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Wyszukujesz frazę "vehicle electric system" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Model of vehicle electric drive system
Autorzy:
Pawelski, Z.
Zdziennicki, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
electric vehicle
energy storage
electric drive
driving cycle
battery model
Opis:
Models of electrical energy storage devices – a battery and a supercapacitor – as well as models of motor and a control system, were used to feature the work of a hybrid electric drive system. The models were adapted to simulate driving with a given driving cycle, in a quasi-static method, with the use of MATLAB-Simulink software. The advantage of this method is that calculations can be done quickly and results can be easily compared. A battery model enables determining voltage and charge level in relation to load current and temperature. The basic parameter of a battery is a nominal capacity. It is a measure of energy stored in the battery, which can be absorbed within discharge time, in conditions of temperature and current. The energy can be absorbed until the minimal voltage is reached in the clips. The article presents simulation of calculations lead that the described electric drive model. The model makes it possible to analyse different concepts of steering the whole system already in the initial phase. In particular, the article presents PMSM model and trajectories of selected parameters during a trapezoidal driving cycle.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 211-220
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of parasite resistance on operation of ignition system in motor vehicle
Wplyw rezystancji pasozytniczej na dzialanie ukladu zaplonowego samochodu
Autorzy:
Styla, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/791851.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
ignition system
resistance
ignition coil
ignition advance angle
motor vehicle
vehicle electric system
physical damage
oscillogram
diagnostic parameter
diagnostic monitoring
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2012, 12, 1
1641-7739
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative study of DC/DC electric vehicle charging system with conventional transformer and planar transformer
Autorzy:
Rudawski, Maciej
Fatyga, Karol
Kwaśny, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202738.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
conventional transformer
dual active bridge
electric vehicle charging station
planar transformer
Opis:
This paper presents an analysis of electric vehicle charging station operation based on a dual active bridge topology. Two cases are considered: one with the use of a medium frequency planar transformer, the other with a conventional Litz winding transformer. An analysiswas performed using both solutions in order to compare the performance characteristics of the system for both cases and to present the differences between each transformer solution. The analysis was based on tests carried out on the full-scale model of an electric vehicle charging station, which is the result of the project "Electric vehicle charging system integrated with lighting infrastructure" realized by the Department of Drives and Electrical Machines, Lublin University of Technology. The results presented in the paper show that the conventional transformer used in the research achieved better results than the planar transformer. Based on the results obtained, the validity of using both solutions in electric vehicle charging stations was considered.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2023, 72, 2; 339--355
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A New Method for an Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Using LCC
Autorzy:
Khademi, Hamid Reza
Moghaddam, Mahmoud Samiei
Baygi, Seyed Javad Mohammadi
Hajizadeh, Amin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
power transfer system
electric vehicle
output power
efficiency
optimization
układ przeniesienia mocy
pojazd elektryczny
moc wyjściowa
sprawność
optymalizacja
Opis:
Nowadays, there is a need for charging electric vehicles (EVs) wirelessly, since it provides a more convenient, reliable, and safer charging option for the EV customers. A wireless charging system using a double-sided LCC compensation topology is proven to be highly efficient; however, the large volume induced by the compensation coils is a drawback. Endocrine links are more useful in transmitting power wirelessly than other links. These links are used in the transmission of low and medium power. In this paper, by analyzing the equivalent circuit of a WPT power transmission system, the optimal value of the inductance was formulated to increase the yield. This can have other applications. In order to neutralize the reactive losses, the series resonance is used in both in primary and secondary sections, among which the lower quantities of series inductors were selected from the initial values to increase the efficiency and power. Furthermore, it is possible to optimize these values using suitable optimization methods. In this study, the PSO algorithm was used for this purpose.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2019, 13, 3; 98-112
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Light two-wheeled electric vehicle energy balance investigation using chassis dynamometer
Autorzy:
Racewicz, Szymon
Kazimierczuk, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
electric vehicle
energy balance
chassis dynamometer
drive system efficiency
Opis:
The article presents the methodology for light two-wheeled electric vehicle energy balance investigation using MAHA LPS 3000 chassis dynamometer. For this purpose, the laboratory tests, as well as the road tests, have been performed on the self-constructed light two-wheeled electric vehicle equipped with the 3 kW BLDC motor and the 100.8 V battery pack. The road test data have been used to set up the dynamometer parameters in order to simulate the real road drive taking into account, among others, the rolling resistances and the air drag coefficient. The overall energy consumption for the laboratory tests and the road conditions’ tests have been then compared for different vehicle speeds. In addition, based on the power and the torque characteristics measured on the MAHA chassis dynamometer, the efficiency of the vehicle electric drive system and the efficiency of the battery charging process have been calculated.
Źródło:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2020, 14, 4; 175-179
1898-4088
2300-5319
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An application of the heat accumulator and improvement of the DC-DC converter for hybrid-electric vehicles
Autorzy:
Kosztyła, T.
Tutaj, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
simulation
road transport
DC-DC converter
propulsion system
heating system
hybrid vehicle
Opis:
In this article, both problems of the internal combustion-engine’s thermal equilibrium as well as improving the DC-DC converter’s operation in the hybrid-electric vehicle’s propulsion system. The purpose of the proposed amendments is to increase the energy efficiency of the hybrid-electric vehicle’s propulsion system. Such a hybridelectric vehicle in city traffic is characterized by intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine with long pauses, which causes difficulty in obtaining and maintaining the desired operating temperature of the internal combustion engine, especially at low outdoor temperatures and intensive use of the heating system inside the hybridelectric vehicle. The result is the increased emission of noxious exhaust gas components and increased fuel consumption. The proposed solution to this problem is to apply heat accumulator in the cooling system. It is stored in the waste heat from the cooling system used to obtain and maintain the internal combustion engine’s nominal operating temperature. The paper presents the results of simulation analyses the impact of applying heat accumulator in the hybrid-electric vehicle driving in city traffic, at different ambient conditions, such as: air temperature, internal combustion engine’s load and the frequency and length of stops. The proposed algorithm for controlling the circulation of the cooling liquid ensures as soon as possible to achieve and maintain the internal combustion engine’s temperature. Furthermore, the temperature of the operating medium can be adjusted depending on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. Experimental studies, on the example of the Toyota Prius and Yaris, confirmed the desirability of the use of the proposed solution. Improving the DC-DC converter’s current is to change the configuration by the use of a two-phase DC-DC converter – instead of a single-phase DC-DC converter, supplying a DC-AC inverter of the DC motoring the hybrid-electric vehicle’s propulsion system. This article also includes waveforms for comparison of the properties of both DC-DC converters.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 263-270
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Powertrain system with the ultracapacitor-based auxiliary energy storage for an urban battery electric vehicle
System napędowy z magazynowaniem energii pomocniczej oparty na ultrakondensatorze dla miejskiego akumulatorowego pojazdu elektrycznego
Autorzy:
Biernat, P.
Rumniak, P.
Michalczuk, M.
Gałecki, A.
Grzesiak, L.
Ufnalski, B.
Kaszewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
urban electric vehicle
hybrid energy source
ultracapacitor
battery
miejski pojazd elektryczny
układ napędowy
źródła energii hybrydowej
ultrakondensator
akumulator
Opis:
This paper presents a powertrain system for an urban electric vehicle. The powertrain system consists of a hybrid energy source (battery storage and ultracapacitors) and drivetrain system (two in-wheel outer-rotor PMSM motors). Battery performance improvement, has been achieved by supporting it with ultracapacitor energy storage. Power flow control using fuzzy logic controller is presented in detail. An electronic differential algorithms have been implemented and tested.
W artykule przedstawiono układ napędowy dla miejskiego pojazdu elektrycznego. Układ napędowy składa się z hybrydowego źródła energii (akumulatory i ultrakondensatory) i systemu napędowego (dwa silniki w-kołach o zewnętrznym wirniku PMSM). Osiągnięto poprawę wydajności akumulatora poprzez wspieranie go magazynowaniem energii przez ultrakondensator. Przedstawiono w szczegółach sterowanie przepływem mocy z wykorzystaniem regulatora logiki rozmytej. Elektroniczne algorytmy różnicowe zostały wdrożone i przetestowane.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2013, 27-28, 3-4; 45-64
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The efficiency of the inference system knowledge strategy for induction motor linear speed control of an urban electric vehicle
Autorzy:
Nasri, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
electric vehicle
electronic differential
induction motor
vector control
fuzzy logic speed control
Opis:
This paper presents a real induction vehicle motor speed estimation technique, based on the fuzzy logic inference system knowledge for electric vehicle safety based on differential electronics as essential element for two wheeled electric vehicle driving which utilize the two back separately induction motors for motion. The aim object of the fuzzy logic controller is to give more and more safety for the electric propulsion system safety during motion against road topology. Our electric vehicle fuzzy inference system control’s simulated in Matlab SIMULINK environment, the results obtained present the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed control with good performances compared with the traditional PI speed control, the FLC induction traction machine presents not only good steady characteristic, but with no overshoot too. The electronic differential system ensures the robust control of the vehicle behavior on the road. It also allows controlling, independently, every driving wheel to turn at different speeds in any curve.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2010, 4, 1; 85-93
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on Effectiveness of Using Column-Oriented Databases in the Processing of Measurement Characteristics of an Electric Vehicle
Autorzy:
Czerepicki, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
electric vehicle
measurement characteristics
IT transport systems
NoSQL database
pojazd elektryczny
charakterystyki pomiarowe
system transportu IT
baza danych NoSQL
Opis:
Electric vehicles are increasingly popular means of transport. One of the most important problems of their operation is to optimize the use of a battery pack. It requires to analyze the operational characteristics of a vehicle in motion, which are stored in a database. If the measurement data are collected from many vehicles, the efficiency of their analysis is important. The objective of this article is to study the possibilities of using modern column-oriented databases in order to increase the efficiency of the analysis of selected operational characteristics of an electric vehicle. The research problem is a comparative analysis of the processing efficiency of selected measurement characteristics of an electric vehicle in relational and column-oriented data structures. Important analytical functions were formulated and recorded in the form of database queries. An experiment consisting in multiple execution of functions packages on various database structures, including a column-oriented one, was carried out. The execution time of packages and the IT system load were collected and analyzed. The analysis of the experiment results allows to conclude that the use of the column-oriented data structures made it possible to shorten the time of executing the functions analyzing the energy consumption by the electric vehicle’s drive system. Depending on the type of the analyzed characteristics of the vehicle and its method of representation in the database, a significant reduction of the analysis time compared to the relational structure was obtained. Also, a decrease in the load on the computer system during data processing on the column-oriented structures was noted. The use of the column-oriented databases in the processing and analysis of measurement operational characteristics of electric vehicles is justified and it can bring measurable effects. It should be considered that the effectiveness of solving depends on the number of the analyzed characteristics and the format of their representation in the computer.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2019, 51, 3; 77-84
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selection of the photovoltaic system power for the electric vehicle
Autorzy:
Małek, Arkadiusz
Marciniak, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
electric vehicle
photovoltaic system
energy generation
battery charging
metalog
Opis:
The article presents a method of a photovoltaic system power selecting for proper electric vehicle. At the beginning, the characteristics of the electric vehicle itself and its traction batteries were made in order to determine the method of its charging. In the presented studies, measurement data from the operation of real photovoltaic systems was recorded and processed. The algorithm used includes examining the energy consumption profile of the owner's residential building. The combined demand for electricity of the electric vehicle and the building made it possible to determine the planned photovoltaic system. The authors presented three possibilities of its location. It can be installed on the roof of the building, on the ground next to the building or on the carport under which an electric vehicle can be parked. Finally, the Metalog family of probability distributions was used to analytically validate the power choice of the photovoltaic system. The authors have developed an algorithm using human and artificial intelligence that helps to properly select the power of the photovoltaic system for the vehicle.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2023, 100, 2; 44--61
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Propulsion module for unmannned vehicle
Autorzy:
Polak, F.
Szczęch, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
unmanned vehicle
hybrid propulsion system
UGV
electric generator
electric propulsion motor
Opis:
Solution of the propulsion system of the unmanned vehicle elaborated and built in the Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines Military University of Technology is shown in the paper. Unmanned vehicles are about to play key role in modern warfare. There are many types of unmanned vehicles. Those which can operate in urban areas, especially inside buildings are considered as a most useful for modern army. Most unmanned vehicles are battery operated, causing low range or low speed of the vehicle. Internal combustion engines are not proper for operation inside buildings, due to exhaust gases produced by engine. Connecting two types of propulsion system, defect of range in battery and gases in combustion engines are eliminated, because we can program vehicle to not turning on engine inside buildings. Using a module for those types of vehicles, we can design entire gamut of unmanned and even manned vehicles, decreasing design costs and repair time due to parts repeatability. Using a prepared propulsion module, design engineer can freely determine length, width and wheel track of designed vehicle. Designed modules enable vehicle fast return to combat ability, due to parts repeatability. One module, used as a host, can reconstruct damage vehicle. There is possibility of using different engines, enlarging list of available modules. Economic factor has also big meaning, due to parts repeatability.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 479-482
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the unmanned vehicle hybrid propulsion system
Autorzy:
Baszuk, K.
Szczęch, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
unmanned vehicle
hybrid propulsion system
UGV
electric vehicle
electrical parameters measurements
Opis:
Investigation scheme of the unmanned vehicle is shown in the paper. It is the unmanned vehicle planned to use in military application. Using the unmanned vehicles on modern war field is increasingly popular. The unmanned vehicle is powered with a hybrid propulsion system. The main source of energy is diesel engine and electric generator. It supplies the battery and six propulsion electric motors. In the propulsion system is a lot of components: controllers and electric devices. Is important to know how it works in load condition. Investigation stand was constructed to break all drive wheels. There will be done measuring of electric parameters of the hybrid propulsion system. Temperature of the battery and electric motors, fuel consumption of internal combustion engine needed to appreciate of load and energy balance will be measured as well. Investigation equipment which will be used during investigation is also performed in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 53-56
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Long-term trend of electric vehicle sales in Thailand
Autorzy:
Chinda, Thanwadee
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
electric vehicle
system dynamics modelling
trend
Thailand
pojazd elektryczny
modelowanie dynamiki systemu
kierunek rozwoju
Tajlandia
Opis:
This research study aims at examining the long-term trend of EV sales in Thailand, utilising the system dynamics (SD) modelling approach. This approach is commonly used to model complex systems with causal relationships among key factors within the system. The developed SD model consists of five key factors affecting electric vehicle (EV) sales, namely, the environment, economy, charging infrastructure, government support, and battery maintenance. The simulation results show the increase in EV sales by ten times in the next 20 years with implementation plans related to the five key factors. The government support factor is the most important in enhancing EV sales in the short term. Several government support plans should be initiated to attract more EV consumers, such as subsidies and tax reductions. The environment and charging infrastructure factors are crucial to increasing EV sales in the long term. The enforcement of the CO2 tax and the provision of charging stations all around the country should be established to achieve a sustainable EV market in the long term. This research study contributes to the Thai government and automotive industry to better understand the complex relationships among key factors affecting EV sales. The related sectors may use the study results to plan for EV campaigns to promote the use of EVs and achieve a sustainable EV market.
Źródło:
Engineering Management in Production and Services; 2022, 14, 1; 13--25
2543-6597
2543-912X
Pojawia się w:
Engineering Management in Production and Services
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design methodology of advanced driver assistance systems for urban electric vehicle
Autorzy:
Jezierska-Krupa, K.
Skarka, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/393673.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Stowarzyszenie Telematyki Transportu
Tematy:
ADAS
electric vehicle
PreScan
urban vehicle
TASS
Bytel
Smart Power
Blind Spot Information System
pojazd elektryczny
pojazd miejski
Opis:
Th e article presents the design methodology of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for electric vehicles. As an example the Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) is described, which was created for an urban electric car - Bytel, the vehicle constructed within the Smart Power project. A specialized soft ware was used, TASS PreScan, the soft ware created for the purposes of advance driver’s assistance systems design. Th e article discusses the following stages of ADAS system creation - the needs analysis, the designing and the model testing. Within the needs analysis there are such subcategories as the needs defi nition, the project goals and the project planning . Th e designing part focuses on two aspects: choosing the proper tool for designing and testing ADAS model and creating the system model, including data processing system and control system. Th e model testing section includes test planning and testing procedure description. Th e article ends with conclusions and future directions of the proposed model development
Źródło:
Archives of Transport System Telematics; 2015, 8, 3; 25-29
1899-8208
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport System Telematics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concept of electric cross-country vehicle
Koncepcja samochodu terenowego z napędem elektrycznym
Autorzy:
Kamiński, T.
Matysiak, A.
Niezgoda, M.
Kruszewski, M.
Grzeszczyk, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
full electric vehicle
power generator
telematic system
pojazd elektryczny
agregat prądotwórczy
system telematyczny
Opis:
The article describes a conception of a off-road car, in which the self-ignition motor is planned to be replaced with a single or a group of electric motors. To implement the idea, it is planned to use a off-road Honker vehicle, produced in Poland. The choice has been made according to satisfactory cross-country properties of the vehicle, its reliability achieved by a simple design as well as positively user-rated performance in passing through the obstacles. The main aspect, still to be resolved, is the implementation of one electric motor to propel all wheels or four separate motors (each one for a single wheel). An important issue is the choice of a power supply, which can be a battery unit, recharged with a low power motor-generator. The vehicle will be additionally equpped with an innovational telematics system with its main element – the set of sensors for toxic gases detection and a communication system. Measured data will be transmitted to the headquarters. After aggregating and processing the data, the current information will be sent to each of the vehicles. The article characterises main assumptions of this system.
W artykule opisano koncepcję samochodu terenowego, w którym planowane jest zastąpienie silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym, silnikiem lub zespołem silników elektrycznych. W tym celu planowane jest wykorzystanie, produkowanego w Polsce, samochodu terenowego Honker. O wyborze platformy zdecydowały dobre właściwości terenowe samochodu, niezawodność spowodowana prostotą konstrukcji i pozytywnie oceniana przez użytkowników tzw. „dzielność w terenie”, oznaczająca wysoką zdolność do pokonywania przeszkód terenowych. Podstawowymi kwestiami, które pozostają do rozstrzygnięcia jest zastosowanie jednego silnika elektrycznego do napędu wszystkich kół – podczas jazdy terenowej, lub zastosowanie czterech silników (po jednym na każde koło). Ważnym aspektem jest wybór źródła zasilania, którym może być zespół akumulatorów, doładowywanych przy użyciu agregatu prądotwórczego małej mocy. Pojazd będzie dodatkowo wyposażony w innowacyjny system telematyczny. Jego głównym elementem będzie zestaw czujników do wykrywania niebezpiecznych gazów i system łączności. Dane pomiarowe będą transmitowane do centrali. Po zagregowaniu i przetworzeniu danych, aktualna zagregowana informacja będzie przesyłana do poszczególnych pojazdów. W artykule scharakteryzowano główne założenia tego systemu.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 735-739
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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