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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Solubility of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in aqueous and alcohol sulutions from 293.15 to 313.15 K
    Autorzy:
    Baluja, S.
    Bhesaniya, K.
    Bhalodia, R.
    Chanda, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412163.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
    average deviation
    relative deviation
    gibbs energy
    Opis:
    The solubility of Butylated hydroxyl toluene in aqueous and alcohol solutions were determined at different temperatures (293.15 to 313.15) K. Using Van’t Hoff and Gibb’s equations, some thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of dissolution, and of mixing of Butylated hydroxyl toluene in aqueous and alcohol solutions, were evaluated from solubility data. The solubility was greater in butanol and minimum in water. The enthalpies, entropy and Gibb’s energy of dissolution were positive for all solvents.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 9; 48-58
    2299-3843
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Innovative Method of Forecasting the Generator Gas Composition after the Process of Pyrolysis and Gasification
    Autorzy:
    Slowak, Anna Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174900.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    gasification
    pyrolysis
    biomass
    regenerative energy
    synthetic gas
    mathematical modeling
    Gibbs energy
    Opis:
    The article presents a new approach to forecasting producer gas composition. Thermochemical treatment of biomass was presented as an effective method of producing flammable gas. The methods of predicting the gas composition of the generator are described, and then its efficiency depends on the device’s parameters. In order to create a method for forecasting gas composition, the authors’ works were used as the basis on which the energy characteristics of the gases obtained were assessed. It was assumed in this paper that it is essential to understand the influence of each parameter on the energy characteristics of the gas. It made it possible to optimize the composition and predict thermal characteristics. This article presents the results of experimental studies on biomass gasification and a mathematical model based on Gibbs free energy.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2022, 24; 97--109
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of the Mining Industry Wastes as Raw Material for Melting of the Complex Fesial Ferroalloys
    Autorzy:
    Machulec, B.
    Bialik, W.
    Gil, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355998.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    FeSiAl
    FeSi75
    model
    submerged arc furnace
    Gibbs energy minimization method
    Opis:
    An economical alternative for the steel industry which uses a separate ferrosilicon and aluminum for the deoxidization of steel is a complex deoxidizer in the form of FeSiAl alloys. The effectiveness of complex deoxidizers is higher and they have a positive effect on quality improvement and also for mechanical properties of the finished steel. It is associated with a smaller number of non-metallic inclusions and a more favorable its distribution in the structure of steel. Noteworthy are the waste from the mining industry simultaneously contains SiO2 and Al2 O3 oxides with a few of dopants in the form of CaO, MgO, FeO, TiO2 oxides. These wastes are present in large quantities and can be a cheap raw material for obtaining complex FeSiAl ferroalloys by an electrothermal method. “Poor” hard coal grades which so far did not apply as a reducing agent in the ferroalloy industry because of the high ash content can also be a raw material for the electrothermal FeSiAl process. The electrothermal FeSiAl melting process is similar to the ferrosilicon process in the submerged arc furnace. For this reason, a model based on Gibbs’ free enthalpy minimization algorithm was used to analyze the simultaneous reduction of SiO2 and Al2 O3 oxides, which was originally elaborated for the ferrosilicon smelting process. This is a system of two closed reactors: the upper one with the lower temperature and the lower one with the higher temperature. Between the reaction system and the environment, and between the reactors inside the system, there is a cyclical mass transfer in moments when the state of equilibrium is reached in the reactors. Based on the model, the basic parameters of the electrothermal reduction process of SiO2 and Al2 O3 oxides were determined and a comparative analysis was made towards the ferrosilicon process.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 975-979
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mechanism and Synthesis of Yttrium Iron (Y-Fe) Alloy by Low Temperature Process Using Calcium as Reductant
    Autorzy:
    Ilayaraja, Marimuthu
    Berchmans, L. John
    Sankaranarayan, Sankara Raman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355144.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Gibbs free energy
    reaction kinetics
    VSM
    XRD
    SEM
    Opis:
    In this paper, study the preparation of Y-Fe alloy by reduction-diffusion process, which is novel technique for producing an alloy from its ores directly at different temperatures. From this work, investigates the particles size and morphology structure of alloy by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive-X-ray analyzer (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. Here study the thermodynamics of property of system such as Gibbs free energy and reaction kinetics of system respectively. The Vibrating Sample magnetometer (VSM) is used to study the magnetic properties of alloy such as cocerviety, saturation magnetization and retentivity.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1593-1596
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of oxygen binding by hemoglobin on the basis of mean intrinsic thermodynamic quantities
    Autorzy:
    Bordbar, Abdol-Khalegh
    Mousavi, Sayed
    Dazhampanah, Hamid
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    cooperativity
    mean intrinsic Gibbs free energy
    linkage phenomena
    hemoglobin
    Opis:
    The binding data for oxygenation of human hemoglobin, Hb, at various temperatures and in the absence and presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, DPG, and inositol hexakis phosphate, IHP, were analyzed for extraction of mean intrinsic Gibbs free energy, ΔGo, enthalpy, ΔHo, and entropy, ΔSo, of binding at various partial oxygen pressures. This method of analysis considers all the protein species present such as dimer and tetramer forms which were not considered by Imai et al. (Imai K et al., 1970, Biochim Biophys Acta 200: 189 - 196) , in their analysis which was based on Adair equation. In this regard, the values of Hill equation parameters were estimated with high precision at all points of the binding curve and used for calculation of ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo were also calculated by analysis of ΔGo values at various temperatures using van't Hoff equation. The results represent the enthalpic nature of the cooperativity in Hb oxygenation and the compensation effect of intrinsic entropy. The interpretation of results also to be, into account the decrease of the binding affinity of sites for oxygen in the presence of DPG and IHP without any considerable changes in the site - site interaction (extent of cooperativity). In other words, the interactions between bound ligands, organic phosphates and oxygen, are more due to a decreasing binding affinity and not to the reduction of the cooperative interaction between sites. The results also document the more heterotropic effect of IHP compared to DPG.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2006, 53, 3; 563-568
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chalcones: A Solubility study at different temperatures
    Autorzy:
    Bhalu, A. A.
    Bhesaniya, K. D.
    Vekariya, N. J.
    Baluja, S. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412118.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Chloroform
    dichloromethane
    thermodynamic parameters
    dissolution enthalpy
    Gibb’s energy and en tropy
    Opis:
    Some new chalcones are synthesized by the condensation of aryl ketones with aromatic aldehydes and solubility of these synthesized chalcones is determined in chloroform and dichloromethane at temperatures ranging between 293.15 K and 313.15 K by gravimetric method. The experimental data was correlated well with modified Apelblat equation. Further, from the experimental solubility data, some thermodynamic parameters such as dissolution enthalpy, Gibb’s energy and entropy etc. were evaluated using van’t Hoff equation. The positive Gibb’s energy and negative entropy suggests spontaneous dissolution and more ordered structure in solution.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 12; 7-19
    2299-3843
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic study of phase equilibrium of superionic alloys of Ag3SBr1-xClx system in the concentration range 0.0–0.4 and temperature range 370–395 K
    Autorzy:
    Moroz, M. V.
    Prokhorenko, M. V.
    Prokhorenko, S. V.
    Reshetnyak, O.V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240425.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    phase equilibrium
    superionic alloys
    thermodynamic properties
    Gibbs energy
    EMF method
    równowaga fazowa
    właściwości termodynamiczne
    energia Gibbsa
    metoda EMF
    Opis:
    Thermodynamic assessment of the phase stability of the solid solutions of superionic alloys of the Ag3SBr1-xClx (I) system in the concentration range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 and temperature range 370–395 K was performed. Partial functions of silver in the alloys of solid solution were used as the thermodynamic parameters. The values of partial thermodynamic functions were obtained with the use of the electromotive force method. Potential-forming processes were performed in electrochemical cells. Linear dependence of the electromotive force of cells on temperature was used to calculate the partial thermodynamic functions of silver in the alloys. The serpentine-like shape of the thermodynamic functions in the concentration range 0–4 is an evidence of the metastable state of solid solution. The equilibrium phase state of the alloys is predicted to feature the formation of the intermediate phase Ag3SBr0.76Cl0.24, and the solubility gap of the solid solution ranges of Ag3SBr0.76Cl0.24 and Ag3SBr.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2017, 38, 1; 27-38
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Presentation of Experimental Biomass Gasification with Minimizing Gibbs Free Energy Mathematical Model
    Prezentacja eksperymentalnego procesu zgazowania biomasy z modelem matematycznym minimalizacji energii swobodnej Gibbsa
    Autorzy:
    Pavlenko, Anatoliy
    Slowak, Anna Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811737.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    gasification
    pyrolysis
    biomass
    regenerative energy
    synthetic gas
    mathematical modeling
    Gibbs energy
    gazyfikacja
    piroliza
    biomasa
    energia odnawialna
    gaz syntetyczny
    modelowanie matematyczne
    energia Gibbsa
    Opis:
    The paper consists the results from the conducted experiment and the mathematical model of it. The presented process is biomass gasification and the modelling is based on complex parameter that is maximum thermodynamic efficiency and use the Gibbs free energy function and Lagrange multiplier. Referring to European Union strategy in terms of energy use it is highly recommended to increase the share of renewable energy in total energy production. The biomass is one of the most important sources of energy. Listed above methods of mathematical calculations let as define the composition of the gas produced and the efficiency that was reached. Also the precision of the model was evaluated. The effect of the work done is the possibility to use it to state the best condition for the process of biomass gasification technology.
    Artykuł przedstawia wyniki przeprowadzonego eksperymentu i jego model matematyczny. Przedstawiony proces dotyczy zgazowania biomasy, a modelowanie opiera się na złożonym parametrze, jakim jest maksymalna wydajność termodynamiczna, z wykorzystaniem funkcji energii swobodnej Gibbsa i mnożnika Lagrange'a. Nawiązując do strategii Unii Europejskiej w zakresie zużycia energii, zdecydowanie zaleca się zwiększenie udziału energii odnawialnej w całkowitej produkcji energii. Biomasa jest jednym z najważniejszych źródeł energii. Wymienione powyżej metody obliczeń matematycznych pozwalają określić skład wytwarzanego gazu i osiągniętą wydajność. Oceniono także precyzję modelu. Efektem wykonanych prac jest możliwość określenia najlepszych warunków prowadzenia procesu technologii zgazowania biomasy.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2020, Tom 22, cz. 2; 880-891
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Thermodynamic Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
    Autorzy:
    Tatar, C.
    Yildirim, Z.
    Kaygili, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350963.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    shape memory alloy
    phase transformation
    differential scanning calorimetry
    electron microscopy
    Gibbs free energy
    activation energy
    Opis:
    The effect of hydrostatic pressure and different heating/cooling rates on physical properties and microstructure of NiTi shape memory alloy has been investigated. The transformation temperatures and physical properties of the alloy have changed with applied pressure. It has been clearly seen from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) that with the increase of applied pressure, while As and Af, and Mf transformation temperatures decrease, Ms value increase. Moreover, based on the increase of the pressure amount applied on the sample, there was an average increase of 48% for Gibbs free energy and 18% for elastic strain energy. Entropy of the alloys decreases depending on the increase in the amount of applied pressure for all heating rates. Depending on the amount of applied pressure on the sample, an interior strain of 0.177% at most was observed. With the increase of applied pressure on the sample, it was determined that activation energy increased. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the samples show that the grain sizes of the unpressured sample and the samples on which pressure is applied are between 40 and 120 μm, which was determined by Image Analysis Method.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 799-806
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic analysis of cast irons solidification with various types of graphite
    Autorzy:
    Elbel, T.
    Hampl, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380412.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    pomiar aktywności tlenu
    energia swobodna Gibbsa
    krzepnięcie żeliwa
    continuous oxygen activity measurement
    calculation of Gibbs free energy
    cast iron solidification
    Opis:
    The contribution summarises the results of oxygen activity determinations, which were measured and registered continuously in castings from cast irons with various types of graphite. The results were used to find the relationship between two variables: natural logarithm of oxygen activities and reverse value of thermodynamic temperature 1 /T. Obtained regression lines were used to calculate oxygen activity at different temperatures, to calculate Gibbs free energy \deltaG at the different temperatures and to calculate the single \deltaG value for significant temperature of the graphite solidification. The results were processed by a statistical analysis of data files for the different types of graphite with flake, vermicular and spheroidal graphite. Each material has its proper typical oxygen activities range and individual temperature function of Gibbs free energy for analysing and governing casting quality.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 157-165
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects Of Process Parameters On Cu Powder Synthesis Yield And Particle Size In A Wet-Chemical Process
    Wpływ parametrów procesu na wydajność syntezy proszku Cu i wielkości cząstek w procesie mokrym chemicznym
    Autorzy:
    Shin, Y. M.
    Lee, J. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354168.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    wet-chemical process
    micron-size Cu powder
    Synthesis yield
    particle size
    gibbs free energy difference
    proszek Cu
    proces chemiczny mokry
    wydajność syntezy
    rozmiar cząsteczki
    różnica energii swobodnej Gibbsa
    Opis:
    This study presents a simple wet-chemical process to prepare several micron-size Cu powders. Moreover, changes in powder synthesis yield and particle size are examined with different solvents, synthesis temperatures, and amounts of reducing agent during the synthesis. As a reducing agent and capping agent, L-ascorbic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were used, respectively. The yields in distilled water or an ethylene glycol (EG)/distilled water mixture were higher than that in EG alone, and the yield increased with increasing temperature owing to a lower Δ Gred value. Increasing the L-ascorbic acid concentration also increased the yield. The Cu powder synthesized in 3 h at 90°C in distilled water with 272.8 mM of L-ascorbic acid showed the lowest average particle size of 2.52 μm, indicating mechanisms of short burst nucleation and reduced growth via the increased reduction rate of Cu ions. It is estimated that the nucleation step was nearly completed within 10 min in this system. The Cu powders synthesized in an ethylene glycol/distilled water mixture presented an average particle size of 3.76 μm and the highest yield of 87.9%.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 2B; 1247-1250
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Arrheniusan activation energy of separation for different parameters regulating the process
    Autorzy:
    Drzymała, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    flotation
    activation energy
    separation
    Gibbs potential
    Arrhenius plot
    Opis:
    The Arrhenius model, that relates the activation energy with the kinetic constant and process temperature, was applied for flotation as a separation process, and next was extended to other incentive parameters such as the frother concentration, NaCl content and hydrophobicity. It was shown that determination of the activation energy caused by other incentive parameters (i.e. particle size, surface potential) was also possible. The units of the activation energy depend on the type of the separation process and incentive parameter. For contact angle regulating flotation the activation energy unit is mJ/m2, while for the frother concentration is J. It is known that instead in joules, the activation energy can also be expressed in J/mol and in kT or RT units, where k is the Boltzmann constant, R gas constant and T is absolute temperature in kelvins. Even though different formulas of the specific Gibbs potential were used for calculation of activation energy caused by various incentive parameters, there was generally a good agreement between the extend of changes of the first order kinetic constants of the process and activation energy value. It was found that for flotation of copper-bearing carbonaceous shale the activation energy was equal to 1.1 kT for NaCl as the incentive parameter, 3.0 kT for temperature and 32.7 kT for butyl diethylglycol ether used as a flotation frother. For methylated quartz the hydrophobicity-induced activation energy was 42 mJ/m2 for contact angle as the incentive parameter.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 4; 1152-1158
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A procedure of Arrhenius activation energy determination for salt flotation of particles in the vicinity of one molar salt aqueous solutions
    Autorzy:
    Ratajczak, Tomasz
    Kurkiewicz, Szymon
    Drzymala, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1450643.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    activation energy
    salt flotation
    Arrhenius equation
    Gibbs potential
    Opis:
    A modified Arrhenius equation, in which thermal energy is replaced with chemical (Gibbs) potential, and a special calculation procedure were used to evaluate the flotation activation energy for salt solutions in the one molar range of concentrations. The proposed formula overcomes the difficulties of calculating the salt flotation activation energy caused by mathematical problems of finding 1/(ln($c$/$c_o$)) for the standard salt concentration $C_o$ =1 M (1 kmol/m3 and when the applied salt concentration c is in the vicinity of 1 M. The salt flotation activation energy was calculated for flotation of copper-bearing carbonaceous shale in the 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 M NaCl solutions performed in a laboratory machine as equal to 1.9 RT for standard salt solution equal to 1 M.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2020, 56, 6; 1-5
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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