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Tytuł:
Coal mining waste dumps as secondary deposits – examples from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and the Lublin Coal Basin
Autorzy:
Gawor, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
coal mining wastes
coal mining waste dumps
recovery of coal
Opis:
Polish coal mining industry generates approximately 30 million Mg of mining wastes per year, which represents the largest amount of industrial waste in Poland. This results in the disposal of a huge volume of wastes at waste dumps. The coal mining waste dumps are spread within the area of over 4,000 ha in more than 220 dumping sites, where over 760 million Mg of wastes from hard coal mining have been disposed. One of the most recent problems in Poland is the recovery of coal from mining waste. There is a possibility and necessity to recover coal from mining waste dumps, which should be linked with appropriate legal regulations. In this paper, distribution and dimensions of coal mining waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and the Lublin Coal Basin are analyzed. Selected problems of negative environmental impacts of coal mining wastes – that may be reduced by the recovery of coal – are presented. Legal regulations referring to the mining waste management are analyzed. Some examples of a successful recovery of coal mining dumps as well as economic feasibility studies are given. The analysis of potential objects, which are the most valuable in terms of recovery processes, is presented. Coal mining waste dumps may be considered as important secondary deposits. Feasibility studies and past experiences in the coal recovery show a need for new recovery sites. Sustainable coal recovery is not only economically but also ecologically justified. The re-using and managing of reclaimed dumping sites for local communities is also of importance.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2014, 40, 3; 285-289
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social perception of hard coal mining in perspective of region’s sustainable development
Autorzy:
Bijańska, J.
Kuzior, A.
Wodarski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/409852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
CSR
coal mining
sustainable development
Opis:
This article presents a pilot study on the local community’s social perception regarding coal mines in Upper Silesia. The research was performed in connection with the smog, which was persistent and harmful to residents during the winter months of 2016. The researchers put forward to the local community the following two survey questions: 1. Is the image of coal mines in the eyes of the local community positive or negative? 2. Are coal mines socially responsible and is coal a good energy source? The aim of this article is to indicate the relationship of the local community to the presence of hard coal mines in the neighbourhood and their social role. Also, this work looks to identify the nuisances perceived by the inhabitants of the examined region about mining enterprises and whether these burdens should result in abandonment of hard coal mining. Pilot studies were conducted with the use of a diagnostic survey. The study was carried out in January 2017 on a sample of 267 people, comprising Silesian University of Technology students residing in Upper Silesia. An environmental survey technique was used. The researchers hypothesise that the image of mining and coal as a fuel for the local community is negative and the mines are not socially responsible enterprises. This research shows that the operation of mines is essential for society and its stability as it affects economic, social and energy safety. A large proportion of the respondents defined the image of mining as positive (108 people), but 76 people indicated that the image was rather negative. Most respondents pointed to the benefits of the mine’s operation. Opinions on social responsibility were divided, and most respondents failed to provide concrete examples of social engagement, so the first hypothesis was partly confirmed. Although the respondents pointed to various nuisances resulting from the mining companies operating in their environment, they also recognised significant social aspects related to employability and access to relatively cheap fuel. However, they do not realise the social involvement of mines, which is one of the conditions of sustainable development. Pilot studies allowed for the initial identification of problems and verification of the research tool utilised in this study.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2018, 3 (26); 178-183
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation and risk factors of roadheaders in coal mines
Autorzy:
Škvareková, Erika
Tomašková, Marianna
Sabadka, Dušan
Šofranko, Marian
Zelenák, Štefan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1836626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
roadheader for coal mining
risk
safety
Opis:
During mechanical disintegration of the rock, for mining works are used also roadheaders. Roadheaders, in comparison with disintegration by blasting operations can without interuption, and works changes with one machine, dissolve, load and at the same time mine disintegrated rock. These electro-hydraulic machines cause no harmful vibrations and are ideal for mining coal and other soft rock minerals. Mechanical mining is safer, protects the rock environment, allows mining without further breaks, allows you to achieve a higher level of daily progress and also saves work. The analysis of occupational accidents in the Slovak Republic shows that it is necessary require from employees increased attention in any work activity and attention in the work performed (mainly work in handling material, objects and burdens). In the underground coal mines further attention needs to be paid to securing hazardous areas, it is necessary to proceed in such a way as to prevent as much as possible the fall of rock as much as possible Underground roads require modification and equipment in accordance with regulations. It is necessary to follow health and safety instructions mentioned in operating and maintenance documentation. Correction of some deficiencies is ordered by a decision of the Mining Office. Most measures are aimed at adhering to technological discipline, to complement operating documentation, to prevent rock falls, to equip some machinery and transport equipment, to work procedures for handling loads, to maintenance of mining works and for explosion and anti-vapor prevention. In this article, we assess the safety risks of two roadheaders for coal mining works in Slovak conditions. Pairwise comparisons of the criteria of selected roadheaders were used to determine the safety risks, as well as taking into account the risks and safety measures according to the mixed methods following to the standard.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2021, 3 (29); 242-250
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of surface changes in the Walbrzych hard coal mining grounds (SW Poland) between 1886 and 2009
Autorzy:
Blachowski, J.
Milczarek, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
coal mining
subsidence
spatial analysis
DEM
Opis:
Underground coal mining causes surface changes such as subsidence and land transformation. The knowledge of the character of subsidence in the past and in the present provides useful information for example for spatial development. In this paper the methodology of determining surface height changes based on cartographic modelling in geographic information system (GIS) is presented. It has been applied to two test areas in a former coal basin in the Walbrzych region (SW Poland) that is characterised by complex geological conditions. In the result of a set of interpolation and map algebra operations surface height changes have been determined and the character of subsidence in a period of over 120 years (1886-2009) has been assessed. These results have been compared with the results of predictions based on the empirical Knothe theory of subsidence calculations using spatial statistics parameters. It has been found that theoretical modelling when applied in areas of complex mining and geological conditions produces lower subsidence values and more uniform subsidence surface than the applied method based on actual elevation data. The calculated surface height changes in the analysed period have been presented graphically and described.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2014, 58, 2; 353--368
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Employment and Remuneration Trends in Polish Hard Coal Mines in the Context of the Relations Between Boards and Trade Unions
Autorzy:
Jonek-Kowalska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
hard coal mining industry in Poland
trade unions
mining enterprise management
productivity and remuneration in hard coal mining in Poland
Opis:
Abstract Purpose – The main purpose of the article is to identify the economic and financial consequences of a lack of cooperation between trade unions and the board in the Polish hard coal mining industry. Design/methodology/approach – The data from 24 hard coal mines were used in research to determine the level of remuneration and total productivity as well as connections between their values in the examined mining enterprises in the years 2005–2012. The Author formulated three research questions: (Q1) Is the increase in employee remuneration in the examined mining enterprises justified by the increase in workforce productivity? (Q2) Does the decrease in employment and excavation in the examined mining enterprises result in remuneration and total cost reduction? (Q3) What is the role of trade unions in determining efficiency in the examined enterprises? Findings – In the examined mining enterprises, trade unions mainly satisfy pay demands of employees as well as members of the board of trade unions in complete isolation from the current market situation and financial results of the examined enterprises. Research limitations/implication – Research results concern not only state-owned Polish mining enterprises but may also provide valuable information about the consequences of excessive privileges of trade unions for other industries. Practical implications – The results should help the union representatives to understand the role of economic priorities in surviving the mining industry in Poland. Research results and conclusions may be used in negotiations with trade unions and in shaping relations between trade unions and the board. Social implications – Research results should also be helpful in understanding the economic consequences of pay demands and absolute protection of workplaces by social stakeholders of mining enterprises. They could help in shaping attitudes of trade unionists in the process of restructuring negotiations. Originality/value – Originality of the research undertaken is connected with a microeconomic view of the examined mining enterprises and treating them as groups of 24 hard coal mines. An important aspect of the considerations conducted is also to present the role of trade unions in shaping remuneration and financial results of the examined mining enterprises. Paper type – Research article.
Źródło:
International Journal of Synergy and Research; 2014, 3
2083-0025
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Synergy and Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Component Emissions as a Precursor of Emerging Hazard in Coal Mines
Autorzy:
Mydlikowski, Remigiusz
Maniak, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
coal mining
electromagnetic field
rock destruction
subsurface geophysics
Opis:
The article presents the results of research concerning electromagnetic (EM) field emitted by rocks during the process of their destruction. The paper describes a measuring stand designed for subjecting rock samples to axial crushing. During the destruction of rock samples, both components of the electromagnetic field emitted by the rock were recorded. The paper presents the results of research on hard coal samples, presenting the obtained time domain waveforms and frequency spectrum of the emitted EM field components. Further potential uses of tests concerned with EM emitted by rocks are determined. Applications registering EM field in mine environments may provide an early mine collapse warnings.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2019, 4; 30-35
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental working conditions versus occupational diseases in the hard coal mining branch
Autorzy:
Biały, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359753.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
hard coal mining
working conditions
hazards
occupational diseases
Opis:
In the article major factors exerting an adverse impact on the comfort of work have been characterised. Mining plants engaged in the process of coal mining and their working conditions have been characterised. Selected examples of hazards influencing the incidence of occupational diseases have been presented. The results of investigations carried out at selected workstations in a mine, both overground and underground, have been presented. Solutions and measures aimed at reducing the existing threats have been proposed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 31 (103); 37-44
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pro-social activities within the csr by the Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA – a Case Study
Działania prospołeczne w ramach CSR Jastrzębskiej Spółki Węglowej – Case Study
Autorzy:
Tobór-Osadnik, Katarzyna
Wyganowska, Małgorzata
Brejdak, Agnieszka
Kowal, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
coal mining
CSR
bee
górnictwo węgla kamiennego
pszczoła
Opis:
Nowadays, companies are facing a number of challenges. In the current era of changes in the structure of energy mixes and "moving away from coal", mining companies are looking for various forms of improving their image in the environment. At the same time, the need to develop the so-called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities prompt the search for various forms of cooperation with the society. !e following article presents activities within the CSR area undertaken by the Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA, which was positively assessed by both the business world and society. As an example, a beekeeping educational center has been created to serve both residents and mining families.
Współczesne przedsiębiorstwa stoją obecnie przed szeregiem wyzwań. W obecnej dobie zmian w strukturze mixów energetycznych oraz “odchodzenia od węgla” przedsiębiorstwa górnicze poszukują różnych form poprawy swojego wizerunku w otoczeniu. Równocześnie potrzeba rozwoju działań CSR (społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu) wpływa na poszukiwanie różnych aktywności współpracy z otoczeniem społecznym. W artykule opisane zostało działanie z obszaru CSR Jastrzębskiej Spółki Węglowej, które uzyskało bardzo pozytywną ocenę, zarówno ze strony świata biznesu, jak i ze strony społecznej. Stworzono pszczelarskie centrum edukacyjne służące mieszkańcom i rodzinom górniczym.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2020, 2, 2; 47-52
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health status and physical fitness of mines rescue brigadesmen
Autorzy:
Tomaskova, Hana
Jirak, Zdenek
Lvoncik, Samuel
Buzga, Marek
Zavadilova, Vladislava
Trlicova, Michaela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-05-07
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
metabolic syndrome
cardiovascular diseases
physical fitness
coal mining
Opis:
Objectives The aim of the study was to assess health status of regular and part-time mines rescue brigadesmen. Material and Methods A group of 685 mines rescue brigadesmen was examined within the preventive testing – a basic internal, biochemistry and anthropometric examination, physical fitness testing. Results The average age of the subjects was 41.96±7.18 years, the average exposure in mining was 20±8.1 years, out of that 11.95±7.85 years as mines rescue brigadesmen. Elevated levels of total serum cholesterol (T-CH) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) were found in over 1/2 of the subjects. Systolic hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg) was confirmed in 34%, overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25) in 62.3% and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) in 20.4% of the examined mines rescue brigadesmen. The metabolic syndrome was found in 15.2% of persons. The highest physical fitness was found in mines rescue brigadesmen and the lowest in mine officers. Limit values of maximum oxygen uptake ($\text{VO}_\text{2 max}$/kg) determined by the management of the mine rescue station were not reached by every 3rd of all mines rescue brigadesmen. Compared with the control group of the Czech and Slovak population, the rescuers are taller, have greater BMI, higher percentage of body fat in all age categories and proportionally to that they achieve a higher maximum minute oxygen uptake; however, in relative values per kg of body weight their physical fitness is practically the same as that of the controls. Conclusions The prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and $\text{VO}_\text{2 max}$/kg in the group of the mines rescue brigadesmen is comparable with that in the general untrained Czech population.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 3; 613-623
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Autonomous Instrumentation for Measuring Spontaneous Electromagnetic Emissions in Mining
Autorzy:
Maniak, Krzysztof
Mydlikowski, Remigiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
coal mining
electromagnetic field
EM receiver
rock destruction
Opis:
This article presents the design of an innovative receiver capable of identifying electric and magnetic components of electromagnetic fields. The receiver senses and records electromagnetic disturbances generated as mine tunnels collapse. It offers excellent operating specification and the ability to sense and log magnetic and electrical component strength values in real time. The paper analyzes the data obtained with the use of a system installed in a working mine and attempts to determine hazards resulting from increased rock stress levels that, cause spontaneous EM emissions.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2020, 4; 98-103
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of suspension and route stabilization on dynamic parameters of self-driven mine suspended monorails
Autorzy:
Szewerda, Kamil
Tokarczyk, Jarosław
Świder, Jerzy
Grodzicka, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
coal mining
safety
suspended monorails
transport
numerical simulations
Opis:
Impact of the method of suspension and route stabilization of suspended monorail on forces loading the roadway roof support system is presented. This is important in the context of possible increasing the speed of monorails during personnel movement. Nature of load and displacement of the route, as well as deceleration of the transport set, with a dynamic excitation - an emergency braking of the transport set, are presented. The results are presented for seven configurations of slings and lashings stabilizing the route. The Head Injury Criterion (HIC), recorded using the Articulated Total Body (HYBRID III) model, during the impact of operator's cabin against an obstacle, is presented in the further part of the article. Analyzes are aimed at developing the guidelines to ensure safety of mining personnel (without exceeding the accepted overloads) and mining infrastructure (without exceeding the maximum accepted load of the roadway support) during operation of the suspended monorail at higher speed. Analyzes are the result of the authors numerical simulations.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2022, 24, 4; 617--628
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soil Productivity Index in the Selected Area of Post-Mining Geomechanical Deformations
Autorzy:
Klatka, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
hard coal mining
soil degradation
soil productivity index
Opis:
Geomechanical and hydrological surface deformation caused by the underground hard coal extraction leads to limited agricultural and natural soil use. The paper presents results of soil productivity indices determined in the area of post-mining subsidence depression near Libiąż. The algorithm of method suggested by Zhengi Hu et al. [1992] was used for the computations. The obtained results of field and laboratory analyses indicate soils degradation due to water logging and a necessity to undertake reclamation measures to restore their previous values. Determined productivity indices (PI) characterise the selected ground as the area with poor conditions for agricultural production. The reason for low PI values is a change in the soil properties because of degradation. The methods presented in the paper may be used to determine the degree of soil degradation in the areas of hard coal mining.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 5; 148-154
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Status and prospects of underground coal mining technology in Vietnam
Stan i perspektywy technologii podziemnego wydobycia węgla w Wietnamie
Autorzy:
Le, Tien Dung
Bui, Xuan‑Nam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
górnictwo podziemne
Wietnam
technologia
underground coal mining
Vietnam
technology
Opis:
Underground coal mining in Vietnam plays an important role to not only the sustainable coal industry but also the energy and social security in this country. Although the Vietnam coal industry has produced 35–45 million tonnes of raw coal per annum in past ten years, a great volume of coal resources remains distributed in complex geo-mining conditions and mostly unmined. This paper presents a brief review of the current and potential technologies for cutting coal and controlling roof in Vietnam underground coal mines. From the review, it is concluded that there is an urgent demand on improvement of current technologies as well as on investigation for effective application of more advanced mining methods into the industry, especially for deep mining at Red River Delta—the largest coal basin in Vietnam.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2019, 21, 2/2; 105-111
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
COAL MINING IN CENTRAL-EAST EUROPE IN PERSPECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL RISK
Autorzy:
Jonek-Kowalska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
post-transition economies
economic and industrial risk
coal mining
Opis:
Research background: Due to increasing economic and sector risk coal mining in Europe is treated as a declining industry. In post-transition economies such approach is a threat for energy security and local and regional economic development. Nowadays, coal mining survival in Central-East Europe is additionally threatened by accumulative global risk factors, especially by price differentiation and shale gas revolution in United States of America. Revealed circumstances require deepen research and diagnosis in the area of risk and corporate management in mining enterprises in Central-East Europe. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the article is to assess industrial risk in coal mining in Central-East Europe. The research is divided into three parts. In the first one the situation of coal mining in Central-East Europe is characterized. It is the basis for selection of the countries for the detailed analysis. In the second part the industrial risk factors are assessed and described. Finally, in the third part their influence on financial results in the examined mining enterprises is evaluated. In the summary the international comparison is made and general assumptions for risk and corporate management are formulated. Methods: In the article a risk checklist is used to identify the economic and industrial risk factors. To determine their influence on financial results on the first stage of research Pear-son’s coefficients are used. Than regression functions are developed. The data are collected on the basis of public statistics and financial statements of the examined mining enterprises. Findings & Value added: On the basis of research results it may be stated that there are only a few countries in Europe in which mining enterprises still operate as separate economic units and all of them have experienced serious financial troubles in the last years. Risk intensification contributed mostly to revenues reduction and negative financial results.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2017, 8, 1; 131-142
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish government policy towards the hard coal mining sector after 2015
Autorzy:
Kamola-Cieślik, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2152171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
energy policy
government decisions
coal mining
energy resources
Polska
Opis:
The article looks at the government’s policy towards the hard coal mining sector in Poland in the years 2015–2021 in the context of the climate policy of the European Union, and the increase in demand for energy resources of the Polish economy. Despite the fact that for several years hard coal mines in Poland have been generating losses, they continue to operate. For political reasons, they could count on government support. Poland’s obligations towards the EU have made the transition from hard coal in the power industry inevitable. The article discusses the assumptions of the government’s mine restructuring plan until 2049. Its implementation depends on the decision of the European Commission on granting public aid to the liquidated mines.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2022, XLVI, 1; 81-99
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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