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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Covid Tracking Apps, Over Reliance on Technology, Bias and Unfairness
    Autorzy:
    Hilcenko, Christine
    Taubman-Bassirian, Tara
    Kovacic, Zoran
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044855.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-28
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
    Tematy:
    privacy
    individual freedom
    security
    information
    Opis:
    Various contact tracing apps tracking the spread of the pandemic were issued in different countries. Mainly based on two technologies, centralised with more control by the governments or decentralised controlled by the Apple or Google Android mobile phone systems. In this paper, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different systems, as well as their potential dangers.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Education, Technology and Computer Science; 2021, 12, 2(32); 93-103
    2719-6550
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Education, Technology and Computer Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Freedom and secretiveness, in late modernism
    Autorzy:
    Bocheński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/650102.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    secretiveness
    shadow
    individual freedom
    modern literature
    Opis:
    The text considers two metaphors describing creative freedom in modern society: secretiveness and shadow. In the shadow, creative individuals protect themselves against the ubiquitous need to explain and screen life. The text proves that contemporary literature (Sebald, Quinard) and essay (Vuarnet, Maffesoli) search inspiration in secretiveness and shadow while at the same time they see a threat to art in the mechanism of explanation.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2017, 45, 7
    1505-9057
    2353-1908
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Privacy, Education and Human Dignity
    Autorzy:
    HILCENKO, CHRISTINE
    TAUBMAN-BASSIRIAN, TARA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/456474.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
    Tematy:
    privacy
    individual freedom
    security
    information
    memory
    human dignity
    Opis:
    Access to knowledge for everyone in the increasingly-interconnected society has been a tool for democracy. We discuss here the dangers of a world online and the growing concerns about state surveillance, security, privacy and exploitation. We discuss our right to protect our individual freedom. We conclude that privacy is a fundamental Human Rights in order to guarantee human dignity and freedom.
    Źródło:
    Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2019, 10, 2; 211-217
    2080-9069
    Pojawia się w:
    Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Right-wing conservative radicalism as a pursuit of a cultural hegemony
    Konserwatywno-prawicowy radykalizm jako dążenie do kulturowej hegemonii
    Autorzy:
    Reykowski, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2007009.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    conservatism
    radicalism
    democracy
    human rights
    right-wing authoritarianism
    traditionalism
    perceived threat
    liberalism
    religion
    individual freedom
    violence
    Opis:
    One of the most common and dangerous conflicts in contemporary democracies is related to cultural differences in understanding of the basic principles of social organization. Such conflict is developing also in Poland. Its most recent manifestation is the serious confrontation between the new appointed Minister of Education and Science of the Polish government and the large part of the Polish scientific community. In the first part of the paper, I analyze on the basis of his publication the minister’s socio-political worldview. I am implying that it may explain his conflict arousing policy. I am focusing on his concept of the natural law and his use of this concept, on his understandings of democracy and secular state, and on his interpretation of minority rights in democracy. I am concluding that he represents the ultraconservative (right-wing) version of the Roman Catholic worldview and is trying to impose its implications on the Polish education as well as scientific institutions. In the second part of the paper, I am analyzing sociopsychological preconditions of cultural conflicts and factors that may determine the radicalization of these conflicts
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2021, 2; 103-130
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Negative and Positive Freedom: The Case of Turkey
    Autorzy:
    Özçelik, Tacettin Gökhan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43538158.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2024
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    freedom
    negative freedom
    positive freedom
    individual rights
    Opis:
    The meaning of the concept of freedom has constantly changed in history. In Ancient Greece, freedom referred to making a choice and doing something willingly; Hannah Arendt conceptualized it as a necessary discovery made by people in historical periods when the conditions for manifesting the idea of searching the same concept within oneself as an action were insufficient. Today, the concept of freedom has evolved into a dual meaning as negative and positive, shaped by the expressions of Isaiah Berlin. In this sense, the freedoms that we call classical freedoms, which the individual acquires because of being human, without considering the differences in religion, language, gender, and race, are evaluated in the context of negative freedoms. The basis of this understanding is the absence of pressure and coercion from the environment in which the individual lives rather than the creation of surplus value in the individual by external influence. However, with the deterioration of the freedom concept, the gains included in negative freedom have become a problem that the state needs to solve. The need for state intervention in creating a positive effect on the individual has emerged. The concept of positive freedom that emerged in this sense reveals itself in a structure that requires more than the intervention of others; it requires that individuals have control over their selves and that they have an active role in this dominance. Proponents of positive freedom argue that freedom means the individual dominates their own passions, desires, and all obstacles to self-realization. In order to achieve this, the state must firmly stand by the individual regarding collective freedoms. In this context, since the discussions on the concept of rights and freedoms in Turkey spread to negative and positive areas of freedom, this paper aims to show that presenting the concept with a single definition of freedom would be challenging. The re-reading has shown that the rights and freedoms in Turkey are derived from the concept of both positive and negative individual rights. However, it has been observed that the framers of the Constitution limited the fundamental rights and freedoms based on the idea that there should be a limit to the individual’s rights and covered it in the necessary sections in the Constitution to ensure that the fundamental rights and freedoms could not be abused.
    Źródło:
    Review of European and Comparative Law; 2024, 56, 1; 63-82
    2545-384X
    Pojawia się w:
    Review of European and Comparative Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Freedom from fear
    Autorzy:
    Koba, Laura
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40406045.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Freedom from fear
    human rights
    individual security
    flight from freedom
    Opis:
    Freedom from fear is one of the four freedoms (along with freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want) that President Franklin D. Roosevelt presented first to the US Congress on 6 January 1941, and later to the entire world in the fight against Germany, Italy and Japan. They covered all areas of human life, guaranteeing security in the private and family spheres, in public life and in relations with other people and, above all, with any authority (especially the State). These freedoms became the basis of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed on 10 December 1948, and other national and international documents. Freedom from fear has become a symbol of the protection of human rights and a guarantee of a safe life for every person everywhere in the world. The vast majority of conflicts in the world originate within national borders and their main victims are innocent civilians. States have a primary duty to protect everyone. They must create strong security instruments to prevent a repetition of the crimes of the Second World War. The quest for universal and individual security is constantly intertwined with new threats that grow with the development of civilisation, in particular through the evolution of technology and information. Today, we are also confronted with various aggressors - bandit states, cruel terrorists and populist governments on the verge of enslavement and incitement to violence. Education, cooperation, human rights and shared responsibility for others build respect for every human being - not only fellow citizens, but other people from distant parts of the global village. This shared responsibility began in the Congress of the United States of America on 6 January 1941.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2023, 26; 45-57
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An individual and the sense of security in a state. Religious freedom from the viewpoint of security psychology
    Autorzy:
    Smuniewski, Cezary
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168439.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
    Tematy:
    religious freedom
    security psychology
    national security
    state
    individual
    Opis:
    The author’s aim is to present an interdisciplinary reflection combining the contents common to the topics associated with religious freedom of every individual and the sense of security in the state which he postulates to be a subject of research in the area of security psychology. The author believes that the religion related subjective sense of security of individuals living on state territory should be taken into account when creating national security. The study fits into the framework of research on Poland’s national security, which draws on the output of such sciences as politology, law, psychology, philosophy.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Political Science; 2020, 6, 4; 23-43
    2391-3991
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Political Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    LIBERAL MODEL OF DEMOCRACY AND CITIZENSHIP
    LIBERALNY MODEL DEMOKRACJI I OBYWATELSTWA
    Autorzy:
    Charuta-Kojkoł, Janetta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418505.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
    Tematy:
    liberalism
    democracy
    individualism
    freedom
    equality
    pluralism
    tolerance
    individual rights
    Opis:
    The article depicts main ideas of the model of liberal democracy and resulting civil obligations, as well as proves that values such as: freedom, equality, individualism, autonomy, self-determination, pluralism, tolerance and individual rights may constitute a valuable basis for social life. Moreover, the article contradicts the thesis representing the citizen as an isolated individual, deprived of moral directions and supported by values, by balancing it with an independent, self-reliant and responsible individual.
    Źródło:
    Colloquium; 2015, 7, 1; 99-116
    2081-3813
    2658-0365
    Pojawia się w:
    Colloquium
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dignity, Equality, Freedom: The EU-Policy Values Viewed Personalistically
    Autorzy:
    Nnamdi Konye, Michael
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507472.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-30
    Wydawca:
    International Étienne Gilson Society
    Tematy:
    dignity
    equality
    freedom
    European Union
    personalism
    subjectivity
    individual
    person
    imago Dei
    identity
    incommunicability
    responsibility
    human action
    human rights
    Opis:
    The author points out that dignity, equality, and freedom are leading themes of the European Union policy and should be respected and upheld if understood personalistically. He agrues that the subjectivity of the individual person, rather than that of the public state, underlines the context of interpreting those themes which are the liberal values the Western society purports to cultivate. Therefore, he claims that dignity is grounded on the understanding of man as imago Dei, equality is doubly grounded in both the unique identity and incommunicability of each human person, and freedom is doubly grounded in the dual responsibility of each human person for his or her actions as well as the responsibility we share for each human life from conception to natural death.
    Źródło:
    Studia Gilsoniana; 2016, 5, 3; 491-526
    2300-0066
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Gilsoniana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Legal Scopes of Liberty and the State in Light of the Utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill
    Zakresy prawne wolności i państwa w świetle utylitaryzmu Johna Stuarta Milla
    Autorzy:
    Baramidze, Luka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21375415.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
    Tematy:
    liberty
    freedom
    negative liberty
    individual liberty
    liberty of expression
    the harm principle
    wolność
    swoboda
    wolność negatywna
    wolność indywidualna
    wolność słowa
    zasada krzywdy
    Opis:
    In modern democracies the liberty of the individual is ensured and protected by the state or the government. But it is well-known that restrictions on liberty are institutionalized and the individual is responsible for obeying them. The liberty of the individual and its protection is provided through restrictions. On the other hand, the legal system and the government are the institutions that threaten the liberty of the individual. Mill’s thesis on individual liberty implies the primacy of it and sets out the social conditions in which it will be possible to realize and protect individual liberty. The main theme of his treatise On Liberty is the nature and boundaries of individual liberty, the scope of legitimate interference with individual liberty. In other words, the principle establishes a sufficient basis for the legitimate protection of the individual liberty, i.e. what is a restriction of a right, on the one hand, is at the same time a protection of it. An individual must be free from all forms of violence, if his/her actions do not harm others [Riley 2001, 46]. The purpose of the paper On Liberty is to provide one very simple principle. Main point of it is that the method of societies’ relations with the individual should not be coercion and control. No matter is it a case of physical violence as a form of punishment or as a form of moral coercion by society. Power over a member of a civilized community can only be exercised for the sole purpose of preventing harm to others. Thus, the liberty principle establishes a necessary condition for legitimate violence against any individual: his/her liberty of action must be restricted by law or opinion if there is a reasonable expectation that it will harm others.
    We współczesnych demokracjach wolność jednostki jest zapewniana i chroniona przez państwo lub rząd. Jednak powszechnie wiadomo, że ograniczenia wolności są zinstytucjonalizowane i jednostka jest odpowiedzialna za ich przestrzeganie. Wolność jednostki i jej ochrona jest zapewniona poprzez ograniczenia. Z drugiej strony system prawny i rząd to instytucje zagrażające wolności jednostki. Teza Milla o wolności indywidualnej implikuje jej prymat i określa warunki społeczne, w których możliwa będzie realizacja i ochrona wolności indywidualnej. Głównym tematem jego traktatu O wolności jest natura i granice wolności jednostki oraz zakres uzasadnionej ingerencji w wolność jednostki. Innymi słowy, zasada ta stwarza wystarczającą podstawę dla uzasadnionej ochrony wolności jednostki, czyli to, co jest ograniczeniem prawa, jest jednocześnie jego ochroną. Jednostka musi być wolna od wszelkich form przemocy, jeśli jej działania nie szkodzą innym. Celem dzieła O wolności jest przedstawienie jednej bardzo prostej zasady. Najważniejsze jest to, że metodą relacji społeczeństw z jednostką nie powinien być przymus i kontrola. Nie ma znaczenia, czy jest to przemoc fizyczna jako forma kary czy forma przymusu moralnego ze strony społeczeństwa. Władza nad członkiem cywilizowanej społeczności może być sprawowana wyłącznie w celu zapobiegania krzywdzie innych. Zatem zasada wolności ustanawia warunek konieczny uzasadnionej przemocy wobec jakiejkolwiek osoby: jej wolność działania musi być ograniczona przez prawo lub opinię, jeśli istnieje uzasadnione oczekiwanie, że zaszkodzi to innym.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego; 2023, 18, 20 (2); 9-21
    2719-3128
    2719-7336
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Individual and Collective Identity: Factual Givens and Their Legal Reflection in International Law. Words in Commemoration of Krzysztof Skubiszewski
    Autorzy:
    Tomuschat, Christian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    identity
    individuals and peoples
    determining factors
    birth and family
    gender
    slavery
    religious ties
    freedom to leave any country
    nationality
    statelessness
    official recognition as a person
    self-determination
    people and population
    minorities and secession
    refugees
    EU citizenship
    admission of refugees
    competence of EU authorities to assign quotas of refugees to individual Member States
    Opis:
    States and individuals are the essential building blocks of international law. Normally, their identity seems to be solidly established. However, modern international law is widely permeated by the notion of freedom from natural or societal constraints. This notion, embodied for individuals in the concept of human rights, has enabled human beings to overcome most of the traditional ties of dependency and being subjected to dominant social powers. Beyond that, even the natural specificity of a human as determined by birth and gender is being widely challenged. The law has made fargoing concessions to this pressure. The right to leave one’s own country, including renouncing one’s original nationality, epitomizes the struggle for individual freedom. On the other hand, States generally do not act as oppressive powers but provide comprehensive protection to their nationals. Stateless persons live in a status of precarious insecurity. All efforts should be supported which are aimed at doing away with statelessness or nonrecognition as a human person through the refusal to issue identity documents. Disputes about the collective identity of States also contain two different aspects. On the one hand, disintegrative tendencies manifest themselves through demands for separate statehood by minority groups. Such secession movements, as currently reflected above all in the Spanish province of Catalonia, have no basis in international law except for situations where a group suffers grave structural discrimination (remedial secession). As the common homeland of its citizens, every State also has the right to take care of its sociological identity. Many controversies focus on the distinction between citizens and aliens. This distinction is well rooted in domestic and international law. Changes in that regard cannot be made lightly. At the universal level international law has not given birth to a right to be granted asylum. At the regional level, the European Union has put into force an extremely generous system that provides a right of asylum not only to persons persecuted individually, but also affords “subsidiary protection” to persons in danger of being harmed by military hostilities. It is open to doubt whether the EU institutions have the competence to assign quotas of refugees to individual Member States. The relevant judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 6 September 2017 was hasty and avoided the core issue: the compatibility of such decisions with the guarantee of national identity established under Article 4(2) of the EU Treaty.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 11-34
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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