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Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
Tytuł:
The impact of the light exposure on the morphological properties of selected photoresists
Autorzy:
Sikora, Andrzej
Janus, Paweł
Sierakowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
photolitography
polymer degradation
atomic force microscopy
Opis:
In this paper we present the investigation aimed at the photoresist roughness change determination as a reliable estimator of the exposition rate in the processing verification in semiconductor industry. By employing atomic force microscopy as the 3D high resolution surface imaging tool, we tested twelve popular photoresists in terms of the morphological properties changes, while the following radiation doses were applied. Basing on high precision, and repetitive sample positioning, it was possible to perform the tests with high degree of confidence and observe the roughness change dynamics. Various profiles of roughness changes were observed, showing the need for individual study of each material. Moreover, it was possible to select the photoresists which due to poor homogeneity and small roughness changes are not suitable to such a verification. According to our knowledge, no such study was performed so far.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2019, 49, 1; 177-185
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forecasts of Production, Consumption, and the Trade Balance of Primary Energy and Fuels in the USA
Prognozy wydobycia, konsumpcji i salda wymiany energii pierwotnej oraz paliw w USA i Kanadzie
Autorzy:
Olkuski, Tadeusz
Sikora, Andrzej
Sikora, Mateusz Piotr
Szurlej, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/319341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
prognozy
wydobycie
zużycie
energia pierwotna
paliwa wtórne
forecasts
production
consumption
primary energy
secondary fuels
Opis:
The article analyzes various forecasts of production, consumption, and the trade balance of primary energy and secondary fuels first of all in the United States and partly in Canada. The combined analysis of the US in Canadian economies is well-founded as these economies are closely related. However, the main emphasis was on US economy. The analysis covers different scenarios of fuel and energy demand, including the currently implemented baseline scenario, the new policies scenario, assuming that countries comply with the emission limits set at the COP21 in Paris, and the environmental scenario, the strictest from the point of view of environmental protection, aimed at restricting global warming to less than 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures. The analyzed values are different for different scenarios, as shown in the figures. Most attention was paid to fossil fuels, that is, oil, natural gas, bituminous coal, and lignite. The forecasts of production, consumption, and import of individual carriers are presented. It was shown that the United States policy places greatest emphasis on the energy security and self-sufficiency. As of today, the United States is one of the most hydrocarbon-rich countries, while low electricity prices are the reason why American products are competitive compared to products from the European Union and China. Reducing the use of coal in the U.S. economy in favor of renewable energy sources will result in an oversupply of this raw material in the international markets, which, in turn, will lead to a decrease in prices. The increasing production of oil and gas will have a similar effect.
W artykule przeprowadzono analizę różnych prognoz wydobycia, konsumpcji i salda wymiany energii pierwotnej oraz paliw wtórnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych oraz częściowo w Kanadzie. Analiza łączna gospodarek Stanów Zjednoczonych i Kanady jest jak najbardziej uzasadniona, gdyż gospodarki te są ze sobą ściśle powiązane. Analiza obejmuje różne scenariusze zapotrzebowania na paliwa i energię, od scenariusza bazowego realizowanego do tej pory, poprzez scenariusz nowych polityk zakładający, że kraje stosują się do ustalonych na szczeblu krajowym pułapów emisji, zadeklarowanych po COP21 w Paryżu, aż do scenariusza ekologicznego, najbardziej restrykcyjnego pod względem ochrony środowiska i zakładającego nie przekraczanie temperatury na Ziemi o więcej 2°C w stosunku do ery przedindustrialnej. Oczywiście w każdym ze scenariuszy analizowane wielkości są różne co przedstawiono na rysunkach. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono surowcom kopalnym, czyli ropie naftowej, gazowi ziemnemu i węglowi zarówno kamiennemu jak i brunatnemu. Przedstawiono prognozy wydobycia, zużycia, a także importu poszczególnych nośników. Pokazano, że amerykańska polityka ogromny nacisk kładzie na bezpieczeństwo energetyczne i samowystarczalność energetyczną. Stany Zjednoczone to dzisiaj jeden z najbardziej zasobnych w węglowodory krajów, a niskie ceny energii sprawiają, że amerykańskie produkty są konkurencyjne w stosunku do produktów z Unii Europejskiej a nawet Chin. Ograniczanie wykorzystywania węgla w gospodarce amerykańskiej na rzecz odnawialnych źródeł energii spowoduje pojawienie się większych ilości tego surowca na rynkach międzynarodowych, co doprowadzi do spadku cen. Również wzrastająca produkcja ropy naftowej i gazu będzie miała podobny skutek.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2019, 21, 1/2; 327-334
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A low-cost system for supporting drivers in traffic jams
Autorzy:
Hołubowski, Waldemar
Frankiewicz, Ryszard
Kusiński, Sławomir
Sikora, Andrzej
Zielonka, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
IoT
distance sensor
low cost system
czujnik odległości
system niskokosztowy
Opis:
Cases of heavy traffic congestion (commonly referred to as traffic jams) have negative influences on the economy, public health, and social life. This makes it important to assist drivers in these situations with Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The aim of this article is to present a low-cost device that supports driving in traffic jams. The system, which is based on data from a laser sensor with a range of up to 40 m, controls the distances to vehicles in front of and behind a moving car. Through audio and video signals, it warns the driver whether the vehicle in front of or behind the equipped vehicle is too close. This allows the driver to control the distance and avoid minor collisions.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2023, 18, 1; 103--115
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Molecular probes for detection of wheat chromosomal fragments in rye.
Autorzy:
Rafalski, Andrzej
Wiśniewska, Iwona
Sikora, Teresa
Łapiński, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
introgression
PCR
rye
Southern blotting
Triticum durum probe
wheat
wheat specific probes
Opis:
Twelve DNA fragments amplified on templates of Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides and Aegilops squarrosa were separated, reamplified and used as digoxigenin-labelled probes. The species and genome specificity of probes was evaluated by Southern dot-blot hybridisation to Triticum durum, the donors of wheat genomes, rye and rye with introgressed wheat chromosome fragments. In comparison to labelled genomic DNA of T. durum, the probes obtained by labelling PCR-amplified fragments exhibited higher specificity to wheat genomes. Under the applied hybridisation conditions all probes showed different degree of cross-hybridisation to rye DNA. Some probes indicated quantitative difference in their specificity to wheat genomes, but generally the intensity of hybridisation to the genomes A, S and D was independent of the origin of an amplified fragment. Selected probes, used in dot-blot hybridisation system together with genomic DNA of T. durum, may increase the sensitivity of screening wheat chromosomal fragments introgressed to rye.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2000, 44; 27-37
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Meteorological and biometeorological conditions in the Hornsund area (Spitsbergen) during the warm season
Autorzy:
Araźny, Andrzej
Migała, Krzysztof
Sikora, Sebastian
Budzik, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Arctic
South Spitsbergen
meteorology
biometeorology
atmospheric circulation
Źródło:
Polish Polar Research; 2010, 3; 217-238
0138-0338
2081-8262
Pojawia się w:
Polish Polar Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linguistic and Cultural Aspects of Specialised Translation. A textbook for Students of Business English
Autorzy:
Łyda, Andrzej
Sikora, Iwona
Wiśniowska, Marta
Zasempa, Marek
Walczyński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/25423448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-24
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Opis:
Linguistic and Cultural Aspects of Specialised Translation. A Textbook for the Students of Business English is a practical course in translation from English to Polish and from Polish to English. It has grown out of a need to run a course of specialised translation for students of Business English at Częstochowa University of Technology. However, even if this textbook is aimed at this particular group of language and translation students, we believe that this volume has lot to offer to students of translation in other fields. We base our belief in the usefulness of this volume to any translation student on the fact that the primary focus of all chapters is on the question of the language – culture relationship. This relationship is uniquely represented by each individual language and difficult to reproduce in any other language. In other words, this textbook is about translation of culture and culture-bound terms, which poses a perennial problem of translators in all areas of their activity. This volume consists of twelve chapters and has been designed to fit into a standard Polish academic timetable lasting one semester. Some chapters may require more than 90 minutes of seminar time; others are likely to take less time. Generally, the structure of most chapters follows the same pattern. After an exposition of a translational problem, there comes a practice section, in which students are asked to solve the problem. Although each chapter is accompanied with a key, not every exercise is answered; some exercises allow individual students more freedom to provide a solution and others serve as a material for an in-class discussion. The examples used in the book cover a wide range of topics ranging from business proper to film studies, and are tuned to suit the level of beginner translation students.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Książka
Tytuł:
STUDIES TOWARDS HEMOCOMPATIBILITY OF POLYAMINE CONJUGATES WITH BICYCLIC SYSTEMS
Autorzy:
Szumilak, Marta
Markowicz-Piasecka, Magdalena
Mikiciuk-Olasik, Elzbieta
Stanczak, Andrzej
Sikora, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-31
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
coagulation
biocompatibility
fibrinolysis
erythrotoxicity
polyamine conjugates
Opis:
Assessing hemocompatibility of anticancer drug candidate is very important task due to the fact that coagulation disorders are often correlated with malignancy or induced by chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of some polyamine conjugates with bicyclic systems on the process of coagulation and fibrinolysis. In addition their effect on the healthy human erythrocytes (RBCs) was assessed. Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Tromboplastin Time (APTT), clot formation and lysis test (CL-test) were performed to evaluate the influence of some polyamine conjugates on plasma hemostasis. The effects of tested compounds on RBCs were assessed using hemolysis assays and microscopy studies. APTT and PT examination revealed that all tested compounds apart from the highest concentrations of compounds 3 and 5 did not exert significant effects on intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Despite their substantial influence on the kinetic parameters of the process of clot formation and fibrinolysis, the examined compounds, over the entire concentration range, did not alter the overall potential of clot formation and lysis (CLAUC) suggesting that they might be regarded as biocompatible concerning plasma hemostasis. At potential therapeutic concentrations (constituting IC50 value for MCF-7 cells) tested polyamine conjugates showed no adverse effects on the membranes of RBCs. Promising antiproliferative activity of representative polyamine conjugates together with their hemocompatibility make them good anticancer drug candidates for further preclinical evaluation.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2018, 75, 4; 861-874
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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