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Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
Tytuł:
The Round Table in 1989 – Consequences and Evaluation
Autorzy:
Polak, Wojciech
Galij-Skarbińska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2019846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
“Solidarność”
round table
contracted elections in Poland
Tadeusz Mazowiecki cabinet
Opis:
The agreement of the round table signed on April 5, 1989, resulted in the creation of the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki (September 12, 1989) and the end of communist rule in Poland. However, it should be pointed out that the agreement of the round table is currently often criticized. It is claimed, among other things, that the agreement was a form of “unification of the elite” (the term Jack Kuroń) to obtain financial and political benefits. As a result, the mixed communist-solidarity elite has taken over power in the country, guided solely by their own interests. It is also stressed that the contract has enabled the Communists to retain enormous influence in the special services, state administration, various institutions, the economy, and finance. On the other hand, these irregularities have been attributed to the solidarity elites who consider the round table agreements to be persistent. Other parts of the solidarity elite treated the round table exclusively as tactical action to take power away from the Communists.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 3 (50); 149-156
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Polish model of the intelligence service reform in 1990
Autorzy:
Polak, Wojciech
Galij-Skarbińska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Security Service
the Office of State Protection,
verification
the Ministry of Internal Affair
Opis:
The debate about the shape of the future secret services, which became increasingly heated at the turn of 1989 and 1990 in the Polish Parliament and in the media, revealed a major number of experts, journalists and politicians of various backgrounds who were advocates of radical reforms. The differences among them consisted in the election of one of the two possible ways of introducing the reforms: the “zero option” or “continuation” of the hitherto applied solutions through their adaptation for the needs of the democratic state. However, it turns out that there were many other possible solutions. The “zero option” and “continuation” constituted two contradictory types between which there existed many more gradual forms. Their position was determined by such factors as: “the manner of breaking away with communism”, the level of the government’s experience and knowledge about the reform of the secret service, the involvement of the governing group in this field. Having analyzed all the factors, it becomes possible to sort out the solutions in terms of their organizational structure, their position in the structure of the state authorities, methods, change of the personnel (including the executive staff). The aim of this work is to present the solutions applied in Poland in 1989 in relation to the factors which determined them.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 141-158
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign contacts of the underground Toruń Region of NSZZ “Solidarność” in the years 1981–1989
Autorzy:
Polak, Wojciech
Galij-Skarbińska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51824902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
underground “Solidarity”
Toruń
foreign contacts
Solidarity conspiracy
martial law
Opis:
The introduction of martial law on December 13, 1981 resulted in the formation of an opposition underground almost immediately throughout the country. Support from abroad was of great importance for its functioning. This article raises the issue of the activities of the underground Toruń structures of “Solidarity” in the context of aid coming from the West. Over the course of the 1980s, the Toruń underground received printing equipment, computers, parts for radio transmitters, printing ink, money, émigré publications, etc. An important aspect of foreign contacts was the creation of a specific corridor for the secret distribution of copies of the Toruń underground press to “Radio Free Europe”. Articles from this press were later read in radio broadcasts broadcast to Poland.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2024, 3(43); 130-139
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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