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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    The Roots of Confrontation: Energy Aspect of Hybrid Warfare
    Autorzy:
    Magda, Yevhen
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519732.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
    Tematy:
    hybrid warfare
    “energy weapon”
    gas wars
    Opis:
    The article deals with the problem of usage of “energy weapon” in hybrid war. The author makes retrospective review of “energy weapon” usage by Russia against Ukraine. Author shows the historical roots of confrontation, starting from the revolutionary times (1917–1921).
    Źródło:
    Historia i Polityka; 2018, 26 (33); 63-71
    1899-5160
    2391-7652
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Polityka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ENERGY CONFRONTATION OF UKRAINE AND RUSSIA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF HYBRID WAR
    Autorzy:
    Magda, Yevhen
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643058.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
    Tematy:
    hybrid warfare
    “energy weapon”
    gas wars
    Russian energy doctrine
    diversification
    Opis:
    The specific use of the “energy weapon” in the hybrid war is being analyzed. The author highlights the historical retrospective use of the “energy weapon” in general and against Ukraine in particular. Now the energy component of hybrid war is the second in importance and power after the information component. The main political task of the gas conflict between Moscow and Kyiv, which was inspired by the Kremlin, was to demonstrate the inability of Ukraine as a transit partner and to damage the reputation of our country as a reliable transit, geoeconomic and geopolitical partner of the European Union. During the gas conflict Russia tried to position itself as an influential geopolitical player to preserve Ukraine in its sphere of political influence. By blackmail and promises to keep “special conditions” in the price formation Kremlin sought to protect its geopolitical interests in Ukraine. Upon solving the gas conflict, Moscow has tried to block the implementation of the provisions of the Charter on Strategic Partnership between Ukraine and the United States on modernization. The “gas weapon” was used for the first time during the winter of 2005–2006. The first gas war demonstrated the vulnerability of Ukraine and European consumers, and demonstrated how effective and promising may be the further use of energy weapons.Gas weapons are used on several different fronts. First, Russia claims Ukraine is not trustworthy as a transit country for gas as it will act firstly to protect its own interests. In other words, Gazprom offers Europe a choice – or they, European consumers and voters, suffer or Ukraine does. Second, Russian specialists are ready at the first opportunity to accuse Ukraine of unsanctioned gas use, thereby justifying a reduction in supply to Europe. Third, Gazprom intends to prevent establishing reserve gas supplies in Ukraine. Fourth, Russia views Ukrainian gas debts as a source of financial income particularly necessary today.The purpose of the use of gas weapons is the implementation of a direct impact on the economy of the state, in this case – causing economic losses of Ukraine, with long lasting effects.
    Źródło:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2015, 1 (7)
    2299-4335
    Pojawia się w:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An assessment of energy expenditure of soldiers serving in the Polish chemical units, performing training tasks in 2 types of personal chemical protective clothing – comparative studies
    Autorzy:
    Bertrandt, Jerzy
    Kłos, Anna
    Łakomy, Roman
    Bertrandt, Bartosz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161950.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-16
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    chemical troops
    chemical weapon
    chemical and personal protective clothing
    defense against CBRN hazards
    NBC protection
    energy expenditure
    Opis:
    Objectives Individual protection against contamination is the kind of protection provided to persons in an environment contaminated with radioactive substances, and war toxic or biological agents, including the use of gas masks, and insulating or filtration skin protection agents. The aim of this work was to perform a comparative assessment of energy expenditure of chemical troop soldiers wearing L-2 insulating personal protective clothes (PPC) and FOO-1 filter-sorptive PPC during training in the training ground conditions. Surveys on the subjective assessment of comfort related to using the L-2 and FOO-1 PPC were carried out as well. Material and Methods A total of 29 men doing the same training tasks, wearing the L-2 PPC and FOO-1 filter-sorptive protective clothing with an MP-5 filter gas mask, underwent the examination. Measurements of energy expenditure values were done based on the frequency of heart contractions, recorded by the Polar Sport Tester 810 heart rate monitor. Results It was found that an average energy expenditure of soldiers, resulting from performing training tasks, was lower among the subjects wearing the FOO- 1 filter-sorptive PPC, compared to the energy load of the ones using the L-2 PPC. Conclusions According to Christensen’s classification of work severity, the average energy expenditure makes it possible to qualify works performed by soldiers using both types of PPC to moderate work. In the opinion of the examined soldiers serving in the chemical troops, the FOO-1 filter-sorptive PPC increases the sense of security while on a threatened ground. The FOO-1 filter-sorptive PPC is assessed by chemical troop soldiers as better because it hinders tasks fulfillment to a lesser extent. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(5):645–52
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2019, 32, 5; 645-652
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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