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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 77
Tytuł:
Executive Compensation. A Review of the Latest Research
Autorzy:
Aluchna, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-09-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
executive compensation
corporate governance
Opis:
Purpose: The paper presents a review of the latest research on executive compensation and indicates the main problems and weaknesses of the existing solutions as well as trends for the future. Methodology: In the analysis executive compensation constitutes a crucial element of corporate �governance. The analysis is based on a review of the latest studies and research on the effectiveness of executive compensation referring to its size, structure and disclosure. Findings: The paper presents the latest fi ndings in the practice of executive compensation and it points to the extension of the period of time giving rise to the payment of cash bonuses, the introduction of a range of different indicators, based on which executives are evaluated, simplifying compensation packages, the implementation of deferred payments, the introduction of the “say on pay” rule and clawbacks. Practical implications: The analysis points out the main weaknesses of executive compensation, which were particularly emphasized in research studies on companies affected by the fi nancial crisis. The paper presents a wide range of suggested solutions that could be implemented in the fi eld of executive compensation in order to provide for a better alignment of the interests of executives with those of shareholders and for the increase in shareholder value. Originality/value: The paper attempts to identify the most severe corporate governance problems with reference to executive compensation and to confront them with research results as well as the recently proposed and implemented reforms and recommendations.
Źródło:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2013, 21, 3(122); 3-14
2084-3356
Pojawia się w:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The executive agency as a legal organisational form of implementing cybersecurity tasks
Autorzy:
Karpiuk, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-01
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cybersecurity
cyberspace
executive agency
Opis:
The national cybersecurity system is formed of a number of public entities, including executive agencies with legal personality as entities of the public finance sector. The executive agency could implement cybersecurity tasks important to the functioning of the state and its institutions. Through this legal organisational form, it would be possible to shape the development of new technologies that could then serve a digital society or digital state, including the protection of ICT systems for communication, as well as the provision of digital services and key services. Due to the widespread activity in cyberspace, it is necessary to have entities in place to protect its users. Such an entity could have the form of a cyber agency, working with other institutions (public and private), that is competent for cybersecurity
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 48-60
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The executive agency as a legal organisational form of implementing cybersecurity tasks
Autorzy:
Karpiuk, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/17900903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cybersecurity
cyberspace
executive agency
Opis:
The national cybersecurity system is formed of a number of public entities, including executive agencies with legal personality as entities of the public finance sector. The executive agency could implement cybersecurity tasks important to the functioning of the state and its institutions. Through this legal organisational form, it would be possible to shape the development of new technologies that could then serve a digital society or digital state, including the protection of ICT systems for communication, as well as the provision of digital services and key services. Due to the widespread activity in cyberspace, it is necessary to have entities in place to protect its users. Such an entity could have the form of a cyber agency, working with other institutions (public and private), that is competent for cybersecurity
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 48-60
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhancement of Executive Control through Short-term Cognitive Training: Far-transfer Effects on General Fluid Intelligence
Autorzy:
Nęcka, Edward
Wujcik, Radosław
Nowak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cognitive training
executive control
intelligence
Opis:
We predicted that short-term training of executive control would improve both cognitive control itself (Hypothesis 1) and general fluid intelligence (Hypothesis 2). We randomly assigned 120 high school students to the experimental and control groups. The former underwent a 14-day training of four executive functions: interference resolution, response inhibition, task switching, and goal monitoring. The latter did not train anything. The training significantly improved cognitive control and IQ. The control group also improved their IQ scores but gained less than the experimental one. However, the amount of IQ scores enhancement did not correlate with the majority of indices of the training effectiveness, thus justifying the supposition that such enhancement resulted from the general effect of participation in the training rather than from the improvement of executive functions underlying Gf.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 1; 72-78
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND AUTONOMY OF PATIENTS WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Autorzy:
Anikiej, Paulina
Mański, Arkadiusz
Bidzan, Mariola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-05-08
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
rare disease
attention
memory
executive functions
Opis:
Cognitive problems and a deepening dependence on one’s immediate environment inherently accompany Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The disease is progressive, and the size of the dystrophin gene determines the extraordinary complexity of the causes of this disease at the genetic and molecular level. The aim of the study was to characterize the cognitive problems and the extent of independence of patients with genetically confirmed DMD. An attempt was also made to reconstruct the patient's life history in three periods: before the appearance of the first symptoms, during the search for a diagnosis and after confirming the diagnosis of DMD. The study group consisted of male patients between 10 and 13 years of age (N = 14). The Diagnosis of Cognitive Functions Battery - PU1 and an experimental tool for studying autonomy were used. Information on the condition of the attention, memory and executive functions of patients was obtained. The study of autonomy measurably supplemented knowledge in terms of the degree of the patients’ dependence on the environment with regard to everyday functioning. The best functioning component of attention in the examined patients is orientation (o) (13 patients achieved average results in this aspect). Selectivity (s) turned out to be the weakest component, as only five patients obtained average results (the others obtained low results) in this aspect. Autonomy results (AU) indicate group diversity and inter-subject variability in the disease progression (subjects scored from 6 to 47 points). The clinical picture of the disease is not homogeneous. Patients, despite their similar age, differ in the progression of the disease and the resulting effects. This induces the need for an individual approach to each patient and the preparation of a unique set of therapeutic interactions for each of them.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2018, 16(2); 157-166
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Code of the Administrative Procedures according to the Principle of the Power Separation and Balancing in the Central and Local Government Bodies in Albania
Autorzy:
Sadushi, Mimoza
Shatku, Saimir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
public administration
state administration
reform
executive
Opis:
Different authors at different times have given an unequal definition to the term of public administration compared to what it is used today. The author Georges Vestel has defined the public administration as “the set of activities aimed at maintaining the public peace and meeting other needs of the general interest. This definition corresponds to the etymology of the term administration - “administration” which means “to serve”. But Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his work, Social Charter, defined the public administration under the government term. He stated that: “I call a government or a supreme administration the legitimate exercise of the executive power. Some authors use “administrative” and “executive” terms in an alternate way, with the same meaning. Other authors make a clear distinction between terms. They define the state administration as “an activity which is carried out for the concrete fulfilment of the functions of the state and the duties of the organs of the state administration”. So these authors distinguish the state administration from the executive activity which the executive bodies perform. The paper aims to suggest a set of strategies and improvements by starting from a theoretical background of the definition of power balance and separation in public administration and governing bodies and its evolutionary definition over time, and by reflecting those findings as a set of suggestions, by considering the actual Albanian Code of Administrative procedures, strategies and practices.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2017, 16; 133-140
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Listening SPAN: A new tool for measuring verbal working memory
Autorzy:
Zychowicz, Katarzyna
Biedroń, Adriana
Pawlak, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
working memory
central executive
listening span
Opis:
Individual differences in second language acquisition (SLA) encompass differences in working memory capacity, which is believed to be one of the most crucial factors influencing language learning. However, in Poland research on the role of working memory in SLA is scarce due to a lack of proper Polish instruments for measuring this construct. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of construction and validation of the Polish Listening Span (PLSPAN) as a tool intended to measure verbal working memory of adults. The article presents the requisite theoretical background as well as the information about the PLSPAN, that is, the structure of the test, the scoring procedures and the steps taken with the aim of validating it.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2017, 7, 4; 601-618
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coping Strategies and COVID-19 Prevalence Among University Students Learning in the Online and Blended Mode
Autorzy:
Markiewicz, Katarzyna
Kaczmarek, Bożydar L.J.
Oryshchyn-Buzhdyhan, Lidiya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
country
age
gender
personality
executive functions
Opis:
The study assessed whether students who contracted COVID-19 and did not fall ill differed in coping strategies. The study comprised 111 participants, including 55.9% who were infected and 44.1% who were not. It consisted of online (49.5%) and blended mode learners (50.5%) aged 19 to 31. We used the Brief COPE Inventory to assess ways of coping with stress. Among online students, 65.5% fell ill, while less than half of blended mode learners got sick. Students who contracted COVID-19 were more likely to use maladaptive coping strategies, and respondents who did not become ill were more likely to use adaptive strategies.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2022, 68; 223-234
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
When Affect Supports Cognitive Control – A Working Memory Perspective
Autorzy:
Kolańczyk, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
executive functions
affect
purposive activity
working memory
Opis:
The paper delineates a study of executive functions (EFs), construed as procedural working memory (WM), from a motivational perspective. Since WM theories and motivation theories are both concerned with purposive activity, the role of implicit evaluations (affects) observed in goal pursuit can be anticipated to arise also in the context of cognitive control, e.g., during the performance of the Stroop task. The role of positive and negative affect in goal pursuit consists in controlling attention resources according to the goal and situational requirements. Positive affect serves to maintain goals and means in the scope of attention (EF1), whereas negative affect activates the inhibition of non-functional contents, e.g., distractors and irrelevant objects (resulting in attention disengagement; EF2). Adaptation to conflict proceeds via sequential triggering of negative and positive affect (EF3). Moreover, it was demonstrated that the focus on action or reflection changes the scope of contents subjected to implicit (affective) control. Therefore, I suggest that the motivational system, to a large extent, plays the role of the Central Executive. The paper opens a discussion and proposes studies on affective mechanisms of cognitive control.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 29-42
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is the executive function necessary for inferring mental states of other people? evidence from studies on patients with brain impairment
Autorzy:
Pluta, Agnieszka
Łojek, Emilia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951714.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-11-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
theory of mind
executive functions
brain impairment.
Opis:
Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to represent the mental states of others. The Executive Function (EF) refers to higher-level cognitive processes encompassing planning, inhibition, coordination, shifting, and coordination of action sequences. Current studies on ToM and EF suggest that these two cognitive abilities might be functionally or anatomically linked. Although the relation between ToM and EF has been widely investigated, the results remain inconclusive particularly when considering the functional architecture of a mature brain system. The present study aims to seek this lacuna with the use of neuropsychological methodology. The pattern of ToM and EF defi cits within patients with brain injury were investigated. We compared the performance of four patients with a set of tasks examining theory of mind abilities and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) assessing EF functioning. Results yielded a dissociation between ToM and EF, suggesting that in an adults’ brain executive functions are not necessary for inferring the mental states of others.
Źródło:
Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies); 2011, 49, 5; 77-88
0081-685X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Executive-legislative interface and functioning of political institutions in Romania
Autorzy:
Bharti, Mukesh Shankar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42932313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Executive-Legislative Conflict
Political Institution
Democratization
Romania
Opis:
The purpose of this study is to discuss the struggle between the prime minister and the president to exercise legislative and executive power. According to the constitution of Romania, there is a clear division of power between the President and the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the head of government but the President also plays a key role in the country. There are many examples of interference in legislative work by the President of Romania. The paper discusses power sharing between the legislative and executive power of the Prime minister and the President of Romania. Because of the semi-presidential system in the country, the President of Romania has equal legislative power as the Prime minister. This has in practice led to major contradictions in the functioning of the Romanian political system. The paper analyses the substantial power that the Constitution vests the President with affects the Prime Minister’s role in the country. That is why Romania’s democratic journey has been one of power struggle between the President and the Prime Minister. Apart from the many conflicts between the President and Prime Minister, there is a massive debate on corruption which has also critically affected institution-building in this new democracy. There are discussions about the pillar of democratic bodies which is fragile and lacks trust in political institutions.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2024, 28; 32-62
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Executive dysfunction profile in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Autorzy:
Olejnik, Agnieszka
Bala, Aleksandra
Dziedzic, Tomasz
Rysz, Andrzej
Marchel, Andrzej
Kunert, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28762847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-10
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
MTLE
executive functions
cognitive disorders
cognitive functioning
Opis:
The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of the profile of executive dysfunctions in patients with MTLE and the search for associations between the results of neuropsychological tests and individual clinical variables. We examined 25 patients with MTLE and 25 healthy controls using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Color Trails Test (CTT), Tower of London (ToL), Victoria Stroop Test (VLT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We considered the possible effects of seizure frequency and lateralization of the epileptogenic zone on various aspects of cognitive functioning. MTLE group scored significantly lower than controls in MoCA (p = 0.000) and needed significantly more time (p=0.000) in CTT-2. They also had lower scores in several parts of ToL (total correct, p=0.004; additional moves, p=0.038; execution time, p=0.001; problem-solving time, p=0.003) and WCST (error responses, p=0.003; conceptual level responses, p=0.000; completed categories, p=0.007; perseverative responses, p=0.004; perseverative errors, p=0.009). There were no significant differences between the clinical and control group in VST and in other indicators of CTT, ToL and WCST. Neither the laterality of the epileptogenic focus nor the seizure frequency were significantly correlated with the results. Patients with MTLE exhibit a wide range of executive dysfunctions. Importantly, the disorders were present only in some aspects of functioning, such as: logical reasoning, planning, switching between tasks, cognitive flexibility and problem-solving, while others e.g. inhibition, remained normal. Our results constitute a significant enrichment of knowledge concerning the specificity of functioning of this group of patients which may help clinicians to introduce solutions to improve the functioning of these patients.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2024, 22(1); 1-13
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance based compensation – a practical guidance on remuneration of corporate executives
Wynagrodzenie zależne od efektów – praktyczne aspekty wynagradzania osób zarządzających spółkami kapitałowymi
Autorzy:
Kecskés, András
Halász, Vendel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
CEO (Chief executive officer)
corporate governance
executive
option
remuneration
prezes zarządu
zarządzanie spółkami kapitałowymi
członek zarządu
opcja
wynagrodzenie
Opis:
W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach nastąpiły istotne zmiany w zakresie wynagrodzeń osób zarządzających firmami. Nie tylko tendencja wzrostu tych wynagrodzeń, lecz także znaczące przejście w kierunku uwzględniania czynników opartych na wyniku i (szczególnie) wartości rynkowej firmy, sprawiły, że zjawisko to zwróciło uwagę prawników i ekonomistów. W artykule tym autorzy, w oparciu o obowiązujące regulacje prawne, chcieliby rzucić światło na praktyczne aspekty określania wysokości uposażeń osób zarządzających korporacjami.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2014, XCII (92); 69-90
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Engagement of Executive Outcomes in Sierra Leone – utility assessment
Autorzy:
Maciąg, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-03
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Private Military Companies
PMCs
Executive Outcomes
Armed Contractors
Opis:
The article explores combat related Private Military Companies (PMCs) that are authorised to engage in the forefront of the battlefield as dedicated force multipliers. To supplement empirical data with qualitative observation, the methodology applies the case study and observation method. Considering assistance in conflict termination as a dependent variable, the methodology evaluates the case study of Executive Outcomes in Sierra Leone and, to impose a framework for observation, deconstructs that case with seven independent variables: competence, effectiveness, flexibility, field cooperation with conventional forces, cost efficiency, impact on military and the state-to-PMC balance. The methodology indicates what factors were prevalent in effective conflict management and what indicators entailed chal- lenges. The results advocate for the competence, flexibility, effectiveness and cooperation with armed forces to be deemed conclusive in positive PMC engagement, whereas the cost efficiency, impact on conventional military and the state-to-PMC balance require improvement. Since governments have continued to be hesitant (justified either by financial, geopolitical or social incen- tives) towards overseas military operations where asymmetric warfare is taking place, PMCs stepped in to fill the se- curity void. Therefore, this paper argues that PMCs are here to stay; however, the literature hasn’t rigorously ex- plored the subject matter to determine whether indicators of success and failure exist to evaluate the PMC outcome. This paper also precipitates natural outgrowth in the scholarship by composing the benchmark that synthesises relevant data.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 27, 5; 57-71
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Verbal and visual memory performances of children with moderate-into-severe asthma
Autorzy:
Taha, Haitham
Khalil, Mahmood
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121682.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
asthma
executive functions
kindergarten
Verbal memory
Visual Memory
Opis:
Previous research reported about high comorbidity between asthma and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recently, asthma was associated also with executive functions poorness. The current study aimed to investigate the verbal and visual memory performances among fifteen asthmatic kindergarten children compared to the performances of other fifteen healthy kindergarten children. The results showed that the asthmatic group revealed poor performances in the immediate short term verbal memory and the verbal working memory tests but not in the verbal learning test as it was compared to the healthy group. In addition, the asthmatic group revealed poor performances in the visual memory tasks compared to the healthy group. The results were explained in light of the assumption that poor executive functions might be interfere the process of managing the attentional resources which are needed through the process of memory encoding and retrieval.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2019, 50, 1; 13-17
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 77

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