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    Tytuł:
    ESTIMATING INEQUALITY AVERSION FROM SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS OF THE JUST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCES IN WELFARE
    Autorzy:
    Kot, Stanislaw Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    inequality
    aversion
    income
    utility estimation
    Opis:
    Research background: In Economics, the concept of inequality aversion corresponds with the concept of risk aversion in the literature on making decision under uncertainty. The risk aversion is estimated on the basis of subjective reactions of people to various lottery prospects. In Economics, however, an efficient method of estimating inequality aversion has not been developed yet. Purpose of the article: The main aim of this paper is to develop the method of estimating inequality aversion. Methods: The method is based on two income thresholds which are subjectively assessed by surveyed respondents. Given the level of household income, just noticeable worsening of household welfare is perceived below the first threshold, whereas just noticeable improvement of household welfare is perceived above the second threshold. The thresholds make possible effective calculations of the parameter of the Arrow-Pratt’s constant inequality aversion utility function. In this way, an individual utility of income becomes an empirically observable economic phenomenon. Findings & Value added: In this paper, two theorems are proved which provide the guidance on how to identify a proper version of the above function. The proposed method is tested on the basis of statistical data from the archival survey conducted among Polish households in 1999. The statistical analysis of those data reveals the appearance of convex utility functions as well as concave ones. Nevertheless, the prevailing part of the Polish society exhibited inequality aversion in the year 1999. Another result of this paper is that inequality aversion diminishes as income increases.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2017, 12, 1; 123-146
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    STOCHASTIC EQUIVALENCE SCALES IN LOG-NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF EXPENDITURES
    Autorzy:
    Kot, Stanisław Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453519.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
    Tematy:
    equivalence scales expenditure distributions
    log-normal distribution
    Opis:
    In the paper, the properties of the stochastic equivalence scales (SES) are analysed when expenditure distributions are log-normal. The SES provides the equivalent distribution of expenditures when the population of households is heterogeneous with respect to such attributes as household size, demographic composition, etc. For log-normal expenditure distributions, the non-parametric SES deflators are proportional to the ration of geometric means in compared distributions. The statistical analysis of expenditure distributions for Poland in the years 2005-2010 shows that these deflators perform quite well.
    Źródło:
    Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2013, 14, 1; 276-282
    2082-792X
    Pojawia się w:
    Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Equivalence scales for continuous distributions of expenditure
    Autorzy:
    Kot, Stanisław Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443103.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    equivalence scale
    lognormal distribution
    inequality aversion
    subjective welfare
    Opis:
    Research background: In the actual sizable populations of households, the standard microeconomic concept of equivalence scales is intractable since its necessary condition of equality of household welfare levels is unlikely to be fulfilled. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to develop a concept of an equivalence scale, which can be suitable for continuous distributions of expenditures in the population. Methods: Using household welfare intervals, we get the random equivalence scale (RES) as the ratio of expenditure distributions of the compared populations of households. Findings & value added: We derive the parametric distribution of RES for the lognormal distributions of expenditures. The truncated distribution of RES is applied to account for possible economies of scale in the household size. A society?s inequality aversion can be helpful when selecting a single equivalence scale. We estimate RES for Poland using microdata on expenditures and subjective assessments of household welfare intervals. The estimated equivalence scales turned out to be very flat and dependent on welfare.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2023, 18, 1; 185-219
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimating the parameter of inequality aversion on the basis of a parametric distribution of incomes
    Autorzy:
    Kot, Stanislaw Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444415.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    income inequality
    inequality aversion
    estimation
    income distribution
    Opis:
    Research background: In applied welfare economics, the constant relative inequality aversion function is routinely used as the model of a social decisionmaker?s or a society?s preferences over income distributions. This function is entirely determined by the parameter, ?, of inequality aversion. However, there is no authoritative answer to the question of what the range of ? an analyst should select for empirical work. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is elaborating the method of deriving ? from a parametric distribution of disposable incomes. Methods: We assume that households? disposable incomes obey the generalised beta distribution of the second kind GB2(a,b,p,q). We have proved that, under this assumption, the social welfare function exists if and only if ? belongs to (0,ap+1) interval. The midpoint ?mid of this interval specifies the inequality aversion of the median social-decisionmaker. Findings & Value added: The maximum likelihood estimator of ?mid has been developed. Inequality aversion for Poland 1998?2015 has been estimated. If inequality is calculated on the basis of disposable incomes, the standard inequality?development relationship might be complemented by inequality aversion. The ?augmented? inequality?development relationship reveals new phenomena; for instance, the stage of economic development might matter when assessing the impact of inequality aversion on income inequality.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2020, 15, 3; 391-417
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Equivalence Scales Based on Stochastic Indifference Criterion: The Case of Poland
    Skale ekwiwalentności bazujące na kryterium stochastycznej indyferencji: przypadek Polski
    Autorzy:
    Kot, Stanislaw Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364887.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    equivalence scale
    stochastic indifference
    estimation
    expenditure distribution
    skale ekwiwalentności
    stochastyczna indyferencja
    estymacja
    rozkład wydatków
    Opis:
    The paper presents the concept of the stochastic equivalence scale (SES), which is based on the stochastic indifference criterion. The SES is any function that transforms the expenditure distribution of a specific group of households in such a way that the resulting distribution is stochastically indifferent from the expenditure distribution of a reference group of households. The stochastic indifference criteria are also used in developing the method of the estimation of the SES. Non-parametric and parametric SESs are estimated using the Polish Household Budget Survey for the years 2005–2010.
    Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję stochastycznych skal ekwiwalentności (SES), która bazuje na kryterium stochastycznej indyferencji. SES jest dowolną funkcją, która transformuje rozkład wydatków określonej grupy gospodarstw domowych w taki sposób, że wynikowy rozkład jest stochastycznie indyferentny wobec rozkładu wydatków grupy gospodarstw odniesienia. Kryterium stochastycznej indyferencji jest także wykorzystane dla opracowania metody estymacji SES. Oszacowano nieparametryczne i parametryczne SES na podstawie Polskich Budżetów Gospodarstw Domowych za lata 2005–2010.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Statystyczny; 2015, 62, 3; 263-280
    0033-2372
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Statystyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The atlas of inequality aversion: theory and empirical evidence on 55 countries from the Luxembourg Income Study database
    Autorzy:
    Kot, Stanisław Maciej
    Paradowski, Piotr R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443170.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    inequality aversion
    Atkinson Index
    income distribution
    inequality
    utility function
    Opis:
    Research background: In the distributive analysis, the constant relative inequality aversion utility function is a standard tool for ethical judgements of income distributions. The sole parameter ? of this function expresses a society?s aversion to inequality. However, the profession has not committed to the range of ?. When assessing inequality and other welfare characteristics, analysts assume an arbitrary level of ?, common to all countries and years. This assumption seems unjustified. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to estimate the parameter ? for each country and year individually using datasets from the Luxembourg Income Study Database in all available years, which dates back to the 1970s. Methods: We utilise the method of estimating ?, which assumes the generalised beta of the second kind distribution of incomes. The estimator of ? is derived from the mathematical condition of the existence of the social welfare function.  Findings & value added: We have elaborated an ?atlas? of  388 estimates of ? for 55 countries across time. Inequality aversion is country-year specific, with a minimum of 0.97 and a maximum of 3.8. Ninety per cent of all estimates are less than 2.5. Inequality aversion is negatively correlated with income inequality, but it is independent of economic development. Thus, inequality aversion appears as an additional dimension of the classical inequality-development relationship. This article contributes to solving a fundamental problem of Welfare Economics: directly measuring the social utility of income (welfare) function. The estimates of ? for 55 countries imply a complete knowledge of these countries' constant relative inequality aversion utility functions.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 2; 261-316
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Influence of Splenectomy Performed Simultaneously with Gastrectomy on Postoperative Complications in Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Surgery with the Intention to Treat
    Autorzy:
    Głuszek, Stanisław
    Kot, Marta
    Kuchinka, Jakub
    Matykiewicz, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395800.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-07-01
    Wydawca:
    Index Copernicus International
    Tematy:
    splenectomy
    gastrectomy
    surgical complications
    general complications
    gastric cancer
    Opis:
    Despite the growing understanding of the pathophysiological processes in the perioperative period and significant advancements in surgical techniques, operative treatment for gastric cancer remains a challenge for surgeons, especially because the primary procedure of total or nearly total gastrectomy must at times be extended by the resection of other organs. The aim of the study was to asses the influence of concomitant splenectomy in patients undergoing curative surgery for gastric cancer on postoperative complications. Material and methods. The study population consisted of 258 patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer with the intention to treat. The study assessed the influence of extending the surgical intervention by splenectomy on postoperative complications, both general and surgical, including the most severe of these, i.e. oesophago-gastric anastomotic leakage, duodenal stump leakage and peritoneal fluid infections. Results. Among the 258 gastric cancer patients receiving curative surgical treatment, the most common simultaneous intervention was splenectomy: 42/258 (16.3%), which was also accompanied by partial pancreatectomy in 8 cases. The number of surgical postoperative complications, major and minor, was similar in both subgroups: with and without splenectomy. Minor general complications, such as pyrexia with no clinically apparent reason, atelectasis, pneumonia and pleural effusion were statistically significantly more common in the subgroup with splenectomy (p=0.0001). Conclusion. Splenectomy performed concomitantly with gastrectomy for gastric cancer increases the risk of minor general complications. However, it does not increase the risk of severe surgical complications, such as oesophago-intestinal anastomotic leakage and does not increase the risk of death
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Surgery; 2014, 86, 7; 312-318
    0032-373X
    2299-2847
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Surgery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Severe vascular complications of acute pancreatiti
    Autorzy:
    Głuszek, Stanisław
    Nawacki, Łukasz
    Matykiewicz, Jarosław
    Kot, Marta
    Kuchinka, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1394278.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Index Copernicus International
    Tematy:
    Acute pancreatitis
    complications
    bleeding into the pancreatic tumour
    Opis:
    Acute pancreatitis (AP) develops as a result of the imbalance of the mechanisms inhibiting the activity of enzymes in the pancreatic cells, which causes their autoactivation in the pancreas. The incidence of AP ranges from 10 up to 100 cases per 100,000 population per year in different parts of the world. The overall mortality rate for acute pancreatitis is 10- 15%. The mortality rate in patients diagnosed with the severe form of acute pancreatitis is up to 30- 40%. Material and methods. The study included 10 patients treated due to acute pancreatitis in two surgical departments run by one of the authors (S.G.) in the years 2004-2014, who developed a serious complication in the form of haemorrhage into the inflammatory tumour/pancreatic cyst or an adjacent organ. Haemorrhage was diagnosed based on the clinical picture, most often a sudden drop in blood pressure, peritonitis symptoms and imaging findings – abdominal ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography. Therapeutic methods included conservative treatment, endovascular embolisation and, in the absence of efficacy of the above mentioned methods, surgical treatment. Patients age and gender, the etiological factor, comorbidities, Atlanta Classification, treatment outcomes and mortality rate were assessed. Results. Alcohol was the most common etiological factor in the investigated AP cases. The patients received conservative treatment, interventional radiology treatment (endovascular embolisation) or surgical treatment. In the study group, 6 patients required surgical treatment, 3 patients received invasive radiology treatment, and conservative treatment was used in one patient. The mortality rate in the study group was 30%. Conclusions. Haemorrhages into the inflammatory cisterns or adjacent organs (stomach, transverse colon mesentery) secondary to AP are the most severe complications, which are difficult to manage. The successful use of interventional radiology methods to inhibit and prevent the recurrence of bleeding in some of the patients is a significant milestone.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Surgery; 2015, 87, 10; 485-490
    0032-373X
    2299-2847
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Surgery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fournier gangrene – a challenge for the surgeon
    Autorzy:
    Kuchinka, Jakub
    Matykiewicz, Jarosław
    Wawrzycka, Iwona
    Kot, Marta
    Karcz, Włodzimierz
    Głuszek, Stanisław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1391522.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Index Copernicus International
    Tematy:
    Fourniere gangrene
    hyperbaric oxygen treatment
    early surgical approach
    Opis:
    Introduction. Fournier gangrene (FG) is life - threatening condition, defined as the necrotizing fascitis of perineum and can spread to the adjacent areas. It is rare disease and infection is caused by mixed bacterial flora, seldom by fungal infection. Risk factors are: male sex, diabetes, hypertension, malignant neoplasms, alcoholism, immunospression. Material and methods. The analysis of four group patients treateted for Fournier gangrene was made about diagnostic and therapeutic process, assessment of prognosis based on Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index). Results. All patients were males. Average age at the moment of diagnosis was 60 years. All of them had comorbidities resulting with the higher risk of susceptibility to FG. Morbitity was 50%, despite of all of patients had less than 9 points in FGSI. Discussion. The FG, despite of better diagnostic tools and technological progres remaines the significant clinical issue because of the mortality - 80%. „The golden standard” is surgical excision of necrotic tissues, antibiotics support, equation of fluid, electrolytes and base – acid balance, level of glycemia is very important. The treating results were assessed on the base of FGSI. The significance has the moment of performing the surgical intervention – it is proven, that should be carried out during 24 hours. The hyperbaric oxygen therapy is controversial. Seem to be appropriate if the infection is caused by anaerobic bacteria. Conclusions. Fournier syndrome is significant clinical issue. Its treatment requires early surgical approach with exicision of necrotic tissues, antibiotics support and treatment of hyperbaric oxygen in some cases.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Surgery; 2021, 93, 1; 55-60
    0032-373X
    2299-2847
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Surgery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Iatrogenic bile duct injuries – clinical problems
    Autorzy:
    Głuszek, Stanisław
    Kot, Marta
    Bałchanowski, Norbert
    Matykiewicz, Jarosław
    Kuchinka, Jakub
    Kozieł, Dorota
    Wawrzycka, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395690.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Index Copernicus International
    Tematy:
    laparoscopic surgery
    cholecystectomy
    iatrogenic bile duct injury
    Opis:
    Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in surgical wards. Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (IBDI) incurred during the procedures are among postoperative complications that are most difficult to treat. The risk of bile duct injury is 0.2-0.4%, and their consequences are unpleasant both for the surgeon and for the patient. The aim of the study was analysis of iatrogenic bile duct injuries and methods of their repair,taking into consideration the circumstances, under which the injuries occur. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 16 patients who had suffered IBDI during surgery. The analysed parameters included sex, age, indications for surgery, the setting of the surgical procedure and the type of bile duct injury. Additionally, the time of injury diagnosis, type of repair and treatment outcome were assessed. The IBDI analysis used the EAES classification of injuries. The time of IBDI repair was defined as immediate, early or late,depending on the time that had passed from the injury. The analysis included complications seen after bile duct repair. Results. The study group consisted of 10 women and 6 men, aged 29-84. Patients underwent 6 classic cholecystectomies, 8 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, one gastrotomy to remove oesophageal prosthesis and one laparotomy due to peptic ulcer. IBDI was diagnosed intraoperatively in 4 patients. In 12 patients IBDI was diagnosed within 1-7 days. The diagnosis was based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the results of biochemistry tests. According to the EAES classification, the injuries were of type 1 (4 patients), type 2 (8 patients), type 5 (3 patients) and type 6 (1 patients). Reconstruction procedures were performed during the same anaesthesia session in 3 patients, and in the early period in 13 patients. The main procedure was Roux-en-Y anastomosis (12 patients), with the remaining including bile-duct suturing over a T-tube (3 patients) and underpinning of an accessory bile duct in the pocket left after gallbladder removal (1 patient). The most common reconstruction complications included bile leak (3 patients), recurrent cholangitis (3 patients) and bile duct stricture (2 patients). Mortality in the study group was 12.5%. Conclusions. The procedures of laparoscopic and classic cholecystectomy are associated with a risk of IBDI, especially in the presence of inflammatory state of the gall-bladder. IBDI is a complex complication: its treatment poses a challenge for the operating surgeon, and even the most careful treatment adversely affects the patient’s lifedue to complications.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Surgery; 2014, 86, 1; 17-25
    0032-373X
    2299-2847
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Surgery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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