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    Tytuł:
    Developing The Concept Of A Tax Law Relationship – Assumptions Concerning Scientific Research On This Issue
    Autorzy:
    Kalinowski, Marek
    Prejs, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091851.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-10-28
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
    Tematy:
    tax law
    tax law relationship
    tax obligations
    tax theory
    legal relationship
    tax research
    Opis:
    The concept of legal relationship is a tool that lawyers use to describe the legal situation in which entities find themselves due to applicable legal norms. It is therefore a tool for practical analysis of legal norms. The concept of a legal relationship and other legal concepts related to it are used by a lawyer to determine what rights and obligations a particular entity has in a given legal system in relation to the situation of another entity. In other words, it serves to describe the interdependence of the legal situation of entities due to applicable legal norms. Analysis of the legal relationship and related concepts are also useful for researching the behavior of some entities towards others due to applicable legal norms. The concept of legal relationship and the concepts associated with it are therefore a tool for analyzing law in action, thanks to which it is possible to solve a number of legal problems arising in the practice of applying law. It is important for those branches of law in which there are correlations between legal situations of entities of these branches of law. Therefore, it is also important for the tax law and tax research, in which there are relations between the state and taxpayers and other entities of tax law. Although from the most general point of view the structure of the legal relationship may seem to be very similar, however, legal relations in particular branches of law have their own characteristics. This diversity results from the fact that the content of elements determining specific legal relations in these branches of law is different, such as: the subject of the law, facts causing the creation and termination of the legal relationship as well as the content of the rights and obligations of the parties to this relationship. Research on these elements of the legal relationship allows to achieve specific theoretical and practical goals. Due to the fact that they are embedded in applicable law, they allow to build a model of legal relationship, which becomes a tool for practical analysis of applicable law. Secondly, their study allows to deepen knowledge of the characteristics of individual elements of this relationship, such as the subjects of this right. Thanks to this, it is possible to decide what features an entity should have to be able to become the owner of the rights or obligations of a given branch of law, including tax law. The structure of subjectivity in this branch of law is significantly different from the legal subjectivity of civil law. They also allow to catch the relationships between individual rights and individual rights and obligations regulated in a given branch of law. Finally, they allow to understand the premises that give rise to the rights and obligations incumbent on the subjects of a given branch of law. This in turn allows for an in-depth analysis of the tax law norms themselves, as well as views on individual institutions of this law and their critical analysis, as well as a critical analysis of the views of case law on these legal institutions. In the field of tax law science of various countries, models of a tax law relationship have been already created, which allow ordering and analysis of tax law norms. However, many other countries as the Polish tax law science did not pay much attention to this issue of tax law. Therefore, in many countries the most general model of tax law relationship created by the theory of law is used. The same has happened in Polish tax law science. However, this is an insufficient model, as it requires taking into account the state of tax legislation and the specifics of its regulations. Hence, considerations of tax law doctrine’s sometimes lack consistency due to the lack of an appropriate research tool in the form of a tax law relationship model. They also often conflict with each other, because the starting points for the analyses are different. Therefore, further research on tax law relationship is necessary in this field. This paper presents the assumptions concerning scientific research on developing the concept of a tax law relationship.
    Źródło:
    Financial Law Review; 2021, 24, 4; 102-121
    2299-6834
    Pojawia się w:
    Financial Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Funding of Public Benefit Activity with 1% of Personal Income Tax Scheme: Empirical Research
    Autorzy:
    Mamcarczyk, Mariola
    Zieniuk, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933636.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    technical report
    public benefit organizations
    foundations
    associations
    1% of income tax
    Opis:
    Purpose: This article seeks to assess the scale of using the funds from Poland’s 1% of personal income tax scheme in the funding of public benefit activity conducted by public benefit organizations in the area of promotion of sports and physical culture. Moreover, it attempts to establish the determinants of revenues from this source earned by individual organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article presents the results of own research based on a sample of 100 random public benefit organizations. Research conclusions are formulated based on the literature and legislation review, data from the financial statements and technical reports of selected organizations, and statistical methods selected to verify the formulated hypotheses. Findings: The revenues earned by the organizations from the 1% scheme do not depend on conventional factors, such as organization coverage, the number of beneficiaries, and the persons involved in the activity of the organization or duration of public benefit activity. Research limitations/Implications: The model developed for research purposes considers no immeasurable factors that may affect the amount of earned revenues, such as recognizability of organization in the society or taxpayer loyalty. Originality/Value: Our research pioneers the issue of determinants of funds acquired by the organizations from the 1% scheme. Research conclusions can be regarded as a voice in the discussion on the sources of funding the operation of foundations and associations.
    Źródło:
    Central European Management Journal; 2020, 28(4); 86-106
    2658-0845
    2658-2430
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Management Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Remote teaching and research of tax law during the COVID-19 pandemic: side reflections
    Autorzy:
    Parente, Salvatore
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2152914.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-12-22
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
    Tematy:
    COVID-19 Pandemic
    distance teaching and research
    tax law
    criticalities and perspectives
    Opis:
    The pandemic emergency from COVID-19, an unexpected and dramatic event, alongside the effects of a health, economic and social nature, has had repercussions on teaching and research activities at university level. The essay sets out some reflections on the meaning and quality of the teaching and research functions at a distance and in hybrid mode, in the context of tax law, in a perspective of sharing and “cross-fertilization”.
    Źródło:
    Intercultural Communication; 2022, 7, 1; 47-56
    2451-0998
    Pojawia się w:
    Intercultural Communication
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Relationship Between Book Profit and Taxable Income From A Research Perspective – Evidence Based On Corporations in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Leszczyłowska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522172.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
    Tematy:
    Księgowość podatkowa
    Podatek dochodowy
    Różnice w księgowości podatkowej
    Book tax difference
    Book tax conformity
    Corporate income tax
    Tax accounting
    Opis:
    One of the major obstacles faced by research into corporate taxation is connected with the lack of empirical data. Since tax returns are not publically available due to confidentiality requirements, firms’ financial statements seem to be an alternative. The aim of the paper is to analyze whether financial statements are an adequate and useful source of information from the perspective of a researcher searching for data proper for a quantitative analyses of corporate taxation. The investigation is aimed at answering the following questions: In what way do corporations present their income tax liabilities and deferred taxes in profit and loss accounts? How can the amount of the tax due be derived from financial statements and what is the accuracy of the applied formula? To what extent do companies incurring book losses have also a zero tax base? The research is based on the financial statements of companies (4.059 observations within the period of four years), which were obliged to publish them in the official register Monitor Polski B, which is accessible in the database of Emerging Markets Information Services. The method applied in the paper is based on an analysis of particular items of firms’ financial statements and their formula based adjustment.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Economics and Management; 2014, 18; 92-105
    1732-1948
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Economics and Management
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    R&D tax incentives for innovation and managerial decisions
    Autorzy:
    Walicka, Monika
    Prystrom, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599489.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
    Tematy:
    tax incentives
    research and development innovations
    Opis:
    In many countries tax incentives are a popular means of realizing political, economic and social objectives. The main motive of their application is often to achieve and accelerate the selected activities in the public interest and also stimulate development of industry, and induce growth in research and investment. The key element that helps a company achieve a competitive advantage is innovation. Global competition forces the production of unique products and services. Tax incentives in science, research and development are important in stimulating innovation. The purpose of this article is to show the level of managerial awareness about R&D tax incentives, the level of R&D tax incentive usage by companies in Poland, and main obstacles that managers meet with R&D tax incentives in practice. We explore R&D tax incentives as a government instrument on R&D management and aim to find the reasons why Polish companies do not take advantage of them. We examine 275 companies using a semi-structured questi onnaire. Our findings suggest that many firms report lack of knowledge about such incentives, and firms find many obstacles to reach all of the requirements which are necessary to use the incentive. Due to our analysis we find that large firms, especially those that implement innovation, are more likely to use the tax incentives, but small and medium sized companies find more obstacle. The effect of this tax policy is significant mainly in large, high-tech sector firms.
    Źródło:
    Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2015, 11, 4; 46-56
    1734-039X
    Pojawia się w:
    Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Theory of Planned Behaviour as a Research Tool an Connection with Tax Law and Economics
    Autorzy:
    Bellová, Jana
    Špírková, Taťána
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368104.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-02-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
    Tematy:
    theory of planned behavior
    tax compliance.
    Opis:
    The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is a theory from the field of psychology that was developed by Icek Ajzen in 1985 in order to predict and change human behavior. The theory works with three basic inputs concerning the studied behavior of the person. These then lead to an intention to behave in a certain way. Over the years the theory has been successfully applied to research in various fields. By using the method of systematic review, deduction, induction and synthesis, the article looks into the use of the TPB research model in connection with tax law and economics. One of the areas where tax law and economics meet is taxes. Hence the aim of the article is to confirm or disapprove the hypothesis that firstly TPB has been used in connection with taxes over the last ten years. If this hypothesis is confirmed then it is the aim to determine in which areas it has been applied. Secondly to confirm or disapprove the hypothesis that TPB has been used in connection with taxes in all seven world regions as divided by the World Bank. If that hypothesis is correct the aim is to determine how it has been applied in the Czech Republic and with what results.
    Źródło:
    Financial Law Review; 2021, 21, 1; 1-15
    2299-6834
    Pojawia się w:
    Financial Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Theory of Planned Behaviour as a Research Tool an Connection with Tax Law and Economics
    Autorzy:
    Bellová, Jana
    Špírková, Taťána
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368135.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-02-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
    Tematy:
    theory of planned behavior
    tax compliance.
    Opis:
    The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is a theory from the field of psychology that was developed by Icek Ajzen in 1985 in order to predict and change human behavior. The theory works with three basic inputs concerning the studied behavior of the person. These then lead to an intention to behave in a certain way. Over the years the theory has been successfully applied to research in various fields. By using the method of systematic review, deduction, induction and synthesis, the article looks into the use of the TPB research model in connection with tax law and economics. One of the areas where tax law and economics meet is taxes. Hence the aim of the article is to confirm or disapprove the hypothesis that firstly TPB has been used in connection with taxes over the last ten years. If this hypothesis is confirmed then it is the aim to determine in which areas it has been applied. Secondly to confirm or disapprove the hypothesis that TPB has been used in connection with taxes in all seven world regions as divided by the World Bank. If that hypothesis is correct the aim is to determine how it has been applied in the Czech Republic and with what results.
    Źródło:
    Financial Law Review; 2021, 21, 1; 1-15
    2299-6834
    Pojawia się w:
    Financial Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tax and Legal Issues Related to the Implementation of Research and Development Projects in the Area of "Security and Defense"
    Kwestie podatkowoprawne związane z realizacją projektów badawczo-rozwojowych w obszarze ,,Bezpieczeństwo i Obronność”
    Autorzy:
    Wyszomirska, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego
    Tematy:
    VAT
    subsidies
    expenses
    right to deduct input tax
    transfer
    proprietary copyrights
    State Treasury
    commercialization of results of scientific research
    commercialization of development works
    dotacja
    kwalifikowalność wydatków
    odliczenie podatku
    podatek naliczony
    przeniesienie
    autorskie prawa majątkowe
    Skarb Państwa
    komercjalizacja wyników badań naukowych
    komercjalizacja prac rozwojowych
    Opis:
    Purpose: The aim of the article is to discuss tax issues related to the settlement of subsidies for the implementation of projects in the area of "Security and Defense". The grant beneficiaries face numerous problems with the interpretation of the provisions of the VAT Act, which may result in serious financial consequences in the event of incorrect application of the VAT Act. This publication analyses and indicates solutions to these problems, which are most often raised by consortia, both in applications for tax interpretations and in complaints to administrative courts of both instances. Introduction: Among the important forms of activity for the security and defence of the state, a special role is played by scientific and research and development projects, which not only increase the potential of scientific and industrial entities, but also create Polish know-how in the field of critical technologies in the area of "Security and defence". The implementation of projects financed from the state budget places on the beneficiaries the obligation of a "regime" method of settling public funds, both by applying the provisions on public procurement, constructing civil contracts, taking into account the fact that funds from subsidies are available, as well as performing special diligence in tax settlements with the tax authorities. Methodology: The theoretical research methods were used in the work, including the analysis of literature, judgments of common courts and the Provincial and Supreme Administrative Court, as well as tax interpretations issued by the Director of the National Revenue Administration. The publication also provides an interpretation of national regulations as well as directives and case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Conclusions: Tax law is the branch of law that arouses the greatest emotions and controversy. It affects all of us, and in the event of incorrect application of the rules – it has serious financial consequences. Members of consortia implementing projects financed by the The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) also remain taxpayers, to whom the author of the article proposed the interpretation of the provisions of the VAT Act and discussed national and EU jurisprudence in order to facilitate the correct implementation of tax obligations by the consortia.
    Cel: Celem artykułu jest omówienie kwestii podatkowych związanych z rozliczeniem dotacji na realizację projektów w obszarze ,,Bezpieczeństwo i Obronność”. Beneficjenci dotacji napotykają bowiem na liczne problemy z interpretacją przepisów ustawy o podatku od towarów i usług, co może skutkować poważnymi konsekwencjami finansowymi w przypadku niewłaściwego zastosowania ustawy VAT. Niniejsza publikacja analizuje i wskazuje rozwiązania tych problemów, które są najczęściej podnoszone przez konsorcja zarówno we wnioskach o wydanie interpretacji podatkowych, jak i w skargach do sądów administracyjnych obu instancji. Wprowadzenie: Wśród istotnych form działalności na rzecz bezpieczeństwa i obronności państwa szczególną rolę odgrywają projekty naukowe i badawczo-rozwojowe, które nie tylko zwiększają potencjał podmiotów naukowych i przemysłowych, ale tworzą również polskie know-how w zakresie krytycznych technologii w obszarze ,,Bezpieczeństwo i obronność”. Realizacja projektów finansowanych ze środków budżetu państwa nakłada na beneficjentów obowiązek ściśle określonego sposobu rozliczania środków publicznych, zarówno przez stosowanie przepisów dotyczących zamówień publicznych, konstruowania zawieranych umów cywilnych z uwzględnieniem faktu dysponowania środkami z dotacji, jak też dopełnienia szczególnej staranności w rozliczeniach podatkowych z aparatem skarbowym. Metodologia: W pracy wykorzystano teoretyczne metody badawcze, w tym analizę literatury, wyroków sądów powszechnych oraz sądów wojewódzkich i Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego, jak również interpretacje podatkowe wydane przez Dyrektora Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej. W publikacji dokonano również wykładni przepisów krajowych oraz dyrektyw i orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej. Wnioski: Prawo podatkowe to gałąź prawa, która wzbudza największe emocje i kontrowersje. Dotyka bowiem nas wszystkich, zaś w przypadku nieprawidłowego zastosowania przepisów – wywołuje poważne skutki finansowe. Członkowie konsorcjów realizujących projekty finansowane ze środków Narodowego Centrum Badań i Rozwoju (NCBR) pozostają również podatnikami, którym autorka artykułu zaproponowała wykładnie przepisów ustawy VAT oraz omówiła orzecznictwo krajowe i unijne, aby ułatwić konsorcjom prawidłową realizację obowiązków podatkowych.
    Źródło:
    Safety and Fire Technology; 2021, 58, 2; 23--36
    2657-8808
    2658-0810
    Pojawia się w:
    Safety and Fire Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tax motivation of entrepreneurs in five voivodeships in Poland – research results
    Zachęty podatkowe przedsiębiorców – wyniki badań w wybranych województwach w Polsce
    Autorzy:
    Florek, Dominika
    Sapkowski, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131456.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie
    Tematy:
    taxpayer
    tax motivation
    entrepreneurs’ behaviour
    podatnik
    motywacja podatkowa
    zachowania przedsiębiorców
    Opis:
    Many factors influence the motivation to pay taxes by people who run their own business, inter alia: religion, geographical location or stability of the tax system. Determining and indicating what influences the willingness to pay taxes or lack thereof is an important element of building tax awareness and creating a taxation framework tailored to the recipient, i.e. the taxpayer. The aim of this article is to present the differences between the attitudes towards taxation of entrepreneurs from five different voivodeships in Poland based on the results of an empirical survey. The survey was conducted on a sample of 250 selfemployed persons. The respondents were entrepreneurs from the Podlaskie, Pomeranian, Subcarpathian, Greater Poland, and Silesian Voivodeships. The results of the survey analyzed by means of descriptive statistics indicate that there are differences in the attitude to paying taxes depending on the region of business activity. They can be seen in particular in the way tax documentation is managed and in the motivation to pay taxes.
    Na motywację podatkową osób prowadzących własną działalność gospodarczą wpływa wiele czynników, między innymi religia, położenie geograficzne czy stabilność systemu podatkowego. Ustalenie i wskazanie, co wpływa na chęć płacenia podatków lub jej brak, jest istotnym elementem budowania świadomości podatkowej oraz tworzenia ram opodatkowania dopasowanych do odbiorcy, czyli podatnika. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnic pomiędzy podejściem do opodatkowania przedsiębiorców z pięciu różnych województw w Polsce na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badania empirycznego. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na próbie 250 osób prowadzących własną działalność gospodarczą. Ankietowanymi byli przedsiębiorcy z województw: podlaskiego, pomorskiego, pod- karpackiego, wielkopolskiego oraz śląskiego. Wyniki badania przeanalizowane za pomocą statystyk opisowych wskazują na występowanie różnic w nastawieniu do płacenia podatków w zależności od regionu prowadzenia działalności. Widoczne są one w szczególności w sposobie zarządzania dokumentacją podatkową oraz w motywacji do płacenia podatków.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie; 2021, 52, 4; 39-51
    1506-2635
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN CZECH MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS
    Autorzy:
    Bočková, Nina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517114.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    small & medium-size enterprises
    R&D tax deductible
    R&D investment
    electronic industry
    Opis:
    The paper deals with the topic of research and development investments and its use in small and medium-sized enterprises SME’s operating in the electronic industry. The aim of the article is to find out the impact of innovation activities on enterprises, especially the influence of the sources of funding for the research activity. The Czech Republic is the geographic segment to be explored. A chapter on theoretical issues is followed by a description of the current situation in the Czech Republic and abroad, and access to legal support for research and development in the business sector. Primary data collected from a survey are analysed in the analytical part. The statistical data processing was done using Statistica 12 software. Some SME’s of chosen group of manufacturing industry focus on research and development performed by their own means, and they searched for the possibility of financing the research from various sources.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2015, 10, 4; 163-180
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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