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Tytuł:
Recent U.S. and International Assessment of Baltic Security Developments
Autorzy:
Chapman, Bert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-19
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
geopolitics
European security
baltic security
Opis:
Examining analysis of Baltic security developments from U.S. government and military resources, scholarly journal articles, and multinational public policy research institute assessments. Analyzing content and rhetoric within these resources to learn how those producing these materials view Baltic security developments and their viewpoints on how the U.S. and its allies should respond to these developments focusing on increasing Russian regional assertiveness. Provides interpretations of Baltic security developments, Russian Baltic policy, and U.S. and NATO responses ot these developments in materials produced by U.S. civilian and military policymakers and multinational scholarly analysis. Includes performance assessments of U.S. programs including the European Deterrence Initiative and potential Russian military activity in the Baltics as reflected in varying reports by the U.S. Government, military, and multinational public policy research institutions. Recommends U.S. and NATO countries recognize a new Cold War exists with a revisionist Russia. Advocates continuing NATO military exercise, upgrading civilian and military infrastructure protection, and enhancing U.S. and allied preparedness. Urges ongoing and candid dialogue between NATO and Russia to keep this situation from erupting into war. Insists the U.S. and its allies adroitly respond to Russian attempts to influence and manipulate public opinion toward Moscow. Expresses concern that U.S. partisan division over 2016 Russian interference in U.S. presidential election makes achieving greater Baltic policy cohesion difficult. Advocates warning Russia of devastating consequences of attempts to militarily invade or subvert Baltic countries.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 26, 4; 3-33
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Security policy of the Baltic States and its determining factors
Autorzy:
Piotrowski, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
security policy
European security
Baltic States
Opis:
The history of the nations living in today’s Baltic States is marked by fighting against stronger neighbours: Russia, Poland, Sweden, Denmark and the German settlers in their territories. Unlike Lithuanians, Estonians and Latvians failed to create their own statehood before the 20 th century. The Lithuanians created their own state, a powerful one, which then became a part of an even wider state organism – the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result, the security policy of Lithuania was identical to that of the First Republic of Poland. Although there were tribes living within the area of current Estonia and Latvia for many centuries up to the outbreak of World War I, the lands of Latvia and Estonia had been changing owners and had been under the rule of almost all neighbouring countries. As a result of the positive outcome of the First World War, but also thanks to their efforts, the Baltic States regained independence in order to lose it after only 20 years, as a consequence of another war. After restoring independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Baltic States realised that even acting together they were unable to defend themselves against a potential aggressor. As a result, they decided to follow in the footsteps of other countries of the former Eastern Bloc (e.g. Poland and Slovakia) and to integrate with Western European structures such as NATO and the EU. Following NATO inclusion, the security strategies of the Baltic States have been revised in line with the changes in their surrounding geopolitical environment.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2018, 22, 5; 46-70
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Union towards the crisis in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Demkowicz, A.
Sheyakov, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
European Union
Ukraine
military conflict
European security
Opis:
The authors of this article are focusing on the role of the European Union in managing the crisis that occurred at its Eastern borders. The political conflict in Ukraine, which we have witnessed since 2013, entered a military phase. The European Union, in its sense of responsibility for shaping security at its borders, should have reacted adequately to circumstances. The implementation of the EU crisis response process occurred gradually, using, above all, diplomatic sources of crisis solving. All the same, despite the military capabilities for conflict management, the European Union did not decide to use them for shaping security in the Eastern part of Ukraine. The authors have attempted to describe the involvement of the European Union bodies in this process and to evaluate its effectiveness.In assessing such a critical but also sensitive area that is shaping security, it is important to remember about the limitations of the European Union as an organization consisting of sovereign states functioning in the international environment.The European Union, in its actions, needs to rely on the consensus of the variety of national interests of the member states as well as the credibility in implementing universal values, which the organization commonly declares and promotes among the international community.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2017, 4; 5-21
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Security Management at the National Level. A Comparative Analysis of Strategies for the Development of Defence Capability in the United Kingdom and Poland
Autorzy:
Iwancz, Joanna
Toszek, Bartlomiej H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
security management
European security
defence capability
United Kingdom
Polska
Opis:
The article presents the positions of the UK and Polish governments on the importance of European security management as a factor influencing and shaping the defence doctrine in both states. Building on the systemic nature of European security, security management concepts, as defined in UK and Poland’s strategies for developing defence capabilities, have been examined using a system analysis. The assessment of the issue from the perspective of the UK and Polish governments is based on a decision-making analysis, while differences in the approach to European security are demonstrated through a comparative method. The authors have shown that the actual perception of European security as part of the global order is a factor determining the current involvement of the UK Government in the process of security management. However, the Polish government has shown interest in similar actions only to the extent these are convergent with national security.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 1(51); 109-117
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of Poland in ensuring European security
Autorzy:
Tavares, António
Kolano, Wiktoria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2077743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-29
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
European Security
Battle Groups
crisis response
refugee
war
Opis:
Safety is one of the basic human needs. It should be understood that in order to be able to function properly and develop, a person needs appropriate conditions. One of the primary conditions is the guarantee of security, both looking through the prism of the individual and the general public. Previous disputes, conflicts and wars determine future political decisions and affect the type of international alliances formed. The guarantor of security is above all a stable, well-organized and strong state, as well as citizens who are aware of the responsibility for this security. Every country needs a strong ally to increase its security on the international arena. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Eastern Europe, including Poland, dropped the shackles of the Soviet occupation and turned its eyes to the west, seeking military support within that area. Membership in NATO has made Poles feel relatively safe since 1999. Poland’s allies have become members of the Alliance, whose strongest link is the United States. Poland’s position on the map of Europe determines its impact on the situation of the entire continent. European geopolitics mainly affects the conditions, security and politics of the Polish state. The aim of the article is to characterize the role of the Member States of the European Union in ensuring European security, on the example of Polish. This article constitutes an analysis and was created based on content analysis method and qualitative statistical data analysis.
Źródło:
Security Forum; 2022, 6, 1; 21-34
2544-1809
Pojawia się w:
Security Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in Polish Strategic Culture in the Context of Challenges and Threats of the 21st Century
Autorzy:
Zarobny, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
security
strategic
European security institutions
the North Atlantic Alliance
arms traditions
Opis:
In the article the author presents the genesis and evolution of the research on strategic culture. He also conducts an analysis of the conditions and factors shaping the Polish strategic culture and the role of the Polish national security strategy in it. Attempts are also made to evaluate the Polish strategic culture, with an emphasis on the perception of the role of military forces in it. The main research problem is as follows: Is strategic culture really present in Poland and what were the conditions for its development? Specific questions to be answered are: What has characterized strategic culture in Poland? What factors have determined the shape of Polish strategic culture? What is its impact on foreign policy and Poland’s security? How are armed forces perceived in Polish strategic culture? The main conclusion is that Poland has its own strategic culture, which has been shaped by historical experience.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2020, 34(34); 122-144
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Union’s Security Conceptualisation vs. its Risk Prevention Capabilities
Konceptualizacja bezpieczeństwa versus zdolność przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom w Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Dziewulska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European security
European security strategy
defence
comprehensive approach
integrated approach
CSDP
bezpieczeństwo europejskie
europejska strategia bezpieczeństwa
obronność
kompleksowe podejście
zintegrowane podejście
WPBiO
Opis:
The European Union, as an area of unquestionable prosperity, on which the countries that make up it have been working since the 1950s, faces the constant challenge of combating threats to the security of its societies. In a changing world, these threats are constantly evolving. They were first summarised in the European Security Strategy and the list of threats was revised in Global Strategy published in 2016. The Union is therefore aware both of the processes of change in international relations and of the threats that this entails for the Union, its Member States and society. Does this awareness motivate Member States and EU authorities to consolidate their defence efforts? Are the measures to address the risks to the Union adequate to the degree of danger? Are the policies of the Union so developed as to maintain peace of mind in the face of threats? This article analyses the risks and attempts to answer these questions.
Unia Europejska jako obszar niekwestionowanego dobrobytu, nad budowaniem którego państwa ją tworzące pracują od lat 1950-tych, stoi przed ciągłym wyzwaniem zwalczania zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa swoich społeczeństw. W zmieniającym się świecie, zagrożenia te stale ewoluują. Ich pierwszego podsumowania dokonano w Europejskiej Strategii Bezpieczeństwa, a listę zagrożeń zweryfikowano w opublikowanej w 2016 r. Strategii Globalnej. Jest więc w Unii świadomość zarówno procesów zmian zachodzących w stosunkach międzynarodowych, jak i zagrożeń pojawiających się w związku z tym dla Unii, jej państw członkowskich i społeczeństwa. Czy świadomość ta motywuje państwa członkowskie i władze Unii do konsolidacji wysiłku obronnego? Czy środki odziaływania na zagrożenia dla Unii są adekwatne do stopnia niebezpieczeństwa? Czy polityki Unii są na tyle rozbudowane, że pozwalają zachować spokój wobec zagrożeń? Niniejszy artykuł analizuje zagrożenia i stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2020, 14; 125-140
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ukraine Crisis and Shift in us Foreign Policy
Autorzy:
Woźniak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Ukraine Crisis
US Foreign Policy
Ukraine
Russia
NATO
European Security
Opis:
War in Ukraine and the Russian annexation of Crimea are the events that changed the US policy towards Russia. The events in Ukraine forced the United States to take a closer look at Eastern and Central Europe. The United States’ policy during the Ukrainian crisis has been limited to sanctions and strong statements so far because in Ukraine there is an asymmetry of interests. Ukraine is much more important to Russia than to the United States. The United States may be willing to support the democratic and western aspiration of Ukrainians but will not risk a major conflict with Russia over it. However the crisis in Ukraine is not only about Ukraine or Russia. It is also about US credibility around the world. Both friends and foes are watching closely the American reaction to the situation. That is why the United States has increased its military presence in those NATO countries that share borders with Russia.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2016, 18, 2
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The judgmental failures of the Western European states towards the Russian Federation by perceiving it through European values
Autorzy:
Chabska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23944842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Russian political strategy
European security
failures
strategic misleading
Opis:
Objectives: The purpose of this article is to show the Western European judgmental failures towards Russia by perceiving it through European values. These failures have a negative impact on European security and all of them appeared because Russia was considered the European state and the European values were put in Russia. In fact, the Russian Federation is only a geographic part of Europe, but no longer a part of European civilization. Methods: The research was conducted by analyzing the relationship between Western European countries and the Russian Federation, as well as analyzing the general condition of Russian society and Russian foreign policy. Results: This article states that Western European countries made a critical mistake by adopting European values to the Russian Federation. This hypothesis was composed by addressing the following question: What is the grand strategy of the Russian Federation? What are judgmental failures and what are their types? What judgmental failures were made by Western Europe towards Russia? Conclusions: The Russian Federation for the past years has been treated by the Western European states as a strategic business partner, however as it can be seen now, this approach was misleading and was a complete failure in terms of European security. Countries such as France and Germany had not seen Russia as an enemy of the West.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2022, 7, 15; 13--25
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bucharest nine in the process of strategic deterrence on Nato’s eastern flank
Autorzy:
Banasik, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-10
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Bucharest Nine States
strategic deterrence
Russian threats
European security
Eastern flank
NATO
European Union
Opis:
The purpose of the research presented in this article was to analyze the role of the Bucharest Nine States (B9) in shaping NATO’s strategic deterrence mechanisms and to assess their effectiveness in ensuring the security of the eastern flank. When discussing the research problems, top-down and bottom-up approaches were adopted to confront NATO’s deterrence initiatives with the expectations of B9. The research process revealed that B9 encourage the United States to engage in European security. They are aware of the need to pay a high cost for their own security, they make defensive efforts in projects implemented by the European Union, especially in acquiring capabilities that guarantee the defense of their own territory and deterrence through punishment. They create conditions for the operating of battalion battle groups on their own territory, or participate in them themselves, and make a large contribution to the reformed NATO response forces and command system. The B9 states actively participate in building allied horizontal deterrence mechanisms to prevent asymmetric escalation of conflict, as well as mechanisms of deterrence by denial to thwart the conquest of their own territory.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2021, 1; 27-53
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Military Role of the Kaliningrad Region in Security Concepts of the USSR and the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Paradowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:
Kaliningrad
Central‑Eastern Europe
European security
Western policy of the Russian Federation
Opis:
Vladimir Putin’s Russia is a country with strong aspirations to rebuild its superpower position in the world. In this process, the Kaliningrad Region and its military strength play a significant role. At the same time, this region is an important element of the foreign policy and security of the Russian Federation, and due to its geographical location, it is a key element of Russia’s political and military influence on the Western countries. The region also plays an important economic role, and the Russian Baltic Fleet oftenarried out activities supporting the economic development of the region and the country. After the takeover of power by Vladimir Putin, the significance of Kaliningrad increased even more, and the area itself plays an important role in the New Defense Doctrine of the Russian Federation. A tendency visible for years, relating to the region, is to increase the military position of the Kaliningrad Region together with increasing aspirations of imperial power by the Kremlin.
Źródło:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, 5; 33-44
2543-6961
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kurdistan’s role in European energy security
Autorzy:
Ismael, Hemin Mohammed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Kurdistan Region
Iraq
European Energy Security
natural gas
Opis:
The paper analyzes the Kurdistan Regional Government’s (KRG) natural resource strategies, such as how it deals with huge reserves of many trillion cubic feet of its natural gas as significant energy. Because natural gas belongs to the cleanest burning fossil fuels, with 30 percent less carbon than oil, it plays a role in the global fuel economy. As KRG transports its natural gas to international markets, like European countries, via Turkey it means they also participate in energy security as a new actor. Because the KRG is landlocked, strong factors may affect Kurdish natural gas strategies because KRG is surrounded by today’s partners and yesterday’s enemies politically and economically. Turkey, the neighbor of KRG, also buys its gas and has an influence on these strategies after the Ukraine crisis that pushed European countries to make a turn towards Caspian natural gas. Kurdistan is part of the best option for European energy security as it plans to diversify natural gas imports. While the KRG benefits from selling its natural gas directly to international markets, this will come with some struggles. Many of these obstacles can be classified into two types: internal and external obstacles, such as a conflict with the central government regarding how to share gas revenues. Others problems include Iranian neighbor interest on natural resources in Kurdistan and Russia that looks to Kurdish gas as its ally if Kurdistan joins the southern gas corridor pipeline.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2020, 10, 1; 33-41
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Interests of Great Britain in the Conditions of the Modern Crisis of the European Security System
Autorzy:
Grybinko, Andriy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
European security system
USA
NATO
EU
Russia
Ukraine,
military-political conflict
Great Britain
Opis:
Strategic approaches and interests of Great Britain in the conditions of the modern crisis of the European security system in connection with the Russian-Ukrainian conflict are analyzed in the article. The historical features of London’s policy on the subject of European integration in the field of security are discovered. The author concentrates attention on the reasons of the modern crisis of the European security system. There are revealed the forming factors and the main point of political positions of the EU, the US, NATO, and Great Britain in relation to the military-political aggression of Russia against Ukraine in 2014. The features of the European policy of the British government in the field of security and the strategic interests of Great Britain in the conditions of a renewal of the elements of bloc-civilization conflict are analyzed.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2015, 14(21); 67-83
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy Security as a Priority for CEE countries. Is the King Naked?
Autorzy:
Szwedziak-Bork, Ilona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
energy policy
energy security
Energy Union
European Energy Security Strategy
Opis:
The aim of this article is to assess the implementation process of the EU energy security policy in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. In the EU, energy security remains a crucial issue for European Energy Strategy, the fundamental goals of which include the security of supply, sustainability and competitiveness. Security of supply should be considered the most important aspect in this context, because it is connected to deep interdependencies between markets and economies, often based on political or even geo-political considerations. This is currently particularly noticeable, among other things, in the relations between the EU and Russia, where – in the event of any potential energy supply disturbances – some CEE countries are considered to be the most exposed. By analysing matters referred to the security of energy supplies, the article aims to determine the scope of activities undertaken by selected CEE countries which are also EU Member States in order to achieve this goal. The paper stresses the significance of cooperation by CEE countries at regional level, and focuses on initiatives and projects meant to ensure the security of their energy supplies. The conclusions of the paper assess some of the success stories as well as failures experienced by CEE countries in the process of building their energy independence.
Le but de cet article est d'évaluer la mise en oeuvre de la politique de sécurité énergétique de l’Union européenne dans les pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale (PECO). Dans l'UE, la sécurité énergétique est un enjeu crucial pour la Stratégie énergétique européenne qui contient parmi ces objectifs fondamentaux la sécurité de l'approvisionnement, la durabilité et la compétitivité. La sécurité de l’approvisionnement doit être considérée comme l'aspect le plus important dans ce contexte, car elle est liée aux interdépendances profondes entre les marchés et les économies, souvent basées sur des considérations politiques ou même géo-politiques. Ceci est actuellement particulièrement visible, entre autres, dans les relations entre l'UE et la Russie, où - dans le cas de perturbations concernant l'approvisionnement en énergie - certains PECO sont considérés comme le plus exposés. En analysant les questions concernant la sécurité de l’approvisionnement énergétique, l'article vise à déterminer l’étendue des activités entreprises par certains PECO [qui sont aussi les États Membres de l’Union européenne] afin d’atteindre cet objectif. L’article souligne l'importance de la coopération des PECO au niveau régional et se focalise sur les initiatives et les projets visés à assurer la sécurité de l’approvisionnement énergétique de ces pays. Les conclusions de cet article évaluent des réussites, ainsi que les échecs des PECO, dans le processus de la construction de leur indépendance énergétique.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(13); 95-120
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian policy in Eastern and Central Europe: a historical analysis. Romanian case.
Autorzy:
Stoian, Valentin
Nită, Cristian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/501713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-11-15
Wydawca:
Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
Tematy:
historical analysis,
strategy to re-conquer the Eastern and Central European area,
the European security system.
Opis:
The appeal to the Russian historical, imperial or soviet, legacy as a significant residual factor, plays and has played an important role in the emergence of the Russian political- -military elites’ strategic culture, either during Soviet times or in the post-communist period. Within this context, historical analysis would allow us to identify the potential directions, means and methods (military, political, economic, cultural) employed by the Russian Federation in its goal to multiply and expand its presence in Eastern and Central Europe. Economic weakness, social discrepancies, and accelerated demographic decline of the current Russian state are masked by an appeal to the historical legacy and to the need to recover the political legacy of the past through promoting the concepts of slavophilism and, especially, eurasianism. Russian military and non-military reactions to the potential European accession of ex-soviet states, seen as part of its sphere of influence, as well as its strategy to re-conqer the Eastern and Central European area are already creating deep effects on the European security system, as well as on the political, economic, cultural and social foundations of the European Union, being the greatest security challenge to Western democracy.
Źródło:
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego; 2016, 8, 14; 130-139
2080-1335
2720-0841
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
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