych w międzywojennym Krakowie. Wskazano ponadto ważniejsze cechy urbanistycznej twórczości autora planów – Mariana Lenka.
Źródło:
Architectus; 2022, 3 (71); 17--28
1429-7507
2084-5227
Pojawia się w:
Architectus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Romanian Art Historiography in the Interwar Period. Between the Search for Scholarship and Commitment to a Cause
Autorzy:
Ţoca, Vlad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Romanian art historiography
interwar period
Romanian art
Transylvanian art
Romanian culture
Opis:
At the end of World War I, Romania emerged as a much stronger nation, with a greatly enlarged territory. During the two world wars, the Romanian state was permanently looking for the best way to preserve the newly created national state and defend its frontiers. This was the only matter all Romanian parties seemed to agree on. The threat of territorial revisionism coming from Hungary, the Soviet Union and, to a lesser extent, Bulgaria united all the political actors in defending the peace system of Versailles and supporting the League of Nations as the guarantor of this peace and stability. The interwar period was a remarkable time for Romania’s cultural history. Between the two world wars, the Romanian cultural scene was dominated by what Keith Hitchins calls the ‘Great Debate’ about national identity and development. The opponents were those advocating synchronism with the West, on the one hand, and those pleading for tradition, on the other, with many others looking for a third way. In Romanian interwar culture, the country’s modernity was emphasized in order to place the country within the larger family of European nations. An opposing, and at the same time, complementary line of thought was that of presenting the long and noble Romanian history, tradition and ancestral roots. These two themes have been present in Romanian culture since the mid-19th century. They were used by various authors, sometimes in a complementary fashion, while at others, in a conflicting manner in literature, historical writing or political discourse. This process did not end with the creation of the Greater Romania after the end of World War I. New threats, which are mentioned above, maintained the need to continue this discourse. In this context, historical arguments became political arguments and were used by the Romanians in order to justify the new territorial gains and the Versailles system. Art history, part of the family of historical disciplines, came to play an important part in this. Romanian art historical writing or political discourse. This process did not end with the creation of the Greater Romania after the end of World War I. New threats, which are mentioned above, maintained the need to continue this discourse. In this context, historical arguments became political arguments and were used by the Romanians in order to justify the new territorial gains and the Versailles system. Art history, part of the family of historical disciplines, came to play an important part in this. Romanian art historical writing did not exist as such until the end of the 19th century. It was only in the first years of the next century that the number of scholarly works produced following western standards steadily increased. As part of a general tendency of aligning Romanian academic practices with those in the West, art historiography established itself as a respectable academic discipline, a process which went hand in hand with the establishment of new institutions such as museums, university departments, research institutions and the Commission for historical monuments. All these institutions were founded and financed by the Romanian state, and most scholars were involved with these institutions in one way or another. Although Romanian art historiography of the period is dominated by the desire to produce academic works to the highest standards, the ideas of the Great Debate are present in the works of that time. At the same time, in several texts, the most prominent art historians of the day strongly affirm the necessity of putting their work in the service of the national cause. In this paper, we will be looking at the general histories of Romanian art written between the two world wars. The choice of these texts is motivated by the fact that these works are the result of larger research projects and have a broader scope and as such better summarise the trends of the interwar period.
Źródło:
Artium Quaestiones; 2019, 30; 93-122
0239-202X
Pojawia się w:
Artium Quaestiones
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 81

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