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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 28
Tytuł:
School Trips – Understanding the Young Traveller’s Perspective
Autorzy:
Zajadacz, Alina
Kugiejko, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1391059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa w Poznaniu
Tematy:
school tourism
school trips
youth travelers
participatory design
Opis:
The main purpose of the study was to collect and analyse opinions of young people concerning the organization of school trips, with special emphasis on factors that discourage them from participating in such trips. The research cycle was conducted in the years 2013-2017 using quantitative (survey) and qualitative (focus group interviews, participatory design) methods. The results provide interesting details about students’ participation in school trips (curriculum-based, extra-curricular), reasons for choosing not to attend school trips and students’ opinions (positive, negative) about school trips. It can be concluded that the inclusion of students’ opinions during the planning stage contributes to shaping their sense of empowerment and responsibility. The findings have not only a practical relevance for young people, teachers and providers of school trip services, but also wider social implications for the development of responsible and sustainable tourism.
Źródło:
Studia Periegetica; 2019, 28(4); 23-42
1897-9262
2658-1736
Pojawia się w:
Studia Periegetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Patent Protection in the TRIPS Agreement and the Right to Health: Can They Be Reconciled?
Autorzy:
Krukowska-Siembida, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618323.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
World Trade Organization
right to health
intellectual property protection
TRIPS Agreement
patent protection
Światowa Organizacja Handlu
prawo do zdrowia
ochrona własności intelektualnej
porozumienie TRIPS
ochrona patentowa
Opis:
The monopoly enjoyed by pharmaceutical manufacturers, resulting from the protection of intellectual property, directly affects the price of medicinal products and thus their availability, especially in developing and least-developed countries. The aim of the article was to examine the provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights adopted under the World Trade Organization, an attempt to answer the question of whether it is possible to reconcile the protection of intellectual property with the human right to health.
Monopol przysługujący producentom leków, wynikający z ochrony własności intelektualnej, wpływa bezpośrednio na cenę produktów leczniczych, a co za tym idzie na ich dostępność, szczególnie w krajach rozwijających się i najmniej rozwiniętych. Celem artykułu była analiza postanowień porozumienia w sprawie handlowych aspektów praw własności intelektualnej, przyjętego w ramach Światowej Organizacji Handlu, a także próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy możliwe jest pogodzenie ochrony własności intelektualnej z prawem człowieka do zdrowia.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2019, 28, 4
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Comparison of Motivations Behind Tourism Trips to Italy – Travellers of the Grand Tour Era vs. Modern Tourists
Autorzy:
Niezgoda, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1391050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa w Poznaniu
Tematy:
tourism motivations
Grand Tour
trips to Italy
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to compare motivations of travellers visiting Italy in the past, especially in the Grand Tour period, with those of modern tourists. A literature review has revealed that during the Renaissance in the Enlightenment and in the period of the Grand Tour, travel was an opportunity to acquire knowledge, to pursue science and self-development. The empirical part of the article describes results of a study (involving focus group interviews) which indicate that modern tourists also travel to Italy for educational purposes to visit sights that are famous for their historical and artistic qualities. However, for modern tourists such trips are, to a greater extent, opportunities for “an escape from daily life” as well as a chance to get to know the culture, including the local cuisine, new people and a form of rest and recreation. Another important factor, which also played a role in the romantic period, is the desire to boast of the trip on social media.
Źródło:
Studia Periegetica; 2019, 28(4); 43-55
1897-9262
2658-1736
Pojawia się w:
Studia Periegetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intellectual property protection strategies in high-developed countries
Autorzy:
Bochańczyk-Kupka, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
intellectual property rights protection
TRIPS Agreement
high-developed countries
developed countries
ochrona praw własności intelektualnej
porozumienie TRIPS
kraje wysoko rozwinięte
kraje rozwinięte
Opis:
Purpose: There has always been an international dimension to debates on intellectual property rights protection. High-developed countries implemented own protection standards which became common but not globally respected. Nowadays they experience problems connected with their violation. Design/methodology/approach: The subject matter and main aims of the paper require detailed literature studies and deep analysis and comparison of opinions presented by scholars representing both sides of the TRIPS negotiation process. It is necessary to present the opinions of well-known worldwide organizations and researchers from developed and developing countries. Findings: The paper presents the international legal consensus related to the protection of intellectual property rights and signals the main problems which haven’t been solved. It also presents the main tools used by developed countries to promote their global strategy of intellectual property rights protection. Originality/value: The paper shows and explains the main problems faced by high-developed countries and discusses the different opinions.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2020, 144; 25-32
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is There any Improvement in Total Factor Productivity Growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry after TRIPS Agreement? : Evidence from Biennial Malmquist Index
Autorzy:
Pal, Dipyaman
Chakraborty, Chandrima
Ghose, Arpita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14459584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-27
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG)
TRIPS
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Biennial Malmquist Index
Opis:
Aim: Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) has undergone a massive makeover–from a modest beginning of “process patents regime” in the seventies to a modern and WTO compatible regime under the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights System (TRIPS) in 2005. This paper estimates Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) using firm level data from 2000 to 2013.   Design / Research methods: We have used nonparametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using Biennial Malmquist Index.   Conclusions / findings: The results of estimation suggest an increase in overall TFPG of IPI after TRIPS agreement and also those vertically integrated firms involved in both bulk drugs production and formulation activities are less productive compared to firms that are involved in production of only bulk drug or formulation activity.   Originality / value of the article: This paper examines whether productivity of IPI has increased after 2005 i.e. after the period of TRIPS, by estimating TFPG for two sub-periods, i.e., from 2000 to 2005 and 2006 to 2013.   Implications of the research: The decomposition of TFPG suggests that for overall period 2000-2013, scale changes are the most important factor causing the productivity changes and among the other two alternative sources of TFPG, efficiency change dominates over technical changes. For the sub-period 2006-2013, the improvement in the scale efficiency may push the firms to a higher TFPG, whereas for 2000-2005 the better utilization of factors of production is the main driver of TFPG. A second stage panel regression suggests that R&D expenditure, Marketing expenditure, Market size, Capital-Labour ratio, import intensity and export intensity have positive and significant influence on TFPG.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 3; 55-80
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign Tourist Trips of Poles
Les déplacements touristiques des Polonais à létranger
Zagraniczne wyjazdy turystyczne Polaków
Autorzy:
Matczak, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1797414.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Źródło:
Turyzm; 1992, 2, 1; 119-127
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Instruments of Urban Logistics and Mobility Management of Population
Autorzy:
Kauf, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowa Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki i Transportu
Tematy:
city logistics
transportation
communication
mobility of individual trips
Opis:
This article aims to present the instruments of the city logistics that allow the mobility of the residents. Among them those that enable the coordination of the entire chain of movements, like Bike & Ride or Park & Ride. Car sharing and city transport agencies are mentioned.
Źródło:
Logistics and Transport; 2010, 10, 1; 99-104
1734-2015
Pojawia się w:
Logistics and Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mode choice analysis of school trips using random forest technique
Autorzy:
D'Cruz, Jinit J.M.
Alex, Anu P.
Manju, V. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
city transport
Multinomial Logit model
analysis of the travel model
school trips
peak hour traffic
commuting to schools
transport miejski
analiza trybu przejazdów
przejazdy do szkół
ruch w godzinach szczytu
Opis:
Mode choice analysis of school trips becomes important due to the fact that these trips contribute to the second largest share of peak hour traffic. This scenario is more relevant in India, which has almost 265 million students enrolled in different accredited urban and rural schools of India, from Class I to XII as per the UDISE report of 2019-20. Thus, it becomes necessary to understand what mode of transport will be mostly used for school trips in order to design an efficient transportation system. Modal attributes and socio-economic characteristics are mostly considered as explanatory variables in travel mode choice models. Multinomial Logit (MNL) model is one of the classic models used in the development of mode choice models. These logistic regression models predict outcomes based on a set of independent variables. With the recent advances in machine learning, transportation problems are getting a wide arena of methods and solutions. Among them the method of ensemble learning is finding a prominent place in contemporary modelling. This study explores the potential of using ensembles of random decision trees in mode choice analysis by Random Forest Technique with a comparative analysis on conventional method. It was observed that Random Forest method outperforms MNL method in predicting the mode choice preference of students. The high accuracy of machine learning models is mainly due to its ability to consider complex nonlinear relationship between socio-economic attributes and travel mode choice. These models can learn and identify pattern characteristics extracted from sample data and form adaptive structures through computational process thereby offering insights into the relationships between variables that random utility models cannot recognize. This study considered activity -travel information, personal data and household characteristics of students as attributes for model development and observed that the age of the student and distance of school from home plays a significant role in deciding the mode choice of school trips.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2022, 62, 2; 39--48
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cannabis indica as a motivation for foreign travel by Polish citizens
Autorzy:
Matczak, Andrzej
Pawlicki, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
trips abroad
cannabis indica consumption
drugs
Polish citizens
Opis:
Based on an anonymous on-line questionnaire survey, conducted among 1000 respondents, the authors present their demographic, socio-economic and spatial profile, their attitude to cannabis and the tourist trips they went on (scale, directions, destinations), involving cannabis consumption. Tourist trips of this kind were attractive to quite a large number of young people, mostly inhabiting large Polish cities, who usually had used and continued to use this drug. Trips inspired by cannabis were most often made to the nearby Czech Republic and Netherlands, as well as (less frequently) to Spain.
Źródło:
Turyzm; 2016, 26, 2; 49-56
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The motives, preferences and tourist behavior of Poles participating in enotourism trips
Motywy, preferencje i zachowanie turystyczne Polaków uczestniczących w wyjazdach enoturystycznych
Autorzy:
Zawadka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia; 2018, 17, 2
1644-0757
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Description and course of backpacking trips depending on the nationality of the tourists
Autorzy:
Brzózka, Małgorzata
Staszewska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-11-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Backpacking
survey method
Japan
Israel
Polska
Germany
Opis:
The following article discusses the differences between backpackers and mass tourists. Its objective is to describe the nature of backpacking trips and to present the dependencies between the course of a trip, the reasons for taking the trip and the nationality of the respondents. The study is based on the results of a survey carried out among backpackers from Israel, Japan, Poland and Germany. Well-defined differences were revealed by the responses given by the Israeli and Japanese backpackers.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2012, 16, 1; 36-42
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Travel demand management in the context of promoting bike trips, an overview of solutions implemented in Cracow
Zarządzanie popytem transportowym w kontekście promowania podróży rowerowych – przegląd rozwiązań realizowanych w Krakowie
Autorzy:
Nosal, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/375312.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
sustainable mobility
travel demand management
travel demand
bike trips
bike infrastructure
zrównoważona mobilność
popyt na podróże
zarządzanie popytem na podróże
wycieczki rowerowe
infrastruktura rowerowa
Opis:
Car traffic in cities causes a decrease in travel speed, irregularity of public transport operation and, as a consequence for travellers, significant time losses. Because of congestion the accessibility to the destination points, especially those that are located in the city centre, is threatened. Other difficulties concern: road safety, increasing air pollution, traffic noise and global warming. Construction of new roads and transport facilities requires large financial resources and covers large areas. City authorities implement many solutions to reduce these negative effects of car transport, including strategies which aim towards change in travel patterns. Inhabitants are encouraged to travel by more sustainable transport modes, including bikes. The concept is called travel demand management and in Poland is still a new approach to the passenger transport. This paper presents examples of instruments that are most commonly used abroad to encourage bike travels and an overview of the activities carried out to promote bike usage in Cracow. The paper also identifies Best Practices implemented in the area of Cracow and significant deficiencies in the basic issues and actions necessary to be undertaken in the future.
Ośrodki miejskie zmagają się z problemem nadmiernego ruchu samochodowego, który prowadzi do występowania zjawiska kongestii komunikacyjnej i towarzyszących mu skutków w postaci spadku prędkości podróży, nieregularności kursowania środków transportu publicznego, strat czasu ponoszonych przez podróżujących oraz obniżonej dostępności obszarów. Negatywne konsekwencje użytkowania samochodów dotyczą także kwestii bezpieczeństwa komunikacyjnego, wzrastającego zanieczyszczenia środowiska czy emisji hałasu. Inwestycje w transport drogowy wymagają dużych nakładów finansowych oraz wiążą się z zajętością obszarów, które mogłyby zostać wykorzystane w bardziej efektywny i przyjazny mieszkańcom miast sposób. Jedną z obecnie realizowanych koncepcji prowadzących do ograniczenia tych negatywnych zjawisk jest wdrażanie strategii mających na celu zmianę zachowań komunikacyjnych mieszkańców miast w kierunku korzystania z bardziej zrównoważonych form mobilności, w tym z jednośladów. To nowatorskie w Polsce podejście do przewozów pasażerskich zwane jest zarządzaniem popytem transportowym. 24 K. Nosal W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano przykłady najczęściej stosowanych za granicą instrumentów zarządzania popytem transportowym, zachęcających do przejazdów rowerem, oraz przeprowadzono przegląd działań realizowanych w ramach promowania jednośladów w Krakowie. Wskazano dobre praktyki i innowacyjne rozwiązania wdrażane na gruncie krakowskim oraz istotne braki w podstawowych kwestiach i działa-nia niezbędne do realizacji w przyszłości.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2015, 10, 2; 23-34
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Change trends in the use of passenger cars on urban trips: car-pooling in Gdynia
Autorzy:
Hebel, K.
Wołek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/196226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
motorization
marketing research
motoryzacja
badanie marketingowe
Opis:
The wide accessibility of European citizens to cars results in problems caused by their excessive use as a means of urban transport. Given this situation, it is necessary to find new solutions for the more efficient use of passenger cars in cities. This problem affects almost all European cities, including those in Poland. The paper analyses the level of motorization and modal split in Polish cities with county status, while selected European cities serve as a background to determine the scale of the problem. In the search of solutions in relation to Poland, an analysis of different documents outlining the directions of urban mobility was conducted. One of these documents concerned the promotion of car-pooling, the history of which dates back to the Second World War and the 1950s. Initially introduced in the USA, its increasing development in European cities has been witnessed in recent years. Research on the evaluation of real carpooling in Polish cities was conducted in Gdynia by the authors of this study. The results of marketing research presented in the article have determined the degree to which participants in urban mobility are inclined to take part in car-pooling schemes in Polish cities.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2017, 96; 37-47
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of holiday biography in generation-based ‘tourism space’ research
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk-Anioł, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
biographical method
geo-biography
holiday biography
tourism space
holiday space
tourist activity
holiday trips
tourism
Opis:
The article presents the concept of generation-based ‘tourism space’ research using the holiday biography method. The author refers to her earlier research conducted among three generations of Łodź families. She discusses the biography method used in the research and approaches it from a geo-biographical point of view, showing possible ways of recording the phenomenon (the particular character of the source material collected) and the various options available at later stages of research – interpretation (choosing the analysis, measurement and presentation methods) – and generalization
Źródło:
Turyzm; 2013, 23, 2; 15-22
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Are Trips to Auschwitz the Panacea for a History Sick Society? A Case Study of Holocaust Teaching: the Italian Memorial Trains to Auschwitz
Autorzy:
Fontana, Laura
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/545448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
Holocaust Education
Italian Memorial Trains
Use Abuse Auschwitz
Opis:
My paper will focus on the Italian memorial trains to Auschwitz, which have become a very popular phenomenon, still unparalleled in Europe. Namely, I will argue that they are an example of deterioration of Holocaust teaching by analyzing the three key following aspects: 1) Is the primary goal of this initiative teaching history or promoting moral education? Believing that a site visit is enough to generate a meaningful civilizing impact on the visitors means trivializing Auschwitz. On the one hand, the preparatory work for a trip there cannot include the teaching of the Holocaust in its full complexity. On the other hand, any content selection will obviously influence the students’ historical perception. 2) Both pedagogy and methodology would need more accuracy because most teachers taking part in these projects tend to have a passive attitude arising from their choice to leave their educational responsibility in the hands of the organizers, therefore renouncing to coordinate by themselves the learning process of their students. 3) The use of an unsuitable language not only results from a lack of precision in defining the historical facts (mixing of political deportation, forced labour and extermination of the Jews) but also leads to a universally moralizing effect of the Holocaust. In particular, the use of a too general vocabulary (including terms like: human beings, victims, innocent people) risks overlooking and minimizing the specificity of the genocide. Such a language prevents students from understanding that the Holocaust victims were the Jews and that they were murdered just because they were born Jews. Given the great success of the memorial trains initiative and its strong connection with the teaching of history, it is essential to consider how teachers respond to the major challenge they are faced with: combining good history teaching with the moral lesson of Auschwitz.
Źródło:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne; 2016, 6; 93-106
2353-4699
Pojawia się w:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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