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Tytuł:
Russian anti-access potential (A2 / AD) on the Crimean Peninsula
Autorzy:
Reśkiewicz, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
Russian Federation
A2/AD
NATO
Opis:
The purpose of the following article is to present the military capabilities of the Russian Federation located on the Crimean peninsula, and to define in this context Russian A2/AD anti-access capabilities and their impact on the security architecture of the Black Sea region, in particular NATO's south-eastern flank.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego; 2020, R. XIV; 269--286
1898-3189
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of Instructions in L1 and L2 in EFL Listening Classes on A2 Level Learners
Autorzy:
Gündüz, Tarkan
Kılıçkaya, Ferit
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Erstsprachengebrauch
L1
Anweisungen geben
Hören
A2-Niveau
EFL
first language use
giving instructions
listening
A2 level
Opis:
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of proving instructions in L2 listening activities on the participants’ performance in the classroom and the participants’ views regarding the use of L1. The study included 48 students in the preparatory classes in the School of Foreign languages, at a state university in Turkey. Through the post-test, only quasi-experimental research design, the participants’ performance was compared in classes with L1 and L2 instructions in the listening activities. The results indicated that the participants in the experimental group scored higher than those in the control group who were exposed to L2 instructions.
Źródło:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature; 2021, 45, 3; 97-107
0137-4699
Pojawia się w:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Adenosine A2a Receptors in Antidepressant Activity in An Experimental Animal Model of Depression
Autorzy:
DZIUBINA, Anna
ZYGMUNT, Małgorzata
FILIPEK, Barbara
SAŁAT, Kinga
BRYŁA, Adrian
LIBROWSKI, Tadeusz
GDULA-ARGASIŃSKA, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej Ośrodek Umea Shinoda-Kuracejo
Tematy:
A2A receptor
Parkinson’s disease
adenosine
antidepressant activity
depression
Opis:
Intensive studies on the role of adenosine A2A receptors in Parkinson’s disease have been carried out for many years,. These studies have indicated that the antagonists of these receptors not only alleviate motor deficits but also exhibit neuroprotective effects in various animal models. Little is known about the role of these receptors in ailments accompanying Parkinson’s disease, such as depression and anxiety. This paper provides a summary of existing research on the role of A2A receptors in comorbid depression in Parkinson’s disease.
Źródło:
Medicina Internacia Revuo; 2017, 28, 109; 228-236
0465-5435
Pojawia się w:
Medicina Internacia Revuo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linkage and interdependence of A2MD1 and A2ME2 alpha2-macroglobulin genes in cattle
Autorzy:
Wegrzyn, J
Skiba, E
Krzyscin, P
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047144.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
antigen marker
gene
animal production
alpha2-macroglobulin
cattle
antigenic determinant
protein
marker
A2MD1 gene
A2ME2 gene
Opis:
The transmission of previously described genes A2MD1 and A2ME2 that determine antigenic markers of alpha₂-macroglobulins A₂mD1 and А₂mЕ2 in cattle was studied. The starting point for the analyses was the lack of individuals negative for both markers in the population of 3551 Black-and-White, Red-and-White, Polish Red and Simmental cattle and interbreed crosses. Controlling of these specificities by allelic genes or genes from closely linked loci was considered. To support or reject this hypothesis, the independence test 2 x 2 and analysis of segregation of A₂mD1 and А₂mЕ2 in the offsprings of all phenotypic matings found and of selected matings in which genotypes of sires were determined, were used. It was found that the observed segregation of antigenic markers in the offsprings rules out the possibility that they are determined by allelic genes. The results obtained show that markers A₂mD1 and А₂mЕ2 are controlled by the genes A2MD1 and A2ME2 from closely linked loci. Moreover it seems that only those haplotypes are transmitted in which both genes - A2MD1 and A2ME2, or one of them - A2MD1 or A2ME2, are present. No haplotypc would then be transmitted (would occur?) in which both genes are in the recessive form. recessive form.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Genetics; 1997, 38, 2; 187-193
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
To what extent are Russian ‘anti-access’ and ‘area-denial’ systems defensive or offensive in character?
Autorzy:
Górecki, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/534412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
Anti-access
Area-denial
A2/AD capabilities
Opis:
In recent years, A2/AD capabilities are one of the top subjects of press and media discussions aimed to examine contemporary European security order as well as the ability of the NATO to conduct collective defence. In this context, Russian A2/AD capabilities are considered as one of the biggest threats for NATO member states in the case of a potential conflict. Trying to answer whether Russian A2/AD systems are defensive or offensive in character, a given answer can be that the systems are both. A reason is that combat systems are not only defensive or offensive in character nowadays. The above mentioned phenomenon of modern, complex combat systems allowed Russia to build up A2/AD capabilities which are recognized as very efficient during defensive operations. On the other hand, the systems provide the ability to carry out offensive operations in accordance with the old rule – attack effectively first and A2/AD bubbles could facilitate it within their range. Moreover, the capabilities are a key element of efforts to reconstruct Russia’s superpower position.
Źródło:
Security Forum; 2017, 1, Volume 1 No. 2/2017; 97-108
2544-1809
Pojawia się w:
Security Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Defense and deterrence as the foundation of the a2/ad system in smart city air defense
Autorzy:
Kopczewski, Marian
Grobelny, Zbigniew
Świętochowski, Norbert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315608.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
cities
smart city
threats
combat
A2/AD system
air defense
miasto
zagrożenia
walka
system A2/AD
obrona powietrzna
Opis:
The extreme concentration of tangible and non-tangible resources in the environment of the Smart City calls for their securing and protection. In the case of threat emergence, the military would have to enter areas where local authorities cannot guarantee the security of Smart City assets. Thus, the question arises whether or not Smart Cities could potentially assist the military forces in performing their tasks better on the battlefield. Some military agencies are currently exploring the possibility of using the military in Smart Cities. For instance, the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is studying whether smart city communications and infrastructure could be of use on the future battlefield. This paper aims to indicate the potential for expansion and integration of the anti-aircraft defense systems to serve the needs of urban defense, thereby allowing the achievement of air superiority and implementing the assumptions of A2/AD systems. In reference to the research objective formulated in such a way, discovering the answers to the following questions was deemed crucial: What is the state of the current Anti-Aircraft Defense (AAD) system of urban centers, in particular Smart Cities? What are the possibilities of expanding and improving this system? How can the SMART CITY system be integrated and serve as an element of strengthening the AAD system? In order to answer the indicated questions, this article was written with the use of qualitative method consisting of text and literature exploratory research and analysis, and comparative analyzes of Smart Cities and Air Defense in contemporary military operations. To achieve the assumed aim, the authors have also conducted the evaluation of Air Defense combat capabilities, as well as the changes that have occurred in the environment of Smart Cities. The authors used thematic analysis methods to interpret patterns and meanings in the data.
Źródło:
Safety & Defense; 2023, 1; 14--23
2450-551X
Pojawia się w:
Safety & Defense
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Hyperbranched Polyester Polymers Using A2+B3 Monomers
Autorzy:
Al-Mutairi, Nabeel Hasan
Al-Zubiedy, Ali
Al-Zuhairi, Ali J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26081324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
hiperrozgałęziony poliester HBP
monomer A2+B3
polycondensation
1H-NMR
GPC
hyperbranched polyester HBP
A2+B3 monomer
Opis:
Compared to linear analogs, hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have gotten much attention in the last decade because of their intrinsic globular topologies and distinctive features like low viscosity, high solubility, and a high degree of functionality. In this work, four types of hyperbranched polyester polymer HBPs have been synthesized using the A2+B3 polycondensation methodology. Firstly, the starting material B3 monomer (Pyrimidine-2,4,6-triol) has been synthesized using urea and malonic acid with the presence of sodium Na as the catalyst for the reaction. Secondly, four types of materials (tartaric acid TA, adipic acid AD, maleic acid MA, and phthalic anhydride PA) as A2 monomers were added to the starting material B3 monomer in an oil bath to prepare the four types of HBP. The chemical structure of HBPs was characterized by FTIR, and 1H-NMR. The molecular weight of the prepared HBPs was characterized by gel permeation chromatography GPC, and thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry DSC and thermal gravimetric analysis TGA. FTIR results showed that there are new bands, such as C-O-C between A2 and B3 monomers, as indicated by 1H-NMR. In addition, GPC shows that the prepared polymers have a narrow molecular weight distribution with good thermal stability, as indicated by DSC and TGA.
Źródło:
Production Engineering Archives; 2023, 29, 1; 28--36
2353-5156
2353-7779
Pojawia się w:
Production Engineering Archives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) types I or III
Autorzy:
Augusciak-Duma, Aleksandra
Witecka, Joanna
Sieron, Aleksander
Janeczko, Magdalena
Pietrzyk, Jacek
Ochman, Karolina
Galicka, Anna
Borszewska-Kornacka, Maria
Pilch, Jacek
Jakubowska-Pietkiewicz, Elzbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
osteogenesis imperfecta
COL1A1
COL1A2
mutation
polymorphism
Opis:
Although over 85% of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) cases are associated with mutations in the procollagen type I genes (COL1A1 or COL1A2), no hot spots for the mutations were associated with particular clinical phenotypes. Eight patients that were studied here, diagnosed with OI by clinical standards, are from the Polish population with no ethnic background indicated. Previously unpublished mutations were found in six out of those eight patients. Genotypes for polymorphisms (Sp1 - rs1800012 and PvuII - rs412777), linked to bone formation and metabolism were determined. Mutations were found in exons 2, 22, 50 and in introns 13 and 51 of the COL1A1 gene. In COL1A2, one mutation was identified in exon 22. Deletion type mutations in COL1A1 that resulted in OI type I had no effect on collagen type I secretion, nor on its intracellular accumulation. Also, a single base substitution in I13 (c.904-9 G>T) was associated with the OI type I. The OI type III was associated with a single base change in I51 of COL1A1, possibly causing an exon skipping. Also, a missense mutation in COL1A2 changing Gly→Cys in the central part of the triple helical domain of the collagen type I molecule caused OI type III. It affected secretion of the heterotrimeric form of procollagen type I. However, no intracellular accumulation of procollagen chains could be detected. Mutation in COL1A2 affected its incorporation into procollagen type I. The results obtained shall help in genetic counseling of OI patients and provide a rational support for making informed, life important decisions by them and their families.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2018, 65, 1; 79-86
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Antiplatelet action of losartan involves TXA2 receptor antagonism but not TXA2 synthase inhibition
Autorzy:
Chlopicki, S.
Koda, M.
Chabielska, E.
Buczko, W.
Gryglewski, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/70180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Fizjologiczne
Tematy:
thromboxane A2
synthase inhibition
imidazole
antiplatelet action
losartan
platelet
Źródło:
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology; 2000, 51, 4,1
0867-5910
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation of phospholipase A2 isoforms in the control of calcium influx into electrically non-excitable cells
Autorzy:
Zabłocki, Krzysztof
Waśniewska, Magdalena
Duszyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
MDCK cells
Jurkat cells
calcium influx
store-operated channels
phospholipase A2
Opis:
The participation of phospholipase A2 isoforms in capacitative store-operated Ca2+ influx into Jurkat leukemic T and MDCK cells was investigated. Preincubation of Jurkat cells with either bromophenacyl bromide (an inhibitor of secreted phospholipase A2, sPLA2) or Helss (an inhibitor of calcium independent phospholipase A2 - iPLA2) resulted in a significant inhibition of the calcium influx. The extent of this inhibition depended on the pH of the extracellular millieu; it increased with alkalisation. The rate of Ca2+ influx into MDCK cells was reduced by bromophenacyl bromide. Preincubation of these cells with Helss resulted in the stimulation of the influx. These observations suggest the participation of different PLA2 isoforms in the regulation of Ca2+ influx. They also show that the extent that PLA2 isoforms control the influx depends on the pH of the medium. Finally, these data indicate that various phospholipase A2 isoforms may play a role in the control of Ca2+ influx in different cell lines.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2000, 47, 3; 591-599
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of satellite data in the quantitative assessment of evapotranspiration in northeastern Poland
Autorzy:
Zaszewski, Daniel
Gruszczyński, Tomasz
Małecki, Jerzy Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060250.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
evapotranspiration
remote sensing
Landsat
SSEBop
MOD16A2
Kurpie Sandur
Polska
Opis:
We describe a method of calculating one of the basic phenomena influenced by groundwater recharge, namely evapotranspiration (ET). The Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) algorithm was applied to calculate actual evapotranspiration (ETa), being modified to include spatiotemporal changes of substrate humidity and so referred to as mSSSEBop. Calculations were performed within the Szkwa and Rozoga River catchments (NE Poland). Quantitative ETa assessment was based on the analysis of Landsat satellite images, hydrometeorological and hydrogeological data. The results obtained for the original SSEBop algorithm and the modified mSSEBop one were compared with the water balance and data from a MOD16A2 dataset. The calculated water balance gave ETa values close to results using mSSEBop (with differences of 9-54 mm/year). In the case of the original algorithm, differences were in range of 42-218 mm/year. When compared with MOD16A2 data, the differences were within the range of -16.7 to 23.2 mm/8 days, with the mSSEBop algorithm giving on average lower ETa sums (~14%) than MOD16A2 while SSEBop gave results higher than MOD16A2 by ~12%. The studies performed indicate that the method presented, using satellite data, gives a reliable, spatial and temporal ETa assessment for the mid latitudes.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2020, 64, 3; 766--780
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Infrastructural company in the development of the Euroregion Bug
Firma infrastrukturalna w rozwoju Euroregionu Bug
Autorzy:
Zakrzewski, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697955.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
transport
road transport
Bug Euroregion
transport cooperation
European integration
international transport corridor No. 2
transport infrastructure
highway A-2
transport drogowy
współpraca transportowa
integracja europejska
międzynarodowy korytarz transportowy nr 2
infrastruktura transportowa
autostrada A-2
Opis:
Przeniesienie granicy celnej UE na linię rzeki Bug i pojawienie się zagranicznych inwesto-rów na wschodzie Polski, na obszarze wpływu europejskiego korytarza transportowego nr II, stworzyły w ostatnich latach nowe możliwości rozwoju tego regionu. W artykule zostały omówione najważniejsze elementy potencjału transportowego Euroregionu Bug. Autor stwierdza, że ze względu na geograficzne położenie w strefie oddziaływania korytarza transportowego nr II, największy potencjał rozwojowy Euroregionu Bug tkwi w jego lokaliza-cji. Choć jest to region transgraniczny, to jego zdolności przewozowe nie są w pełni wyko-rzystane z powodu braku nowoczesnej infrastruktury, w tym centrów logistycznych do obsługi przewozów multimodalnych.
Moving the customs border of the EU on to the line of the Bug river and the appearance of foreign investors in the eastern Poland in the impact area of the Corridor No. II international transport has created new opportunities for development in the recent years. Article recognizes in this respect the essential elements of the transport potential of the Euroregion Bug. Being a cross-border region through which many loads of cargo are transported, it does not use its full transport capacity, which could ensure this border region rapid economic development. Article concludes that due to its favourable geographical location, in the II Pan-European Transport Corridor’s belt of interaction, the greatest transport potential of the Euroregion Bug rests in the localization, in this region, of the modern computerized multi-modal logistical centres.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie; 2017, 43, 2; 78-87
1896-656X
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acquisition and introduction of Leopard 2A4 and 2A5 tanks for and into service in the Polish Armed Forces
Pozyskanie i wdrożenie czołgów Leopard 2A4 i 2A5 do służby w Wojsku Polskim
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29521150.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
Leopard 2A4
Leopard 2A5
technical modernisation
logistics
armoured forces
modernizacja techniczna
logistyka
siły pancerne
Opis:
On the basis of literature on the subject and generally available public information, the author presents the process of acquisition and introduction of Leopard tanks for and into service in the Polish Armed Forces in the first two decades of the 21st century. He verifies the usefulness of this undertaking and at the same time shows, among others, problems related to technical capabilities of the Polish arms industry as well as provision of logistic support; above all, he uses this example to draw attention to the lack of continuity of actions and numerous changes in the plans for technical modernisation of the army in terms of armoured vehicles.
Autor na podstawie literatury przedmiotu oraz ogólnodostępnych informacji o charakterze jawnym przedstawia proces pozyskania i wdrożenia czołgów Leopard do służby w Siłach Zbrojnych RP w pierwszych dwóch dekadach XXI wieku. Weryfikuje celowość tego przedsięwzięcia, ukazując jednocześnie m.in. problemy związane z możliwościami technologicznymi polskiego przemysłu zbrojeniowego, zapewnieniem obsługi logistycznej, a przede wszystkim zwraca uwagę na tym przykładzie na brak ciągłości działań i liczne zmiany planów związanych z modernizacją techniczną armii w zakresie broni pancernej.
Źródło:
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces; 2022, 54, 4(206); 494-507
2544-7122
2545-0719
Pojawia się w:
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of mutations in the p16/ CDKN2A gene in sporadic and familial melanoma in the Polish population.
Autorzy:
Lamperska, Katarzyna
Karczewska, Aldona
Kwiatkowska, Eliza
Mackiewicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1043764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
familial melanoma
melanoma
mutations
CDKN2A
Opis:
Mutations in CDKN2A have been found in sporadic cutaneous malignant (CMM), in familial CMM and in other syndromes associated with melanoma. In this study DNA was obtained from 207 individuals and five cell lines. There were 157 CMM patients and 50 healthy members of melanoma patients families. The CMM group included patients with one or two melanoma cases in the family, families with dysplastic nevus syndrom (DNS) and patients with a spectrum of other types of cancers in the family. PCR-SSCP analysis and sequencing identified: six substitutions in codon 58 CGA/TGA (Arg/Stop), 16 substitutions GAC/GAT in codon 84 (Asp/Asp), six substitutions CGA /TGA in codon 148 (Arg/Thr), 14 substitutions G/C in 3'UTR and 4 double changes (two in codon 84 and 3'UTR; two in codon 148 and 3'UTR). The mutation identified in codon 58 was found in tissue only. Other substitutions were polymorphisms found in DNA from tissue and blood samples. Most of them were identified in sporadic CMM (six in codon 148 Ala /Thr, 12 in codon 84 Asp/Asp and six in 3'UTR). The frequency of the polymorphisms was also high in DNS and CMM/DNS families (four in codon 84 Asp/Asp and six in 3'UTR). No mutations or polymorphisms were found in CMM patients with one or two melanoma cases and CMM patients, with other cancers in family history. The analysis of the CDKN2A gene mutations in the Polish population demonstrated: (i) no germline mutations; (ii) a relatively high number of genetic changes in sporadic melanoma; (iii) a high number of polymorphisms in DNS and CMM/DNS families.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2002, 49, 2; 369-376
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of inner ear potassium recycling genes as potential factors associated with tinnitus
Autorzy:
Pawełczyk, Małgorzata
Rajkowska, Elżbieta
Kotyło, Piotr
Dudarewicz, Adam
Van Camp, Guy
Śliwińska-Kowalska, Mariola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2180007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-09-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
KCNE1
noise-induced hearing loss
potassium recycling pathway genes
SLC12A2
tinnitus
Opis:
Tinnitus is defi ned as a perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus. Several factors are known to infl uence tinnitus, e.g. hearing loss, noise exposure, age, and hypertension. As only certain individuals develop tinnitus in the presence of the above risks and in approximately 50% of cases tinnitus is not attributed to any particular cause, the question arose whether this inter-individual susceptibility to tinnitus could be explained by the infl uence of genetic factors. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that genetic variability in genes of the potassium recycling pathway is associated with increased susceptibility to tinnitus. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 626 subjects exposed to occupational noise (128 with tinnitus and 498 without tinnitus). 99 single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated in 10 genes involved in the potassium recycling pathway in the inner ear, previously selected as putative noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) candidate genes. Results: Nominally signifi cant associations were obtained for 2 variants in KCNE1 (potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 1) and SLC12A2 (solute carrier family 12, member 2) genes. The first gene contributed to tinnitus that developed independently of hearing loss, while the second one was associated with increased susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. Conclusions: Present fi ndings lend support to the notion of potassium recycling pathway genes as possible risk modifi ers of tinnitus in individuals with and without hearing loss. Due to the lack of replication in other independent populations these results should be seen as suggestive.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2012, 25, 4; 356-364
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 95

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