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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 2984
Tytuł:
Generalized almost periodic functions
Autorzy:
McCoy, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/725991.pdf
Data publikacji:
1970
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Źródło:
Colloquium Mathematicum; 1970-1971, 22, 1; 121-133
0010-1354
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Mathematicum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydraulic fracturing and U.S. water policy
Autorzy:
Burnett, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
water policy
hydraulic fracturing
USA
Opis:
The recent boom in the development of natural gas from shale is a game changer for U.S. domestic energy. Large domestic reserves of shale gas reduce dependency on foreign producers, as is currently the case for crude oil. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the U.S. contains approximately 500 trillion cubic feet of unproved technically recoverable resources from shale gas. At current rates, that is enough gas from shale alone to supply the entire country for approximately twenty-one years. The large increase in shale gas development has been made possible through the development of two principle technologies: horizontal drilling and high-volume, hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) fluid. Horizontal drilling or directional drilling allows producers to access far more natural gas from relatively thin shale deposits within the earth. HVHF involves injecting a large volume mixture of water, sand, and other chemicals deep into the earth. The high pressure from the fluid causes shale rock formations to fracture so that natural gas can be released and extracted. HVHF fluid is mostly composed of water (generally ninety-eight to ninety-nine percent) and can contain some potentially hazardous (and possibly carcinogenic) chemicals including benzene and lead. The contention over hydraulic fracturing surrounds public fears over contamination of drinking water sources. This sentiment was captured in the anti-fracking film by Josh Fox called Gasland - the film received a 2010 special jury prize for a documentary at the Sundance Film Festival and was nominated by the Academy Award for Best Documentary in 2011. According to a recent report from the Natural Resource Defence Council (2012), HVHF fluid can contaminate drinking water on the surface or below the ground surface. Potential surface contamination can occur because of: (1) spills or leaks from storage tanks, valves, or transportation pipes, or (2) mismanagement of fracturing waste or "flowback" fluid which is often stored in surface pits. Contamination to below ground surface can occur due to (1) migration of fluid to neighboring oil or gas wells, (2) improper construction, cementing, and casing of the well, and (3) migration of fluid to other natural fracture networks. In addition to potential contamination, HVHF fluid also requires large volumes of water taken from fresh water sources, and if the water is contaminated it cannot be returned to water bodies without extensive treatment. When a well is injected with HVHF fluid some of it returns to the surface as flowback, but not all fracturing fluid injected into a geologic formation are recovered. If the flowback fluid is contaminated then it may need to be returned underground using a permitted underground injection well. The natural gas industry often claims that there is no evidence of contamination to freshwater aquifers. For example, Rex Tillerson, chief executive of ExxonMobil, offered the following statement at a recent Congressional hearing on drilling: "There have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry, and there is not one, not one, reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing. Not one." Urbina (2011) contends that the lack of documented cases exist because the industry often settles suspected cases through lawsuits with private landowners, in which case the details of such cases are sealed from public disclosure. In fact, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1987 Congressional report documented a case of contaminated well water from HVHF fluid in West Virginia. Additionally, a Duke University study found that drinking water methane concentrations were seventeen times higher in active drilling locations. What is unclear in the U.S. at this point is the nation's system of federalism in regulating HVHF. For example, it is not clear what role, if any, the EPA will play in regulating this practice. Much to the ire of environmentalists, the practice of hydraulic fracturing is largely exempt from the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) as superseded by the Environmental Policy Act of 2005. Legislation, dubbed the FRAC (fracturing responsibility and awareness of chemicals) act, was introduced to both houses of Congress to enable the EPA to obtain jurisdiction over hydraulic fracturing under the SDWA; however, to date no major legislation has passed in either house. The EPA's ability to regulate HVHF under the Clean Water Act is limited to the disposal of flowback into surface waters in the U.S. Therefore, the regulation of HVHF has largely been relegated to state and local governments. The EPA historically has granted "primacy" for some states to oversee and regulate the disposal of hazardous waste, such as flowback, into injection wells within their own borders. The problem of course is that some states have not been granted primacy. For example, in the Marcellus shale region Pennsylvania does not have primacy, so the federal government has to sign off on all new injection wells in the state which causes delays and red tape. Further, Pennsylvania does not have many suitable geological formations for injection wells. Therefore, a large portion fracturing waste fluid from Pennsylvania is transported to New York, Ohio, and West Virginia for disposal. A potential problem for the future is that the drilling and fracturing industries are exempt from federal hazardous waste disposal laws, so fracturing waste is being injected into wells with less stringent oversight. Many critics argue that environmental regulations imposed by the federal government would be much stricter than state-level enforcement. Critics have argued that the SDWA provides the EPA with leverage against states' inaction in protecting water sources. In the absence of federal legislation, some fear a "race to the bottom" in which individual states may purposively impose lax environmental regulations to attract natural gas development. The justification for environmental regulations under federal control "reflect commonly understood collective action problems, including negative environmental externalities, resource pooling, the 'race to the bottom,' uniform standards, and the 'NIMBY' (not in my back year) phenomenon." What is clearly needed in this case is a model of "cooperative federalism" in which the federal government offers some guidance in the potential environmental impacts from shale gas development, but leaves regulation to local governments to provide a more comprehensive, protective, and accountable regulation of the industry. The U.S. will likely be the bellwether for other countries as Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland, China, and Australia are participating in discussions regarding the application of hydraulic fracturing to extract their shale gas reserves. How will the policy debate in the U.S. unfold? It is difficult to tell. Perhaps Benkin (1992) states it best: "... the choice ofregulatory forum often seems to determine the outcome of the controversy. That may explain why Americans have traditionally shed so much metaphorical and genuine blood deciding what are essentially jurisdictional disputes between governmental institutions.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2013, 30, 1; 311-313
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perceptually Correlated Parameters of Musical Instrument Tones
Autorzy:
Beauchamp, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
musical timbre
music synthesis
loudness
pitch
duration
attack
decay
spectral envelope
spectral centroid
spectral irregularity
spectral flux
vibrato
inharmonicity
discrimination
dissimilarity relation
multidimensional scaling (MDS)
timbre transposition
rms amplitude
fundamental frequency
correspondence
Opis:
In Western music culture instruments have been developed according to unique instrument acoustical features based on types of excitation, resonance, and radiation. These include the woodwind, brass, bowed and plucked string, and percussion families of instruments. On the other hand, instrument performance depends on musical training, and music listening depends on perception of instrument output. Since musical signals are easier to understand in the frequency domain than the time domain, much effort has been made to perform spectral analysis and extract salient parameters, such as spectral centroids, in order to create simplified synthesis models for musical instrument sound synthesis. Moreover, perceptual tests have been made to determine the relative importance of various parameters, such as spectral centroid variation, spectral incoherence, and spectral irregularity. It turns out that the importance of particular parameters depends on both their strengths within musical sounds as well as the robustness of their effect on perception. Methods that the author and his colleagues have used to explore timbre perception are: 1) discrimination of parameter reduction or elimination; 2) dissimilarity judgments together with multidimensional scaling; 3) informal listening to sound morphing examples. This paper discusses ramifications of this work for sound synthesis and timbre transposition.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2011, 36, 2; 225-238
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The bi-partial version of the p-median / p-center facility location problem and some algorithmic considerations
Autorzy:
Owsinski, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
facility location
p-median
p-center
clustering
bi-partial approach
Opis:
The paper introduces the bi-partial version of the well known p-median or p-center facility location problem. The bi-partial approach, developed by the author, primarily to deal with the clustering problems, is shown here to work for a problem that does not possess some of the essential properties, inherent to the bi-partial formulations. It is demonstrated that the classical objective function of the problem can be correctly interpreted in terms of the bi-partial approach, that it possesses the essential properties that are at the core of the bi-partial approach, and, finally, that the general algorithmic precepts of the bi-partial approach can also be applied to this problem. It is proposed that the use of bi-partial approach for similar problems can be beneficial from the point of view of flexibility and interpretation.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2014, 8, 3; 59-63
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Devices improving the manoeuvrability characteristics of ships. Part I. Laboratory tests on models in cavitation tunnel and towing tank
Autorzy:
Doerffer, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
opening balbous bow
opening rudder
stern shield
steering braking device
braking the ship
Opis:
An account of research activities on the devices improving the manoeuvring abilities carried out at the Gdansk University of Technology is reviewed. These devices could be placed on the bulbous bow (opening bulbous bow) and at the stern end (wake pressure equalising device, stern shield, opening rudder). Researches with segments of models of these devices in a cavitation tunnel and on self propelled models of ships in a towing tank were performed as well as on open lakes.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2007, S 1; 81-87
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Editorial : systems and operational research for modelling and decision making : a perspective from BOS conferences
Autorzy:
Owsiński, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2013, 23, 2; 5-9
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Devices improving the manoeuvrability characteristics of ships. Part II. ”Doerffer’s Rudder” – experience learnt from tests carried out on real ships
Autorzy:
Doerffer, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
results of tests with Doerffer's Rudder
opening rudder
opening balbous bow
stern shield
steering braking device
braking the ship
Opis:
An account of research activities on the devices improving the manoeuvring abilities carried out at the Gdansk University of Technology were presented in Part I of the paper. Experience from implementation of open rudders on real ships is presented in Part II. Open rudders were fitted on two full size ships: a 1000 BHP harbour tug and a 2500 BHP long line fishing vessel. Designs were made for four types of ships: motor sailing passenger ship “Gwarek” (2 x 1.032 BHP and 1800 m˛ sail area); arctic expedition sailing ship m/y “Polarex” (length 40,4 m, 1200 BHP); rescue vessel R-27 (two engines a 600 BHP with single propeller); harbour tug m/t “Atlas” (2500 BHP). None of these designs was implemented due to financial difficulties of the owners. Further model experiments with a self propelled model of a cargo liner m/s “Hollandia” exceeding 20 knots were carried out on the lake as well as with a model of a twin screw vessel.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2007, S 1; 88-92
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy saving and abatement of gas emission in the wood industry
Autorzy:
Bujak, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/208060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
wood industry
boiler plant
lower emissions
thermal efficiency
przemysł drzewny
redukcja emisji
oszczędność energii
kotłownia
Opis:
The analysis of heat losses and thermal efficiency of the steam system used for plywood dryers before and after its modernization has been presented. In the wood industry, mainly pressure-free condensate return systems are used. An existing open condensate return system has been improved by the application of a closed condensate tank in order to eliminate secondary steaming. The tested system consisted of three basic parts. One of them was a boiler plant producing superheated steam. Steam and condensate transfer grids connecting the boiler plant with the dryer constituted the next part of the tested steam system. The latter element was a processing device for plywood drying. The application of the closed condensate return system has increased the efficiency of the tested steam system by 15.5%. This resulted in lower emissions of contaminations to the atmosphere. The results of the test were also used to define basic economic indicators of the system in order to determine profitability of its installation.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2016, 42, 2; 107-124
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PowerMILL Robot Interface launched
Autorzy:
Gunnink, J. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
Delcam
robot
milling
innovation
simulation
Opis:
Delcam was the Co-ordinating Partner on the thirty-month COMET project, which was part-funded by the European Commission under the Factories of the Future umbrella, aimed to overcome the challenges facing European manufacturing industries by developing innovative, robot-based machining systems. One of the key outcomes of the project was new software PowerMILL Robot Interface which makes it as easy to program a robot for machining. The core functionality of PowerMILL Robot consists of three main steps: programming, simulation (including analysis) and creation of the robot programs in native language, eliminating any need for third-party translation software.
Źródło:
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics; 2014, 1, no. 1 (1); 41-46
2392-0327
Pojawia się w:
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 2984

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