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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    The Test of Opinion of Vindication Process on Primal Wood Market in Period of Business Recession on the Example of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Poznań
    Próba oceny procesu windykacji należności na pierwotnym rynku drzewnym w okresie recesji gospodarczej na przykładzie Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Poznaniu
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033535.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    Wood market
    Receivables vindication
    Economic recession
    Opis:
    The investigations were conducted on the basis of data (approx. 37 000 transactions) collected in the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Poznań. At the time of the study the Directorate consisted of 26 forests inspectorates. Analyses of the average period of receivables vindication were based on the Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) method. The test of opinion of dynamics wood sale was undertaken, and its the structure was also shown. On the basis of the investigations conducted in 1999. Certain decrease in wood sale due to lowered demand occurred in 2002. The size of sale of wood was qualified for subsequent customer categories. 
    W pracy pt. "Próba oceny procesu windykacji należności na pierwotnym rynku drzewnym w okresie recesji gospodarczej na przykładzie Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Poznaniu" podjęto próbę konstruktywnego opisu sytuacji prawno-ekonomicznej związanej z procesem windykacji należności w sektorze leśnym w kontekście sytuacji gospodarczej i spadku koniunktury na drewno. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących struktury kredytowej pierwotnego rynku drzewnego, terminów windykacji należności oraz proces przekształcania się należności bieżących w należności przeterminowane.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2006, 5, 377; 3-10
    1899-5241
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The unresolved problem of determining the forest interest rate
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989659.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    forestry economics
    value
    forestry rate
    Opis:
    Valuation of forests and their components is a significant problem, both for science and practice. At present, in many countries, the market of forest property is limited. As a result, no conclusions may be inferred on the forest value based on the information on forest purchase and sale transactions. In this situation, we apply static methods of forest valuation. The problem of forest statics has been discussed for years (e.g., Brukas et al. 2001; Chang 1983, 2001; Dieter 2001; Hartman 1976; Manley and Bare 2001; Mohring 2001; Zhang 2001; Viitala 2016). Static methods of forest valuation are well known. In the construction of the proposed mathematical formula (Eq. 6), the Faustmann theory was applied, concerning the economic equilibrium in forestry. Numerous modifications of his equation for economic equilibrium were used to develop, for example, an income method for forest valuation based on discounting the final value or prolongation of initial value. The forest interest rate is a key element in these equations. At present, there are no procedures for the establishment of this interest rate, which would be generally accepted by the scientific community. Therefore, the article presents and discusses selected concepts for determining the forest interest rate.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2018, 60, 2; 122-130
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of Value at Risk Method to Assess Timber Selling Price Risk
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Michalski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    value at risk method
    risk management
    economy
    forestry
    timber selling price risk
    Opis:
    As organisations and economic markets continually evolve, it becomes essential to improve risk management skills on an ongoing basis. In this respect, it is particularly important to make practical use of all the tools available to identify and quantify risks. As with most entities, the most important tool for forest management is the timber selling price risk (TSPR). Economic practice shows that global markets experience very high volatility in this respect. The awareness of some popular techniques to understand the nature of individual risks by properly identifying their impact on the functioning of the organisation is currently increasing in importance. One of these techniques is the Value at Risk (VaR) method, which was used in this study to measure TSPR in 38 timber-selling economic entities. The aim of this article is to examine the concept of TSPR estimation using the VaR method adopted in the methodology by implementing the main VaR assumptions in the Polish forest economy in order to improve the methods of quantification of market risk in forestry, taking into account the impact of the sales volume and trade pattern of wood species on TSPR. The article demonstrates that the application of the VaR method can be an auxiliary tool in the TSPR management process. It is noted that this method can be a basic tool to ascertain the degree of exposure to risk and that the structure of commercial classes of timber is important. Using VaR, the relationship between the level of generated revenue and TSPR as well as between the assortment structure and TSPR was identified and discussed. It is also shown that the class of timber had an impact on TSPR.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2023, 66, 212; Art. no. 177423
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Can changes in forest management contribute to the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere? Literature review, discussion and Polish example
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Keca, Ljiljana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041950.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    forestry
    politics
    environment
    climate
    protection
    sustainable development
    CO2
    carbon
    Opis:
    Both COP21 and COP22 stressed the role of forests in climate protection as a natural CO2 sink. With this in mind, the study reviewed some literature findings related to afforestation, stand level management, forest soils, peatland management and storage yards to increase the amount of CO2 absorbed by the forest ecosystem. It was shown that some of the assumptions, for example, afforestation or improved water relations in soils, may contribute to reduced CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Our research was of a review nature and consisted in seeking information in various scientific publications. For a better interpretation of the results, we have divided our research into several parts. In the first part, we analysed the importance of deforestation and afforestation in the context of CO2 accumulation. We discussed the results of research on these issues giving specific examples. We have analysed the possibility of afforestation of new land. Using the example of Poland, we have indicated problems related to this issue. We have analysed the possibility of afforestation of new land. On the example of Poland, we have indicated problems related to this problem. We have come to the conclusion that in today’s Europe, the obstacle to such efforts is the lack of land that can be afforested and the financial incentive to abandon farming for forestry is too low. In the second part, we discussed the role of forest stands in the process of CO2 accumulation and reduction. We discussed breeding treatments that can be performed on racks. We noticed their importance in the CO2 reduction process. We noticed that when the density of forests increased, this has a positive effect on organic carbon storage. We presented and discussed examples of different rotation strategies in the context of their impact on CO2 accumulation. We analysed issues related to obtaining wood raw material and possible further storage of coal or its release into the atmosphere. We have recognized that proper forest soil management is important for CO2 accumulation. Therefore, another part of the research was devoted to the discussion on the role of soil in the process of CO2 accumulation. We discussed examples of using soil for forest and non-forest purposes, looking for the answer: how does this affect CO2 accumulation? In addition, we analysed the impact of soil moisture on processes related to CO2 storage. In our research, we critically treated wood storage as a method of reducing CO2. We also discussed the problem of treating wood as a source of bioenergy. We came to the conclusion that wood as an energy source can have a positive effect on CO2 reduction. The condition is, however, that energy produced from wood replaces energy from fossil fuels. Finally, we presented and discussed financial and legal issues related to CO2 reduction activities involving forests. We have found that attempts to commercialize CO2 emission reduction units for emissions generated in forests should be linked to the environmental responsibility of companies, and as such, should not be included in the current emissions’ trading policies. In the article, we also present a Polish proposal to run coal farms. We discuss their importance in the context of the issues discussed in this article.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2019, 61, 4; 299-318
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Forest development and conservation policy in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Szramka, Hubert
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041678.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    forest management
    forestry policy
    environmental protection
    forestry protection
    Opis:
    Whilst, in many countries, the scale of forest loss from business-as-usual development is immense, in Poland, this problem does not exist. However, obtaining additional land areas for afforestation is a main issue in Poland. In Poland, after the World War II, the forest area has been systematically growing. In 1945, the forest area was about 6.5 million ha, and the forest cover was 21%. In 2016, the forest area reached 9.2 million ha, and forest cover amounted to 29.5%. Today, there are 0.24 ha of forests per one inhabitant of Poland. The size of wood resources in stands is also changing. In 1945, forest resources on the trunk amounted to approximately 906 million m3 , and in 2016, it reached 2.4 million m3. The problem, however, is the uneven distribution of forests in Poland. Forests in Poland are very strictly protected by law. There are two most important acts, Forest Act of 2001 and Nature Conservation Act of 2004, that regulate principles for the retention, protection and augmentation of forest resources. Over the past decades in Poland, the social demands regarding non-economical functions of forest such as recreational activities, soil and water protection and mitigation of global warming became an important and constantly growing challenge for forest managers. Thus we suggest that, first of all, it is very important to extract the leading function for a given forest area. Interactions between development and conservations policies are very tied and may suggest the need of their integration. In this article, we present the concept of development policy for forest management and forest protection in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2020, 62, 1; 31-38
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A comparison of prediction efficiency for timber prices in Poland in times of economic crisis with the application of the linear approximation method and brown’s exponential smoothing model
    Autorzy:
    Górna, Aleksandra
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2067432.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    forest economics
    market
    price
    prediction
    raw wood
    Opis:
    An analysis was made of two prediction methods: the Linear Approximation Method (LAM) and Brown’s Exponential Smoothing Model (BESM). These two methods were investigated and compared in terms of their efficiency in timber price prediction. Models and price predictions were prepared based on three time series (5-, 7- and 9-year) for three years: 2015, 2016 and 2017. The analyses were conducted using data on mean annual timber prices from the period 2006-2017. This meant that the time series included the years of the 2007-2008 economic crisis. Prediction efficiency was evaluated by comparing the results obtained with actual timber prices in the years 2015-2017. It was found that the predictions generated by LAM were better than those produced by BESM. The smallest relative and absolute errors of prediction were obtained applying the linear function: Υt^ = 5.277t + 161.70. This function was constructed based on a 5-year time series. Absolute error amounted to 1.59 PLN (€0.35). Relative error was below 1%. The results of this work suggest that further studies are desirable to investigate the applicability of trend analysis to the prediction of timber prices with the inclusion of analyses of nonlinear trends. The present results of timber price modelling may provide a basis to search for a homogeneous model of timber price prediction adapted to specific conditions of timber sales.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2021, 64, 208; 135--147
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The application of trend estimation model in predicting the average selling price of timber
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Górna, Aleksandra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010868.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    wood economics
    forest economics
    price forecast
    prediction methods
    trend estimation model
    Opis:
    The article analyzes the possibility of adopting trend estimation model to predict the average selling price of timber (CGUS). The study used information about the average selling prices of timber in chosen periods (2006-2017). The data concerning the actual CGUS was used to create a trend estimation model. The models and CGUS predictions were conducted based on three different time series encompassing 5-year periods. The predicted (CGUS) trend estimation in particular years was requested based on extrapolation, which exceeded the accepted set of information used in the study to create a trend estimation model. On the basis of the conducted study it was ascertained that the method of modeling linear trend estimation should be adopted in the price prediction process. The error assessment with which the linear function formulas are burdened, it was noticed that the value of the coefficient of residual variation was between 4.40% and 7.82%. It was also noticed that the linear modeling of CGUS trend estimation, despite unfavorable values of coefficient of determination and convergence, to some extent, can be viewed as an assistance tool in the decisionmaking process in the scope of predicting the height of the analyzed price. This view was supported by the achieved predictions which were verified with the actual prices of timber. The price difference between the actual and the predicted one was between -1.59 PLN to 2.27 PLN, and in relative terms the predictive error was between 0.83 to 1.15%. In our opinion the presented research process can constitute a reference point as a comparative element to verify the results for other, new price prediction models. The process of modeling timber prices should be extended by other predicators which are connected with forest market chain.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2020, 63, 206; 147-159
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Classification of Financial Risks in Polish Modern Forestry
    Autorzy:
    Michalski, Krzysztof
    Wieruszewski, Marek
    Starosta-Grala, Monika
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323545.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    risk
    modern forestry
    risk classification
    risk management
    forest management
    Opis:
    Modern forest management requires a well-founded knowledge and understanding of all the risks involved in forest management. It requires a wealth of information not only on natural hazards, but also related to the financial aspect of running a business. The most important activity in the risk management phase is to identify all the known risk areas, and on this basis, to determine the appropriate classification of risks accompanying the activities of the entity in question, taking into account the various categories of risk division. In forest management, the global risk of activities should be considered in terms of two main risks: operational risk (including natural and anthropogenic factors), and financial risk, which, in simple terms, is the consequence of decisions and economic processes in an entity's area of activity. Considering the impact of the production factors that affect the results of the activities carried out, it should be emphasized that forest management has a specific distribution of standard production factors. The forest stand plays the role of both a production resource and an object of production, and in the final analysis, represents a production effect. Any consideration of financial risk management in forest management should be carried out based on long-term analytical data series. Another factor for forests under state management is the various functions that forest management performs. Taking into account the ownership criterion cited earlier, it needs to be emphasized that the weighting of individual financial risks may vary depending on the ownership structure of forests in a given country and taking into account the ownership share of forests in the timber sales market. In conclusion, it was pointed out that, unlike other industries, financial risk management in forest holdings can be disrupted by the function of forests, as well as the strong influence in the long term of natural phenomena that have a significant impact on determining the types and ordering the degree of significance of individual risks in the process of identifying them.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2023, 66, 212; Art. no. 17742
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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