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Tytuł:
STABILIZING ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EFFECTING EXPORTS – CASE STUDY OF POLAND
Autorzy:
Borowicz, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Trade
Opis:
The article raises the issue of the relations between foreign direct investment and exports, quoting the example of Poland. Most of the research done so far raises the issue of substitutability and complementarity of these phenomena. In their research of macroeconomic nature, authors such as Stehn, Stępniak and Markusen (Stępniak, 2005; Markusen et al, 1996) have proved that definitely in most cases we are dealing with complementarity of FDI in relation to foreign trade of the countries. Using the most up-to-date research regarding foreign investment (Melitz, 2003; Krugman), in this article I am trying to present FDI as that element of economic life that stabilizes exports, taking into account today’s context related to the economic crisis. Referring already in the first part to the research done also in Poland by the National Bank of Poland, I have presented FDI as a factor maintaining Poland’s exports on a high level despite temporary capital outflow. The inflow of capital in the form of FDI to Poland is done in particular by companies from developed countries that are first of all looking for a location to move their own operations and reduce costs. Secondly, Poland is attractive as a location because of the availability of large markets. On the one hand, by operating in Poland, being an EU member, they get access to the EU internal market, while on the other they get close to the Russian market. Consequently, in their strategy for internationalizing their operations, investors making a capital involvement are planning to carry out their export operations dynamically.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2012, 5, 1-2; 29-45
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants and effects of Chinese foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine
Autorzy:
Ukraynets, Lilia
Horin, Nataliya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1394592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
China
foreign trade
foreign economic relations
foreign direct investment
Ukraine
Opis:
The article analyzes Chinese foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine at the present stage. China is as an important partner for Ukraine, not only in the field of foreign trade and investment but also for the implementation of the strategic vector of Ukraine’s economic development and its integration into the modern world economy. The empirical study shows that Chinese investors receive additional incentives to invest in Ukraine if there is a prior positive investment experience, increasing market potential and openness, and economic freedom. As Ukraine is generally perceived as a path to European markets, the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU is a positive factor. However, Chinese investors’ readiness to support corruption schemes in the Ukrainian economy arouses concern. Therefore, in order to enhance and improve the structure of investment flows from China, it is necessary to take a number of measures to overcome corruption.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2021, 11, 2; 9-19
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign direct investment in ukrainian economy. Effects of foreign direct investment involvment
Autorzy:
Maslak, O. O.
Satalkina, L. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410775.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
foreign direct investment
effects of foreign direct investment
foreign direct investment inflow
Opis:
Clarified: the term “Foreign direct investment”, and the situation with foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine. Researched and briefed: The positive and negative effects of foreign direct investments for the economy of host countries and for the economy of Ukraine as the host country. Emphasized: The importance of the right policy in the field of foreign direct investment attraction, for the increasing of their positive effects.
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2012, 1, 4; 29-33
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign State-Owned Enterprises in the World’s Largest Economies – Comparative and Sectoral Analysis
Autorzy:
Mroczek, Jakub
Bałtowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
foreign state-owned enterprises
state-owned enterprise
internationalization
foreign affiliate
foreign investment
Opis:
Theoretical background: In the last 20–30 years, particularly after the financial crisis of the end of the first decade of the 21st century, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), historically associated with local markets, have increasingly expanded internationally. As a result, foreign state-owned enterprises (FSOEs) have emerged in many countries, particularly in strategic industries. The internationalisation of SOEs is a new, important and relatively under-researched phenomenon in today’s global economy. The literature on the subject so far lacks extensive, comparable figures on FSOEs on a global scale, which is a prerequisite for qualitative research.Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to determine – based on original empirical research – the status, significance and sectors of FSOEs in the groups of the largest non-financial enterprises (Top 100, by operating revenues) of the 32 world’s largest economies, as well as the changes that have occurred in this respect between 2009 and 2018. The analysis of FSOEs was carried out with the enterprises divided according to their origins (“green-field FSOEs” and “M&A FSOEs”), industries and home countries. Listed FSOEs were analysed separately.Research methods: The research used the original author’s method of distinguishing (finding) FSOEs, based on the criterion of actual corporate control rather than on the criterion of formal state ownership. The source data, derived mainly from the Orbis database, has been thoroughly supplemented and verified. Special indicators were created for the comparative analysis of FSOEs across the 32 economies under review.Main findings: The results of the analysis determined the status of FSOEs in the group of the 32 world’s largest economies, as well as in distinguished subgroups: developed economies (19) and emerging economies (13). The analysis of the changes in the shares of FSOEs in the studied economies between 2009 and 2018 led to the conclusion that the shares, and therefore the economic importance of FSOEs, increased during the studied period. The sectoral distribution of FSOEs shows that the largest number of them operate in Oil & Gas and Energy sectors.
W ostatnich 20-30 latach, w szczególności po kryzysie finansowym z końca pierwszej dekady XXI wieku, przedsiębiorstwa państwowe (state-owned enterprises, SOEs), historycznie związane z lokalnymi rynkami, coraz częściej ekspansji dokonują międzynarodowej. W jej wyniku w wielu krajach, szczególnie w branżach strategicznych, pojawiają się zagraniczne przedsiębiorstwa państwowe (foreign state-owned enterprises, FSOEs). Internacjonalizacja SOEs jest nowym, ważnym i stosunkowo słabo zbadanym zjawiskiem we współczesnej, globalnej gospodarce. W literaturze przedmiotu brak jest dotychczas obszernych, porównywalnych danych liczbowych na temat FSOEs w skali świata, co jest warunkiem koniecznym prowadzenia badań o charakterze jakościowym. Celem artykułu jest określenie ‒ na podstawie oryginalnych badań empirycznych ‒ stanu i znaczenia FSOEs w grupach największych niefinansowych przedsiębiorstw 32 największych gospodarek świata, a także zmian, jakie zaszły w tym zakresie w latach 2009-2018. Analizy FSOEs dokonano przy ich podziale ze względu na rodzaju powstania („green-field FSOEs” oraz „M&A FSOEs”), branżę i kraj pochodzenia. Odrębnie analizowano FSOEs, których akcje są notowane na giełdach (listed FSOEs). W badaniu wykorzystano oryginalną, autorską metodę wyodrębniania (wyszukiwania) FSOEs, w oparciu o kryterium faktycznej kontroli korporacyjnej, a nie o kryterium formalnego udziału właścicielskiego państwa. Źródłowe dane, pochodzące głównie z bazy Orbis, zostały poddane szczegółowym uzupełnieniom i weryfikacjom. Utworzone zostały specjalne wskaźniki służące do analizy porównawczej FSOEs w 32 analizowanych gospodarkach. W wyniku analizy został określony stan FSOEs w grupie 32 największych gospodarek świata, a także w wyróżnionych podgrupach: gospodarek krajów rozwiniętych (19) oraz krajów rozwijających się (13). Dokonano analizy zmian udziałów FSOEs w badanych gospodarkach w latach 2009-2018, co doprowadziło do wniosku o wzroście udziałów, a więc i gospodarczego znaczenia FSOEs, w badanym okresie. Rozkład branżowy FSOEs pokazuje, że najwięcej z nich funkcjonuje w branży petrochemicznej oraz energetycznej.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2022, 56, 2; 77-95
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Are foreign language learners’ enjoyment and anxiety specific to the teacher? An investigation into the dynamics of learners’ classroom emotions
Autorzy:
Dewaele, Jean-Marc
Dewaele, Livia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
foreign language enjoyment
foreign language classroom anxiety
teachers
Opis:
Previous research has considered fluctuations in students’ foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) over months or years (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014, 2016). However, there has been no investigation of the effect of the teacher on these emotions at a single point in time. In this study, we investigate the question whether FL learners experience similar levels of FLE and FLCA in the same language if they have two different teachers. Participants were 40 London-based secondary school students studying modern languages with one Main Teacher and one Second Teacher. Statistical analysis revealed that while FLCA was constant with both teachers, FLE was significantly higher with the Main Teacher. Predictors of FLE such as attitudes towards the teacher, the teacher’s frequency of use of the target language in class and unpredictability were also significantly more positive for the Main Teacher. Item-level analysis revealed that the teacher creating a positive emotional atmosphere in class contributed to the higher FLE score. Items that reflected more stable personal and group characteristics varied less between the two teachers. The findings suggest that FLE is more teacher-dependent than FLCA, which is more stable across teachers.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2020, 10, 1; 45-65
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retrospections and Perspectives of Russian Diplomacy Actions in 2006
Autorzy:
Huashou, Miao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
2006
Russian diplomacy
foreign policy
Russian foreign policy
Opis:
According to he author of this article, Prof. Miao Huashou – from the Euro-Asian Social Development Research Institute and from the Development Research Center of the PRCh State Council, Russian diplomacy may boast of many great successes in 2006. Russia once again creates its image of a great empire by demonstrating its geopolitical and economic influences. The country underlines this way its position of an empire equal to the USA. It will continue to strengthen its influences in the Commonwealth of Independent States and undertake all the efforts aiming to development of strategic partnership with the EU on equal rules. It will also develop its contacts with the USA, as well as it will continue political dialogue and economic cooperation with other, great world powers.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 12-25
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
African Governments’ Foreign Publics engagements: Public Diplomacy in African perspective
Autorzy:
Antwi-Boasiako, Isaac
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206298.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
public diplomacy
foreign communication
Africa
foreign publics
development
Opis:
Scholars over the years have delved into the discourse of states’ foreign publics engagements in their foreign policy objectives. This analysis is done generally with the western perspective of public diplomacy with recent Asian scholarship evolving. As a result, this study aims to reflect on public diplomacy from an African perspective. Therefore, it analyses how African governments have been engaging their foreign publics (foreign governments and their citizens) to attract foreign aid, tourism, and investments in their nation-building and development trajectory. The article explores African public diplomacy mechanisms such as diasporas, nation branding, cultural diplomacy, and many others. It also digests some of the challenges confronting African governments in their public diplomacy campaigns, like lack of research, human and financial resources, and lack of coherent foreign policy documents. The article’s findings demonstrate that although Africa generally has rich public diplomacy resources, these are not adequately harnessed in most African states’ foreign policy. This situation has led to poor foreign policy implementation by most African governments. The study contributes to the public diplomacy scholarship in general and African public diplomacy in particular, which scholars have underexplored. It concludes that scholars should delve into the exegesis of the rich African public diplomacy currencies.
Źródło:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies; 2022, 1; 5-16
2956-2686
Pojawia się w:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State of Firm Internationalisation in the Małopolska Region
Autorzy:
Belniak, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439409.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
internationalization
foreign direct investment
foreign trade
modern business services
Opis:
For many years, the analysis of the factors of the internationalisation of firms has been a research topic, both in the area of international business theory – in management studies, and in firm internationalisation theory – in economics. The paper presents the diagnosis of the state of the internationalisation of firms conducting their activities in Małopolska Voivodeship, carried out on the basis of available government and self-government statistics. The author makes an assessment and partial evaluation of the situation from the angle of the adopted determinants, such as: an analysis of foreign trade turnover, an analysis of foreign direct investment and an analysis of business process outsourcing. The paper presents the profile of the economic activeness of Małopolska Region against the investment attractiveness of voivodeships in Poland, an authorial typogram of the economic potential of Małopolska Region against the background of the country, as well as the investment attractiveness of this region for investors, alongside the factors shaping it, considering seven major determinants.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2016, 30, 1; 30-46
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign bodies in the rectum – an unusual surgical problem
Autorzy:
Buczyński, Jarosław
Langner, Ewa
Dziki, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-10-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
foreign body
rectum
Opis:
A foreign body in the rectum is not a very common emergency case in surgical practice, of various etiology. In the years 2003-2011, 8 people were hospitalised in the Clinic of General and Colorectal Surgery due to a foreign body in the rectum. All the patients were male. All of them were qualified for foreign body removal in a surgical suite, under general anaesthesia due to a potential need for expanding the scope of the procedure. In all situations attempts were made at removing the object through the anus, which proved successful in 7 cases, without complications.In one case the scope of the procedure needed to be expanded with laparotomy and sigmoidotomy, through which the foreign body was removed. This procedure was also carried out with no complications.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2012, 84, 9; 454-456
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom
Autorzy:
Dewaele, Jean-Marc
MacIntyre, Peter D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Foreign Language Ejoyment
Foreign Lnguage Classroom Anxiety
individual differences
Opis:
The present study investigates Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) in the classroom. Participants were 1746 current FL learners from around the world. We used a measure of FLE, based on Likert scale ratings of 21 items (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014), and a measure of FLCA based on 8 items extracted from the FLCAS (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Statistical analyses revealed that levels of FLE were significantly higher than those of FLCA. FLE and FLCA were linked to a number of independent variables: participants’ perception of their relative level of proficiency within the FL classroom, number of languages known, education level, number of FLs under study, age group and general level of the FL (ranging from lower-intermediate to advanced). Female participants reported both more FLE and more FLCA. Cultural background of participants also had a significant effect on their scores. Participants’ views on episodes of enjoyment in the FL class revealed the importance of teachers’ professional and emotional skills and of a supportive peer group. Many participants mentioned the moment at which they realised that their long effort in mastering an aspect of the FL paid off.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2014, 4, 2; 237-274
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parisian Cultures Views on Eastern Europe as a Factor in Contemporary Polish Foreign Policy
Autorzy:
Hofman, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Parisian Culture
Eastern Europe
Polish Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy
Opis:
When analyzing events which unfolded in the Ukraine during the final months of 2004 and the involvement of Polish politicians and public opinion in the struggle for the preservation of the democratic character of presidential elections, a question arises regarding the connection of their actions with the political projects of Jerzy Giedroyć, the founder and sole editor of an influential magazine and a centre of political thought, which was Culture, published in Maisons-Laffitte, near Paris, in the years 1947–2000. Historians and political scientists rightly emphasize the fact that the „Eastern doctrine”, also known as the ULB doctrine (from the abbreviation of „Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus”), has been a constant element of Polish foreign policy since 1989. Generally speaking, Giedroyć was convinced that nationalist impulses would eventually destroy the Russian empire from within, and a sovereign Poland would gain three new neighbours in the East: Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus. This process was expected to take place in the near future, as foreseen by Culture contributors who called on the émigrés from Eastern Europe to work together in laying solid foundations for the future partnership.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2005, 34; 77-86
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Foreign Policy of the Country through its Determinants, Structure and Instruments: Potential Research Scenarios
Analiza polityki zagranicznej państwa przez pryzmat jej uwarunkowań, struktury oraz instrumentów – potencjalne scenariusze badawcze
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Marcin
Rutkowska, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
foreign policy analysis
foreign policy research
foreign policy determinants
foreign policy instruments
foreign policy structure
analiza polityki zagranicznej
badanie polityki zagranicznej
uwarunkowania
polityki zagranicznej
instrumenty polityki
zagranicznej
struktura polityki zagranicznej
Opis:
The main objective of this article is to present potential research opportunities offered by the analysis of conditions, structure and instruments of the foreign policy of the country. The secondary objective is to present several potentially interesting research scenarios using the presented approach. For the purpose of these analyses, selected definitions of foreign policy functioning in the mainstream of Polish science (by leading researchers of international relations) and included in English-language publications of renowned foreign publishers will be presented. Then, the authors’ definition of foreign policy will be proposed based on these publications. In the following subsections there will be a presentation of selected elements of foreign policy analysis in the form of its determinants, structure and instruments. In their research, the authors used secondary research material in the form of scientific articles in Polish and English. The method used in the research is the method of content analysis.
Celem wiodącym niniejszej pracy jest przybliżenie możliwości badawczych, jakie daje analiza uwarunkowań, struktury oraz instrumentów polityki zagranicznej państwa. Wtórnym celem jest zaś prezentacja kilku potencjalnie interesujących scenariuszy badawczych z wykorzystaniem przedstawionego ujęcia. Na potrzeby niniejszych rozważań przytoczono wybrane definicje polityki zagranicznej funkcjonujące w głównym nurcie polskiej nauki (autorstwa czołowych badaczy stosunków międzynarodowych) oraz zawarte w anglojęzycznych publikacjach renomowanych wydawnictw zagranicznych. Następnie na ich podstawie zaproponowano autorską definicję polityki zagranicznej. W kolejnych podrozdziałach zawarto prezentację wybranych elementów analizy polityki zagranicznej w postaci jej uwarunkowań, struktury oraz instrumentów. W swoich badaniach autorzy wykorzystali wtórny materiał badawczy w postaci opracowań naukowych w języku polskim i angielskim. W badaniach zastosowano metodę analizy treści.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2020, 32 (39); 39-51
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Girls Have All the Fun? Anxiety and Enjoyment in the Foreign Language Classroom
Autorzy:
Dewaele, Jean-Marc
MacIntyre, Peter
Boudreau, Carmen
Dewaele, Livia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Foreign Language Enjoyment
Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety
individual differences
gender
Opis:
The present study focuses on gender differences in Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) among 1746 FL learners (1287 females, 449 males) from around the world. We used 21 items Likert scale ratings reflecting various aspects of FLE (AUTHORS), and 8 items extracted from the FLCAS (Horwitz et al., 1986).  An open question on FLE also provided us with narrative data.  Previous research on the database, relying on an average measure of FLE and FLCA (AUTHORS) revealed significant gender differences.  The present study looks at gender differences in FLE and FLCA at item level. Independent t-tests revealed that female participants reported having significantly more fun in the FL class where they felt that they were learning interesting things, and they were prouder than male peers of their FL performance.  However, female participants also experienced significantly more (mild) FLCA: they worried significantly more than male peers about their mistakes and were less confident in using the FL. Our female participants thus reported experiencing both more positive and more mild negative emotions in the FL classroom.  We argue that this heightened emotionality benefits the acquisition and use of the FL.
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2016, 2, 1
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign economic links of the Republic of Moldova and their dynamics in the 1991-2015
Autorzy:
Mądry, Cezary
Sochircă, Vitalie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1201775.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Moldova
foreign trade
trade balance
export
import
foreign direct investments
Opis:
The paper presents changes in foreign links of the Republic of Moldova in the field of trade balance (import and export of goods) and capital ties in the form of foreign direct investment. The focus was not only on the value of turnover but also on its branch structure and geographical directions. The most important determinants forming these relationships, in particular, the natural, historical, political, and institutional ones have also been presented. The collected data show the changes that have taken place during Moldova’s independence, with the starting point being 1991, the year in which Moldova regained independence. In this way the directions of economic integration of the country could be demonstrated.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2016, 6, 2; 59-67
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The anxiety-proficiency relationship and the stability of anxiety: The case of Chinese university learners of English and Japanese.
Autorzy:
Jin, Yinxing
de Bot, Kees
Keijzer, Merel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
foreign language anxiety
foreign language proficiency
stability
Chinese university student
Opis:
Adopting a longitudinal design, this study investigates the effects of foreign language anxiety on foreign language proficiency over time within English and Japanese learning contexts. It also explores the stability of anxiety in English and Japanese over time and the stability of anxiety across English and Japanese. Chinese university students (N=146), who were simultaneously learning Japanese and English, participated in this study. Data were collected twice over a 2-month interval, using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, the English Proficiency Scale, and the Japanese Proficiency Scale. Results showed that anxiety changes had a significantly negative, but weak, correlation with the development of overall proficiency and the proficiency in sub- skills such as reading or speaking, for both English and Japanese, suggesting the interference of anxiety with proficiency levels. Anxiety in Japanese tended to decrease significantly over time, but no significant change was found for English. Furthermore, no significant difference between anxiety in Japanese and English was found at either testing time.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2015, 5, 1; 41-63
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 959

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